저자는 인정하고자하는 등 기술 된 프로토콜 및부터 ASC의 그 분리의 발전에 기여하는 추가 연구 인력 감사 : 박사 H. 피터 로렌스, MD, 박사 히로시 Muzuno, MD, 박사 제리 황, MD를 박사 아담 카츠, MD, 박사 윌리엄 푸트 렐, MD, 박사 룽 장, DDS, 박사, 박사 라리사로드 리 게스, MD, 박사 제니 알폰소, 박사, 박사 존 프레이저, 박사. 발표 결과는 NIAMS와 NIDCR 연구소를 포함하여 건강의 국립 연구소에서 연구 보조금에 의해 부분적으로 투자되었다.

<ol>
	<li>Zuk, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-lineage+cells+from+human+adipose+tissue:+implications+for+cell-based+therapies.">Multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies.</a> Tissue Engineering. 7 (2), 211-226 (2001).</li><li>Rodbell, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolism+of+isolated+fat+cells.">Metabolism of isolated fat cells.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 239, 375-380 (1964).</li><li>Poznanski, W. J., Waheed, I., Human Van, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=fat+cell+precursors.+Morphologic+and+metabolic+differentiation+in+culture.">fat cell precursors. Morphologic and metabolic differentiation in culture.</a> Lab Invest. 29 (5), 570-576 (1973).</li><li>Zuk, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-derived+Stem+Cells+in+Tissue+Regeneration:+A+Review.">Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration: A Review.</a> ISRN Stem Cells. , (2012).</li><li>Zuk, P. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+adipose+tissue+is+a+source+of+multipotent+stem+cells.">Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells.</a> Mol. Biol. Cell. 13, 4279-4295 (2002).</li><li>Mitchell, J. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunophenotype+of+human+adipose-derived+cells:+temporal+changes+in+stromal-associated+and+stem+cell-associated+markers.">Immunophenotype of human adipose-derived cells: temporal changes in stromal-associated and stem cell-associated markers.</a> Stem Cells. 24 (2), 376-385 (2006).</li><li>Oedayrajsingh-Varma, M. 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A., Flaat, M., Gagliardi, C., Patel, B., Ripoll, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose-derived+stem+cells:+isolation,+expansion+and+differentiation.">Adipose-derived stem cells: isolation, expansion and differentiation.</a> Methods. 45 (2), 115-120 (2008).</li><li>Dubois, S. 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이 논문의 저자는 캘리포니아 대학의 리젠트과 Cytori 치료학 허가가 소유 한 특허의 공동 발명자이다.

부터 ASC의 절연을위한 지방 조직은 여러 가지 형태가 있습니다 : 주사기 추출 또는 흡입 보조 lipoplasty (즉, 지방 흡입) 중 하나를 통해 얻은 작은 조각으로 절제 또는 lipoplasty을 통해 얻은 조직의 단단한 조각에서. 충돌하는 연구는 16, 17를 제시 한 것처럼 더 SVF 세포 (이에부터 ASC)가 절제된 또는 흡입 지방 샘플에서 얻을 수 있는지 여부는 불분명하다. 그것은 지방 조직의 형태 중 하?...

