이 작품은 NINDS 부여 번호의 NS054148에 의해 지원되었다.

동물과 관련된 모든 절차는 미시간 주립 대학 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (IACUC)에 의해 승인되었다. 1. 실험 설정 <ol><li> 한쪽에 다섯 홀 nosepoke 벽과 반대편에 음식 배달 통 구성 조건화 상자를 사용합니다. <ol><li> 센터 nosepoke 구멍이 &quot;고정&quot;구멍 4 개의 다른 구멍 (고정 구멍의 양쪽에 각각 2 개씩)로 간주됩니다는 모터 대상 구멍 간주됩니다. 각 구멍은 삼색 LED 및 동물이 들어가 고정 구멍으로부터 후퇴 할 때 감지 적외선 이미 터 - 검출기 시스템이 장착된다. </li><li> 밀리 초 단위의 정밀도를 가진 단일 주파수 톤을 생성하고 조작 적 상자 내부에 장착 된 스피커에 연결하는 프로그램 톤 제너레이터를 사용합니다. 적절한 소프트웨어를 사용하여 행동 추적 시스템을 통해 음원과 nosepokes을 제어한다. 하드웨어 및 softw를 사용행동 사건과 단서 및 응답 제어 밀리 초 척도 모니터링을 제공 시스템이다. 참고 : 톤 및 노이즈 신호 모두의 진폭이 60 ± 3dB SPL을 보관해야합니다. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. 초기 요법 이니 <ol><li> (3 일의 과정을 통해 예) 피사체의 정상 체중의 100g 당 서서히 ~ 5g에 피사체의 음식 섭취를 제한합니다. 주제는 임의로 중량의 85-90%을 유지해야한다. </li><li> 실험자에 의해 처리에 주제를 길들과 음식 부족 프로토콜을 시작하는 첫날부터 기기와 함께 주제를했습니다. 동물을 처리하기 시작하고 케이지를 탐구하고 보상 배달 위치에 대해 잘 알고 얻을 수있는 주제를 장려하기 위해 펠릿 물마루 식품 알약을 제공하면서 조건화 상자에 넣습니다. </li></ol> 3. 제목 교육 <ol><li> 일반 노트<ol><li> 여기에 제안 작업은 지연 시간과 움직임을 실행하는 동안 움직임을 최소화, 청각 신호의 인식 사이의 정확한 조정이 필요합니다. </li><li> 점차적으로 최종 원하는 동작을 위해 준비하는 주제 단계별 훈련. </li><li> 각 단계의 끝에서, 대상은 다음 단계로 진행하기 전에 적어도 세 개의 연속적인 세션&gt; 75퍼센트 행동 성능을 유지하고 있는지 확인하십시오. </li><li> 최종 단계에 도달하면 성능이 바람직한 수준으로 유지하기 위해 일주일 동안 프로토콜에 제목을 유지합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 시작 nosepoke 구멍, 음식 배달 포트와 번쩍이는 구멍과 보상 사이의 관계와 주제를 잘 알아. <ol><li> 임의의 일정에있는 4 개의 대상 중 하나를 선택합니다. </li><li> 이동 큐 (흰색 청각 소음)를 연주하고 (0.3 초​​ 펄스 기간을) 깜박 구멍 안쪽에 LED를 유지합니다. </li><li> 의를 설정oftware 구멍 방문에 주제를 보상합니다. </li><li> 제한 시간 30 초 후 시험 구멍이 방문하고 새로운 시도를 시작하지 않은 경우. </li><li> 잘못된 구멍에 대한 방문을 보상하지 않습니다. </li></ol></li><li> 대상 선택 : 선택되지 않은 구멍에 잘못된 방문을 처벌. <ol><li> 잘못된 구멍에 방문하면, 블랙 아웃의 5 초 뒤에 재판을 종료합니다. 참고 : 블랙 아웃 시대 동안 고정 구멍 LED는 케이지에서 꺼집니다. 이 주제는 시험을 시작할 수 없습니다 것을 의미 LED가 깜박이기 시작 고정 구멍 때까지 기다려야합니다. </li><li> 새로운 구멍을 선택하고 새로운 시도를 시작합니다. </li></ol></li><li> Nosepoke : 재판을 시작하기 위해 고정 구멍 안에 찌를 제목을 훈련. <ol><li> 고정 홀 내부에 LED가 황색을 깜박입니다. </li><li> 방문에 고정 구멍이 바로 가기 큐를 재생하고 새로운 시도를 시작합니다. </li><li> 5 초 부정확 방문을 처벌, 블랙 아웃의. </li></ol></li><li> 지연 : 훈련이 진행됨에 따라 점차적으로 증가 시간 (지연 시간)의 일정 기간의 고정 홀 내부에 자신의 코를 유지하기 위해 주제를 가르친다. <ol><li> 고정 홀을 방문하는 주제를 기다립니다. </li><li> 피사체가 500 밀리 초 내에 후퇴 경우 시험을 종료합니다. 그렇지 않으면, 이동 큐를 재생합니다. </li><li> 7 초 동안 블랙 아웃 기간에 조기 철회를 처벌. </li><li> 음식 펠릿을 제공하여 올바른 방문을 보상. </li></ol></li><li> (라이트)와 두 개의 큐 : 증가 및 지연 시간 길이를 랜덤 및 청각 명령 큐를 소개합니다. <ol><li> 1.5 초의 평균과 지연 기간의 길이를 증가시킨다. </li><li> 1.3-1.8 초 사이에 균일 한 밀도에 따라 각 재판에서 임의의 지연 시간 길이를 선택합니다. </li><li> 취급 150 밀리의 펄스 기간 트리플렛에서 펄스 ​​단일 주파수 톤과 같은 청각 큐 및 소개100 밀리의 interpulse 간격. <ol><li> 피사체가 고정 구멍을 입력 한 후 명령 바로 큐를 재생합니다. </li><li> 대상에 각각 두 개의 명령 신호를 할당합니다. </li><li> 만이 단계에서 각 대상에 연관된 하나의 큐를 사용합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 피사체가 대상 구멍을 선택 모두 청각과 시각적 단서를 사용하자. </li></ol></li><li> (빛이없는) 두 개의 큐 :에 제목을 훈련은 청각 신호를 사용합니다. <ol><li> 대상은 청각 명령 신호를 사용하는 것이 있도록 대상 구멍 안쪽에 깜박이는 LED를 끕니다. </li></ol></li><li> 네 개의 큐가 : 무작위로 제시 명령 큐의 순서로 두 개의 다른 신호를 소개하고 섹션에게 3.5.3-3.6.1를 반복합니다. </li></ol> 4. 행동 데이터 분석 <ol><li> 성공률 : 시험의 총 개수로 나눈 대상에 정확한 방문의 비율로 성공률을 정의합니다. <ol><li&gt; 트레이닝의 각 단계에서의 성공률을 측정한다. </li></ol></li><li> 오류 유형 : <ol><li> 조기 수축 : 고정 구멍에서 초기 철회에 시간 초과로 인해 시험의 비율을 측정합니다. </li><li> 위원회의 선택이 오류 : 피사체가 uninstructed 대상을 방문 할 때 실패 시험의 비율을 계산 </li><li> 누락 오류 : 피사체가 시험 개시 후 대상 중 하나를 방문하지 않는 경우 오류의 비율을 계산합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 측정 변수 : <ol><li> 반응 시간 (RT)은 각 시험의 경우, 이동 큐의 발병과의 고정 홀에서 제목 후퇴 사이의 지연 시간을 측정합니다. </li><li> 목표 시간 (TT) : 피사체의 고정 홀에서 후퇴하고 대상 구멍을 입력 사이의 시간을 측정한다. </li></ol></li></ol>

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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cortical+substrate+for+memory-guided+orienting+in+the+rat.">A cortical substrate for memory-guided orienting in the rat.</a> Neuron. 72, 330-343 (2011).</li><li>Mohebi, A., Oweiss, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+ensemble+correlates+of+working+memory+in+the+rat+medial+prefrontal+cortex.">Neural ensemble correlates of working memory in the rat medial prefrontal cortex.</a> 41 st Ann. Meet. Soc. Neurosci. , (2011).</li><li>Oweiss, K. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Statistical signal processing for neuroscience and neurotechnology. , (2010).</li><li>Thorndike, E. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+intelligence:+An+experimental+study+of+the+associative+processes+in+animals.">Animal intelligence: An experimental study of the associative processes in animals.</a> Psychol. Monographs: Gen. Appl. 2, 1-109 (1898).</li></ol>

저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이익을 선언하지 않습니다.

쥐 널리 세기 이상 신경 과학 연구에 사용되었습니다. 고양이 34의 효과의 법칙의 개념 다이크의 도입 이후, 조건화는 동물의 행동의 다양한 측면을 테스트하는 표준 방식이다. 의사 결정과 모터 제조 관련된 많은 신경 과학 실험은 명령어 큐 및 작업 간격 사이의 지연 기간을 포함한다. 그것은 획득되고 뉴럴 데이터에 대한 혼동을 줄이기 위해 이러한 지연 기간 동안 움직임을 최소화하는...