2001에서, 지방 조직에서 다 능성 줄기 세포의 추정 인구는 저널 조직 공학 1에 기재 하였다. 이 세포는 성형 수술을 통해 얻은 처리 lipoaspirate 조직에서 자신의 유도에 의한 이름 가공 Lipoaspirate 또는 PLA 세포를 부여했다. 이 문서에서 설명하는 분리 방법은 지방 조직 2의 기질 혈관 분획 (SVF)의 분리에 대한 기존의 효소 전략을 기반으로했다. SVF는 조직 배양 기판 (2, 3)에 밀착 아직 적혈구 세포, 섬유 아세포, 내피 세포, 평활근 세포, 혈관 주위 세포와 전 지방 세포의 최소 처리 인구로서 정의되었다. 시간이 지남에 따라이 SVF의 배양은 이러한 오염 된 세포 집단의 대부분을 제거하고 부착 성, 섬유 아세포의 집단 발생하는 것이 제안된다. 이러한 섬유 아 세포는 미리 것으로 지난 40 년 동안 문헌에서 확인 된지방 세포. 그러나, 우리의 연구 그룹은이 세포가 중배엽 다 능성을 보유하고 PLA 세포로 부착 SVF 인구 이름 것​​을 보여 주었다. 많은 다른 연구 그룹에 의해 후속 연구 (리뷰가 4 참조) 내배엽과 외배엽의 잠재력을 모두 제안하고,이 잠재력을 추가했습니다. 그 이후로,이 세포에 대한 많은 추가적인 조건이 문헌에 등장했다. 컨센서스의 일부 유형을 제공하기 위하여, 용어 지방 - 유래 줄기 세포 또는부터 ASC는 2 차 연례 IFATS 회의에서 채택되었다. 따라서, 용어 ASC는이 문서에서 사용됩니다. 이 문서에서 설명하는 프로토콜은 표준 실험실 장비를 필요로하고 포스 완충 식염수, 표준 조직 문화 미디어 시약 및 콜라게나 간단한 시약을 사용하는 비교적 간단한 절차입니다. 이것은 지방 조직 부피와 후속 C의 개시 량에 따라부터 ASC 다수 생성 할ulture 시간. 그러나, 지방 조직 등의 대량의 처리는이 프로토콜을 사용하는 정도로 완화 될 수있는 물리적 인 문제를 제시 할 수있다. 또한,이 프로토콜함으로써 승인 된 조직 문화 시설의 사용을 필요로 무균 조직 배양 시설과 승인 된 바이오 안전성 후드를 요구한다. 그들은 좋은 제조 연습 임상 사용의 분리 및 재료의 확장을위한 설계 (GMP) 승인 시설에서 격리하지 않은 경우,이 요구 사항은 임상 응용 프로그램에서 ASC 인구의 유용성을 감소시킬 수있다. 다른 방법으로 운영 극장에서 닫힌 시스템에서부터 ASC를 분리 할 수 있습니다 자동화 시스템은이 중요한 문제를 피할 것이다 이후 체외 확장에 대한 필요없이부터 ASC의 즉시 사용할 수 있습니다. 지금까지 인간의 조직에서 세포의 분리를 위해 상업적으로 이용 가능하다 여섯 자동화 시스템이 있습니다. 이러한 시스템은 가능하게 격리 할 수​​있다즉시 수확을 다음과 지방 조직의 양이 많은부터 ASC의 상당수. 이러한부터 ASC는 지금 수술실을 떠나지 환자없이 재생하는 다양한 목적을 위해 환자에 재 도입 될 수있다. 부터 ASC를 수동으로 분리를 설명하는이 프로토콜뿐만 아니라, Celution 시스템을 사용부터 ASC의 자동 분리를위한 프로토콜은 또한 동반자 문서에 나와있다.

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		<tr>
			<td>
				DMEM (Dulbecco&#39;s Modification of Eagle&#39;s Medium)</td>
			<td>
				Mediatech Cellgro</td>
			<td>
				10-013-CV</td>
			<td>
				with 4.5 g/ml glucose, L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>
				Mediatech Cellgro</td>
			<td>
				30-002-CI</td>
			<td>
				10,000 IU/ml penicillin/10,000 &mu;g/ml streptomycin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Amphotericin B</td>
			<td>
				Mediatech Cellgro</td>
			<td>
				30-003-CF</td>
			<td>
				250 &mu;g/ml amphotericin B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				10X PBS (Phospho-buffered Saline)</td>
			<td>
				Mediatech Cellgro</td>
			<td>
				25-053-CI</td>
			<td>
				without calcium, without magnesium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>
				Mediatech Cellgro</td>
			<td>
				20-031-CV</td>
			<td>
				0.25 % trypsin/2.21mM EDTA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Collagenase type IA (from Clostridium histolyticum)</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				C2674</td>
			<td>
				crude preparation; &lt;125 collagen digestion units/mg solid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) heat inactivated</td>
			<td>
				Gemini Bioproducts</td>
			<td>
				100106</td>
			<td>
				USDA source, heat inactivated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				10 ml serological pipettes</td>
			<td>
				Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>
				12-104</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				25 ml serological pipettes</td>
			<td>
				Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>
				12-106</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				50 ml polypropylene centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>
				Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>
				21-106</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				100 mm tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td>
				Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>
				25-202</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				150 mm tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td>
				Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>
				25-203</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				500 ml Stericup Filter Units</td>
			<td>
				Millipore</td>
			<td>
				SCGPU05RE</td>
			<td>
				PES membrane, 0.22 &mu;m pore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Cell strainers</td>
			<td>
				FisherBrand</td>
			<td>
				22-363-549</td>
			<td>
				100 &mu;m nylon mesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				dexamethasone - water soluble</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				D-2915</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				L-ascorbic-acid 2 phosphate</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				A-8960</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				&beta;-glycerophosphate disodium salt</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				G-9422</td>
			<td>
				also known as glycerophosphate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				insulin</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				I-6634</td>
			<td>
				made from bovine pancreas</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				indomethacin</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				I-7378</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				apo-transferrin</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				T-4382</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				TGF&beta;1</td>
			<td>
				R&amp;D Systems</td>
			<td>
				240-B-002</td>
			<td>
				recombinant human</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Oil Red O</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				O-0625</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Alcian Blue</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				A-5268</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Silver nitrate</td>
			<td>
				Sigma</td>
			<td>
				S-0319</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>
				Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>
				A144</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>
				Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>
				30525-89-4</td>
			<td>
				supplied as a 16 % stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				[header]</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				Equipment Needed</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Class II A/B Biosafety hood</td>
			<td>
				Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
			<td>
				ensure hood has vacuum lines for aspiration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Benchtop centrifuge</td>
			<td>
				Hermle Labnet</td>
			<td>
				Z383</td>
			<td>
				Swing-out rotor for 50 ml tubes required, capable of 1200 x g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Water bath</td>
			<td>
				Fisher Scientific Isotemp</td>
			<td>
				S52602Q</td>
			<td>
				5-10L capacity, capable of 37 C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				Automated Pipette Aids</td>
			<td>
				Drummond Pipette Aid XL</td>
			<td>
				4-000-105</td>
			<td>
				&nbsp;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>
				CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td>
				Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>
				Forma 310</td>
			<td>
				direct heat or water jacketed</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

	&nbsp;

manual isolation of adipose-derived stem cells from human lipoaspirates

2001 년에, 캘리포니아 대학, 로스 앤젤레스의 연구자들은 초기 가공 Lipoaspirate 세포 또는 PLA 세포를 지칭 liposuctioned 지방 조직에서 성체 줄기 세포의 새로운 인구의 격리를 설명했다. 그 후,이 줄기 세포는 지방 - 유래 줄기 세포 또는부터 ASC로 개명 된 줄기 세포 연구 및 재생 의학 분야에서 가장 인기있는 성체 줄기 세포 집단 중의 하나가되기 위하여 갔다. 기사의 수천은 지금 뼈 재생, 말초 신경 수리 및 심장 혈관 엔지니어링을 포함하여 재생 동물 모델의 다양한부터 ASC를 사용하는 방법을 설명합니다. 최근 기사는 병원에서부터 ASC를위한 용도의 무수한을 설명하기 시작했다. 이 문서에 나와있는 프로토콜을 수동 및 효소 화장품 절차에서 얻은 lipoaspirates 많은 양에서부터 ASC를 분리하기위한 기본 절차를 설명합니다. 이 프로토콜은 쉽게 확대 또는 축소 accommod 아래로 할 수있다lipoaspirate의 볼륨을 먹고 복부 성형술 및 기타 유사한 절차를 통해 얻은 지방 조직에서부터 ASC를 분리하기 위해 적용 할 수 있습니다.

프로토콜의 개요는 위의 큰 볼륨 lipoaspirate 샘플에서 SVF의 분리에 대한 설명서, 효소 방법에 대해 설명합니다. 이 SVF 내에서 ASC 등 다양한 세포 집단이 있습니다. 많은 연구는 표준 조직 배양 조건이 SVF를 배양하는 ASC 형식으로 주로 구성 될 가능성이 접착 섬유 아세포 인구 선택 것이라고 제안한다. 이과 일치, 우리는 배양 SVF 펠릿의 주요 오염 세포 유형, 즉 적혈구, 평활근 세포와 내피 계통 (1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates at JoVE.com

Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

2001 년, UCLA의 연구자들은 성체 줄기 세포의 인구의 분리는 지방 조직에서 지방 유래 줄기 세포 나부터 ASC라고 기술. 이 문서는 콜라게나 제를 사용 설명서, 소화 효소의 프로토콜을 사용 lipoaspirates에서부터 ASC의 분리를 설명.