<html> 신경 생리학과 행동 사이의 관계를 연구하는 것은 시스템 신경 과학의 궁극적 인 목표입니다. 역사적으로, 동물 모델의 선택과 행동 레퍼토리 1 ~ 5 사이의 트레이드 오프가 발생했습니다. 바다 슬러그 6 오징어 7 같은 단순한 생물이 하나의 이온 채널, 뉴런과 간단한 신경 회로의 특성을 연구하기 위해 광범위하게 사용되고 있지만, 높은 차수의 종은 같은 공간 탐색, 의사 결정 8-11을하고인지와 같은 더 복잡한 기능을 연구하는 데 필요한 12-14을 제어 할 수 있습니다. 동작 같은 인간을위한 표준 동물 모델에도 불구하고, 인간이 아닌 영장류의 사용은 15 ~ 18을 설정 한 실험실에서 실험의 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 사용을 배제 비용 및 윤리적 고려 사항을 묻는 메시지가 나타납니다. 설치류와 같은 간단한 동물 모델은 일반적으로 그들이 관심의 동작을 기본 유사한 신경 기판을 제공, 19 바람직하다. &quot;&gt; 설치류가 영장류 20-22에서 발견 된 것과 유사한 대뇌 피질 및 피질 하 구조를 공유 할 것을 제안 충분한 증거가있다. 설치류도 자신의 행동 23-25을 안내하는 여러 감각 양상에 걸쳐 정보를 통합하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다, 예를 들어, 내 쫓기 조정하고 찾아내어 답사의 행동 26시 또는 청각 및 시각 / 후각 이벤트 25, 27를 통합하여. 여기에 우리가인지 작업 28-32을 테스트하는 데 사용되는 설치류의 조건화를위한 프레임 워크를 설명합니다. 이 프레임 워크에서는, 주제는 nosepoke 구멍 안쪽에 흥분하고 이동 큐의 프리젠 테이션 때까지 구멍 안에 자신의 주둥이를 유지하기 위해 필요합니다. 행동 작업은 통상적으로 5 - 직렬 선택 반응 시간 작업 연구에 사용되는 다섯 홀 nosepoke 디자인입니다. 지연 기간 동안, 명령어 큐들의 범위는 액션을 수행하는 피사체를 안내하기 위해 제공된다. 이 프레임 워크는 쉽게 맞게 수정 될 수있다피사체를 훈련하는 짧은 간격 동안 그것의 명백한 이동을 최소화 할 수있는 실험의 넓은 범위가 필요하다. 이 개별 뉴런의 스파이크 활동이 간격 동안 특정 신호의 영향을받습니다 정도를 공부 허용합니다. 프로토콜은 훈련 시간을 최소화 할 수 있으며 맞은 피사체 학습 변동성을 감소시킬 수있다. 태스크의 개략적 인 흐름도가도 1에 도시된다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="757">
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		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:359px;"> 5-HOLED NOSE POKE WITH 3STIM CUE LIGHT - RAT CAGE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"> H21-06M/R</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">TEST CAGE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H10-11R-TC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Graphic State Software</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">PROGRAMMABLE TONE/NOISE GENERATOR</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A12-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Dustless Precision Pellets</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Bio-Serv</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F0165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;"> SPEAKER MODULE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H12-01R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a fully automated rodent conditioning protocol for sensorimotor integration and cognitive control experiments

설치류는 전통적으로, 감각인지, 그리고 모터 무수한 업무를 포함하는 실험실 실험에서 표준 동물 모델로 사용되었습니다. 이러한 의사 결정과 주의력 변조 등의 감각 반응에 대한 정밀한 제어를 필요로하는 고등인지 기능은, 그러나, 일반적으로 인간이 아닌 영장류에서 평가됩니다. 공부하는 이러한 기능의 여러 변종을 수 영장류 행동의 풍요 로움에도 불구하고, 설치류 모델은 영장류 모델 매력적인, 비용 효율적인 대안 남아있다. 이러한 복잡한 기능의 넓은 범위를 공부하는 동안 또한, 완전히 설치류 조건화를 자동화 할 수있는 능력은 인간이 아닌 영장류의 노동 집약적 인 훈련을 통해 독특한 장점을 추가합니다. 여기, 우리는 작업 메모리 작업을 수행하는 방법에 대한 operantly 조절 쥐를위한 프로토콜을 소개합니다. 태스크의 임계 에포크 동안 프로토콜은 동물의 명백한 requ의 움직임이 최소화되도록이동 큐가, 인간이 아닌 영장류 실험 설계에 가깝다 전달 될 때까지 &#39;흥분&#39;에 동물을 iring. 간단한 두 가지 대체 강제 선택 작업은 성능을 보여주기 위해 구현됩니다. 우리는 다른 작업이 패러다임의 응용 프로그램에 대해 설명합니다.