인간 Lipoaspirates에서 지방 유래 줄기 세포를 수동으로 분리

In 2001, researchers at the University of  California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult  stem cells from liposuctioned ...

manual-isolation-adipose-derived-stem-cells-from-human

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

40.9K 조회수.  Cytori Therapeutics Inc.  2001 년, UCLA의 연구자들은 성체 줄기 세포의 인구의 분리는 지방 조직에서 지방 유래 줄기 세포 나부터 ASC라고 기술. 이 문서는 콜라게나 제를 사용 설명서, 소화 효소의 프로토콜을 사용 lipoaspirates에서부터 ASC의 분리를 설명. 

비디오: Manual Isolation of Adipose-derived Stem Cells from Human Lipoaspirates

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

인간 배아 줄기 세포에서 염색질의 Immunoprecipitation

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

연구

생물학

Isolation of Stem Cells from Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and produce differentiated progeny1. These properties allow CSCs to recapitulate the original tumor when injected into immunocompromised mice. CSCs within an epithelial malignancy were first described in breast cancer and found to display specific cell surface antigen expression (CD44+CD24low/-)2. Since then, CSCs have been identified in an increasing number of other human malignancies using CD44 and CD24 as well as a number of other surface antigens. Physiologic properties, including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, have also been used to isolate CSCs from malignant tissues3-5.
Recently, we and others identified CSCs from pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on
ALDH activity and the expression of the cell surface antigens CD44 and CD24, and CD1336-8. These highly tumorigenic populations may or may not be overlapping and display other functions. We found that ALDH+ and CD44+CD24+ pancreatic CSCs are similarly tumorigenic, but ALDH+ cells are relatively more invasive8. In this protocol we describe a method to isolate viable pancreatic CSCs from low-passage human
xenografts9. Xenografted tumors are harvested from mice and made into a single-cell suspension. Tissue debris and dead cells are separated from live cells and then stained using antibodies against CD44 and CD24 and using the ALDEFLUOR reagent,
a fluorescent substrate of ALDH10. CSCs are then isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Isolated CSCs can then be used for analytical or functional assays requiring viable cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a number of malignancies. In this protocol we describe a flow cytometric method utilizing aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and CD44 and CD24 expression to isolate CSCs from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. These viable cells can then be used in functional and analytical studies.

인간 췌장암의 Xenografts에서 줄기 세포의 분리

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal ...

Isolation and Culture of Adult Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Skin

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate daughter cells that retain the stem cell phenotype and transit-amplifying cells (TA cells) that migrate from the stem cell niche, undergo rapid proliferation and terminally differentiate to repopulate the tissue.
Epithelial stem cells have been identified in the epidermis, hair follicle, and intestine as cells with a high in vitro proliferative potential and as slow-cycling label-retaining cells in vivo 1-3. Adult, tissue-specific stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of the tissues in which they reside during normal physiologic turnover as well as during times of stress 4-5. Moreover, stem cells are generally considered to be multi-potent, possessing the capacity to give rise to multiple cell types within the tissue 6. For example, rodent hair follicle stem cells can generate epidermis, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles 7-9. We have shown that stem cells from the human hair follicle bulge region exhibit multi-potentiality 10.
Stem cells have become a valuable tool in biomedical research, due to their utility as an in vitro system for studying developmental biology, differentiation, tumorigenesis and for their possible therapeutic utility. It is likely that adult epithelial stem cells will be useful in the treatment of diseases such as ectodermal dysplasias, monilethrix, Netherton syndrome, Menkes disease, hereditary epidermolysis bullosa and alopecias 11-13. Additionally, other skin problems such as burn wounds, chronic wounds and ulcers will benefit from stem cell related therapies 14,15. Given the potential for reprogramming of adult cells into a pluripotent state (iPS cells)16,17, the readily accessible and expandable adult stem cells in human skin may provide a valuable source of cells for induction and downstream therapy for a wide range of disease including diabetes and Parkinson's disease.

A rapid, robust way of isolating viable adult epithelial stem cells from human skin is described. The method utilizes enzymatic digestion of skin collagen matrix , followed by plucking of hair follicles and isolation of single cell suspensions or tissue fragments for cell culture.

사람의 피부에서 성인 상피 줄기 세포의 분리 및 문화

The homeostasis of all self-renewing tissues is dependent on adult stem cells. As undifferentiated stem cells undergo asymmetric divisions, they generate ...