제안 된 프레임 워크는인지 작업의 범위에 따라 훈련을 할 수 있습니다. 여기에서 우리는 쥐의 전두엽 피질에서 목표 지향적 행동의 메커니즘을 조사하기 위해 설계된 지시 지연 작업을 구현했습니다. 그림 1은 실험 설계의 흐름도를 보여줍니다. 피사체가 모든 단계에서 작업 요구 사항을 이해하고 있는지 확인하기 위해, 성과 측정은 지속적으로 평가해야한다. ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments at JoVE.com

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

설치류 조건화에 대한 완전 자동화 된 프로토콜을 제안한다. 이 프로토콜은이 컨트롤의 영향을 신경 활동 기본 감각 통합,인지 제어 실험에 대한 정도를 조사하기 위해 행동 사건의 정확한 시간 제어에 의존합니다.

감각 운동 통합 및인지 제어 실험을 위해 완전 자동화 된 설치류 컨디셔닝 프로토콜

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. ...

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Behavior

10.5K 조회수.  Michigan State University.  설치류 조건화에 대한 완전 자동화 된 프로토콜을 제안한다. 이 프로토콜은이 컨트롤의 영향을 신경 활동 기본 감각 통합,인지 제어 실험에 대한 정도를 조사하기 위해 행동 사건의 정확한 시간 제어에 의존합니다. 

비디오: A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

치수 변경 카드 정렬 성능인지 제어 네트워크 관련의 기능 연결에서 연령 관련 차이점을 조사하는 방법

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

연구

행동분석학

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have developed visual cognitive tasks for rats using the Floor Projection Maze1,2&#160;that are optimized for visual abilities of rats permitting stronger comparisons of experimental findings with other species.
In order to investigate neural correlates of learning and memory, we have integrated electrophysiological recordings into fully automated cognitive tasks on the Floor Projection Maze1,2. Behavioral software interfaced with an animal tracking system allows monitoring of the animal's behavior with precise control of image presentation and reward contingencies for better trained animals. Integration with an in vivo electrophysiological recording system enables examination of behavioral correlates of neural activity at selected epochs of a given cognitive task.
We describe protocols for a model system that combines automated visual presentation of information to rodents and intracranial reward with electrophysiological approaches. Our model system offers a sophisticated set of tools as a framework for other cognitive tasks to better isolate and identify specific mechanisms contributing to particular cognitive processes.

We describe protocols for training rats for chronic electrophysiological recordings in fully automated cognitive tasks on a Floor Projection Maze.

바닥 투사 미로를 사용하여 녹음 신경 활동에 대한 자동화 된 시각인지 작업

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

전산 자동 학습 장치 (ALDM) 테스트 시스템의 네트워크를 사용하여 비 인간 영장류의 사회인지의 평가

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated systems require upper limb amputees to learn complex control schemes. Humans have the ability to learn new movements through imitation and other learning strategies. This protocol describes a structured rehabilitation method, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning, and aims to assess if this method can improve multifunctional prosthetic control. A left below elbow amputee, with 4 years of experience in prosthetic use, took part in this case study. The prosthesis used was a Michelangelo hand with wrist rotation, and the added features of wrist flexion and extension, which allowed more combinations of hand movements. The participant&#8217;s Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure score improved from 58 to 71 following structured training. This suggests that a structured training protocol of imitation, repetition and reinforcement may have a role in learning to control a new prosthetic hand. A larger clinical study is however required to support these findings.

As prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees&#8217; inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.

개선 된 다기능 보철 제어를위한 구조적 재활 프로토콜 : 사례 연구

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated ...

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) software. Additionally, we demonstrate a method for extracting relevant emotional data output and plotting the emotional response of a population over a specified time frame. By time pairing each participant's treatment response to a control stimulus (baseline), the overall emotional response over time and across multiple participants can be quantified. AFEA is a prospective analytical tool for assessing unbiased response to food and beverages. At present, most research has mainly focused on beverages. Methodologies and analyses have not yet been standardized for the application of AFEA to beverages and foods; however, a consistent standard methodology is needed. Optimizing video capture procedures and resulting video quality aids in a successful collection of emotional response to foods. Furthermore, the methodology of data analysis is novel for extracting the pertinent data relevant to the emotional response. The combinations of video capture optimization and data analysis will aid in standardizing the protocol for automated facial expression analysis and interpretation of emotional response data.