Na&iuml;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell populations have been identified in human skin 1-4. The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors was first reported by Miller F. D laboratory 5, 6. These early studies described a multipotent precursor cell population from adult mammalian dermis 5. These cells--termed SKPs, for skin-derived precursors-- were isolated and expanded from rodent and human skin and differentiated into both neural and mesodermal progeny, including cell types never found in skin, such as neurons 5. Immunocytochemical studies on cultured SKPs revealed that cells expressed vimentin and nestin, an intermediate filament protein expressed in neural and skeletal muscle precursors, in addition to fibronectin and multipotent stem cell markers 6. Until now, the adult stem cells population SKPs have been isolated from freshly collected mammalian skin biopsies.
Recently, we have established and reported that a population of skin derived precursor cells could remain present in primary fibroblast cultures established from skin biopsies 7. The assumption that a few somatic stem cells might reside in primary fibroblast cultures at early population doublings was based upon the following observations: (1) SKPs and primary fibroblast cultures are derived from the dermis, and therefore a small number of SKP cells could remain present in primary dermal fibroblast cultures and (2) primary fibroblast cultures grown from frozen aliquots that have been subjected to unfavorable temperature during storage or transfer contained a small number of cells that remained viable 7. These rare cells were able to expand and could be passaged several times. This observation suggested that a small number of cells with high proliferation potency and resistance to stress were present in human fibroblast cultures 7.
We took advantage of these findings to establish a protocol for rapid isolation of adult stem cells from primary fibroblast cultures that are readily available from tissue banks around the world (Figure 1). This method has important significance as it allows the isolation of precursor cells when skin samples are not accessible while fibroblast cultures may be available from tissue banks, thus, opening new opportunities to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying rare genetic diseases as well as modeling diseases in a dish.

Na&amp;#239;ve Adult Stem Cells Isolation from Primary Human Fibroblast Cultures

We report a method to isolate na&#239;ve multipotent skin-derived precursor (SKP) cells from primary human fibroblast cultures. We show that these SKPs derived from fibroblast cultures share similar stem cell properties to the ones derived directly from human skin biopsies. These cells express the neural crest marker, nestin, in addition to the multipotent markers such as OCT4 and Nanog.

인간의 기본 섬유 아세포 배양에서 순진 성인 줄기 세포 분리

Over the last decade, several adult stem cell  populations have been identified in human skin 1-4.  The isolation of multipotent adult dermal precursors ...

Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse incisor provides a model for these processes. This remarkable organ grows continuously throughout the animal&#39;s life and generates all the necessary cell types from active pools of adult stem cells housed in the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loop (CL) regions. Only the dental stem cells from the labial CL give rise to ameloblasts that generate enamel, the outer covering of teeth, on the labial surface. This asymmetric enamel formation allows abrasion at the incisor tip, and progenitors and stem cells in the proximal incisor ensure that the dental tissues are constantly replenished. The ability to isolate and grow these progenitor or stem cells in vitro allows their expansion and opens doors to numerous experiments not achievable in vivo, such as high throughput testing of potential stem cell regulatory factors. Here, we describe and demonstrate a reliable and consistent method to culture cells from the labial CL of the mouse incisor.

The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a model for studying renewal of dental tissues from dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs). A robust system for consistently and reliably obtaining these cells from the incisor and expanding them in vitro is reported here.

성인 마우스 앞니의 치아 상피 줄기 세포의 분리 및 문화

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse ...

Isolation, Proliferation and Differentiation of Rhesus Macaque Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Adipose tissue provides a rich and accessible source of multipotent stem cells, which are able to self-renew. These adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) provide a consistent ex vivo cellular system that are functionally like that of in vivo adipocytes. Use of ADSCs in biomedical research allows for cellular investigation of adipose tissue metabolic regulation and function. ADSC differentiation is necessary for adequate adipocyte expansion, and suboptimal differentiation is a major mechanism of adipose dysfunction. Understanding changes in ADSC differentiation is crucial to understanding the development of metabolic dysfunction and disease. The protocols described in this manuscript, when followed, will yield mature adipocytes that can be used for several in vitro functional tests to assess ADSC metabolic function, including but not limited to assays measuring glucose uptake, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and secretion. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are physiologically, anatomically, and evolutionarily similar to humans and as such, their tissues and cells have been used extensively in biomedical research and for development of treatments. Here, we describe ADSC isolation using fresh subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue obtained from 4&#8211;9-year old rhesus macaques. Adipose tissue samples are enzymatically digested in collagenase followed by filtration and centrifugation to isolate ADSCs from the stromal vascular fraction. Isolated ADSCs are proliferated in stromal media followed by approximately 14&#8211;21 days of differentiation using a cocktail of 0.5 &#956;g/mL dexamethasone, 0.5 mM isobutyl methylxanthine, and 50 &#956;M indomethacin in stromal media. Mature adipocytes are observed at approximately 14 days of differentiation. In this manuscript, we describe protocols for ADSC isolation, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro. Although, we have focused on ADSCs from rhesus macaque adipose tissue, these protocols can be utilized for adipose tissue obtained from other animals with minimal adjustments.

In this article, we describe isolation of rhesus macaque derived adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) using an enzymatic tissue digestion protocol. Next, we describe ADSC proliferation which includes cell detachment, counting and plating. Lastly, ADSC differentiation is described using specific adipogenic inducing agents. Additionally, we describe staining techniques to confirm differentiation.

붉은털원숭이 지방유래 줄기세포의 분리, 증식 및 분화

Adipose tissue provides a rich and accessible source of multipotent stem cells, which are able to self-renew. These adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane nanoparticles released by most cell types, and they are increasingly recognized as physiological regulators of organismal homeostasis and important indicators of pathologies; in the meantime, their immense potential to establish accessible and controllable disease therapeutics is emerging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can release large amounts of EVs in culture, which have shown promise to jumpstart effective tissue regeneration and facilitate extensive therapeutic applications with good scalability and reproducibility. There is a growing demand for simple and effective protocols for collecting and applying MSC-EVs. Here, a detailed protocol is provided based on differential centrifugation to isolate and characterize representative EVs from cultured human MSCs, exosomes, and microvesicles for further applications. The adaptability of this method is shown for a series of downstream approaches, such as labeling, local transplantation, and systemic injection. The implementation of this procedure will address the need for simple and reliable MSC-EVs collection and application in translational research.

The present protocol describes the differential centrifugation for isolating and characterizing representative EVs (exosomes and microvesicles) from cultured human MSCs. Further applications of these EVs are also explained in this article.

배양된 인간 중간엽 줄기세포에서 세포외 소포의 분리, 특성화 및 치료적 적용

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane nanoparticles released by most cell types, and they are increasingly recognized as physiological ...

지방 조직 유래 줄기세포 분리 및 특성 분석

Isolation and Identification of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in addition to their great capacity for self-renewal, migration, and proliferation. Adipose tissue is one of the least invasive and most accessible sources of mesenchymal cells. It has also been reported to have higher yields compared to other sources, as well as superior immunomodulatory properties. Recently, different procedures for obtaining adult mesenchymal cells from different tissue sources and animal species have been published. After evaluating the criteria of some authors, we standardized a methodology that is applicable to different purposes and easily reproducible. A pool of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from perirenal and epididymal adipose tissue allowed us to develop primary cultures with optimal morphology and functionality. The cells were observed adhered to the plastic surface for 24 h, and exhibited a fibroblast-like morphology, with prolongations and a tendency to form colonies. Flow cytometry (FC) and immunofluorescence (IF) techniques were used to assess the expression of the membrane markers CD105, CD9, CD63, CD31, and CD34. The ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to differentiate into the adipogenic lineage was also assessed using a cocktail of factors (4 &#181;M insulin, 0.5 mM 3-methyl-iso-butyl-xanthine, and 1 &#181;M dexamethasone). After 48 h, a gradual loss of fibroblastoid morphology was observed, and at 12 days, the presence of lipid droplets positive to oil red staining was confirmed. In summary, a procedure is proposed to obtain optimal and functional ASC cultures for application in regenerative medicine.

저자 스포트라이트: Sprague Dawley Rats의 지방 조직에서 유래한 중간엽 줄기 세포의 분리 및 식별  

This protocol describes a methodology for isolating and identifying adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from Sprague Dawley rats.

Sprague Dawley 쥐의 지방 조직에서 유래한 중간엽 줄기 세포의 분리 및 식별

Adult mesenchymal cells have revolutionized molecular and cell biology in recent decades. They can differentiate into different specialized cell types, in ...