A protocol for capturing and statistically analyzing emotional response of a population to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis software is described.

관능 평가를위한 데이터 수집 및 자동화 표정 분석 기술에 대한 분석 응용 및 시간적 분석을위한 프로토콜

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

눈 - 추적 제어 루게릭 병 환자의인지 기능을 평가하는

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), have become a promising tool to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and promote the therapeutic advances. An important step is the validation and characterization of expected behavioral abnormality in the models, in the case of AD, cognitive decline. The long-term behavioral investigations of laboratory animals to study the effect of aging demand substantial efforts from researchers. The IntelliCage system is a high-throughput and cost-effective test battery for mice that eliminates the need for daily human handling. Here, we describe how the system is utilized in the long-term phenotyping of a genetic Alzheimer&#39;s disease model, specifically focusing on the cognitive functions. The experiment employs repeated battery of tests that assess spatial learning and executive functions. This cost-effective age-dependent phenotyping allows us to identify the transient and/or permanent effects of genes on various cognitive aspects.

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Using IntelliCage

This paper describes a protocol for cognitive assessments for genetic models of the Alzheimer&#39;s disease using the IntelliCage system, which is a high throughput automated behavioral monitoring system with operant conditioning.

자동화, Alzheimer의 질병, IntelliCage를 사용 하 여 여러 유전자 모델에서 인지 기능에 대 한 장기적인 행동 분석 결과

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive ...

A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and spatial cognition. With a local area network and dedicated software platform, experimenters can efficiently monitor the behavior of the participants that are simultaneously immersed in a desktop virtual environment and digitalize the collected data. These capabilities allow for experimental designs in spatial cognition and navigation research that would be difficult (if not impossible) to conduct in the real world. Possible experimental variations include stress during an evacuation, cooperative and competitive search tasks, and other contextual factors that may influence emergent crowd behavior. However, such a laboratory requires maintenance and strict protocols for data collection in a controlled setting. While the external validity of laboratory studies with human participants is sometimes questioned, a number of recent papers suggest that the correspondence between real and virtual environments may be sufficient for studying social behavior in terms of trajectories, hesitations, and spatial decisions. In this article, we describe a method for conducting experiments on decision-making and navigation with up to 36 participants in a networked desktop virtual reality setup (i.e., the Decision Science Laboratory or DeSciL). This experiment protocol can be adapted and applied by other researchers in order to set up a networked desktop virtual reality laboratory.

This paper describes a method for conducting multi-user experiments on decision-making and navigation using a networked computer laboratory.

여러 참가자와 탐색 실험 결정 과학에 대 한 네트워크로 연결 된 데스크톱 가상 현실 설정

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and ...

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and laboratory experiments, respectively. VR is especially useful for geographic visualizations and investigations of spatial behavior. In spatial behavior research, VR provides a platform for studying the relationship between navigation and physiological measures (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate, blood pressure). Specifically, physiological measures allow researchers to address novel questions and constrain previous theories of spatial abilities, strategies, and performance. For example, individual differences in navigation performance may be explained by the extent to which changes in arousal mediate the effects of task difficulty. However, the complexities in the design and implementation of VR experiments can distract experimenters from their primary research goals and introduce irregularities in data collection and analysis. To address these challenges, the Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework includes standardized modules such as participant training with the control interface, data collection using questionnaires, the synchronization of physiological measurements, and data storage. EVE also provides the necessary infrastructure for data management, visualization, and evaluation. The present paper describes a protocol that employs the EVE framework to conduct navigation experiments in VR with physiological sensors. The protocol lists the steps necessary for recruiting participants, attaching the physiological sensors, administering the experiment using EVE, and assessing the collected data with EVE evaluation tools. Overall, this protocol will facilitate future research by streamlining the design and implementation of VR experiments with physiological sensors.

Virtual reality (VR) experiments can be difficult to implement and require meticulous planning. This protocol describes a method for the design and implementation of VR experiments that collect physiological data from human participants. The Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework is employed to accelerate this process.

가상 현실 생리 측정 실험

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and ...

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, studies implementing classical conditioning paradigms with harnessed insects have been important for investigating the exact cues that individuals learn and the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory formation. Here we present a protocol for evoking visual associative learning in wood ants through classical conditioning. In this paradigm, ants are harnessed and presented with a visual cue (a blue cardboard), the conditional stimulus (CS), paired with an appetitive sugar reward, the unconditional stimulus (US). Ants perform a Maxilla-Labium Extension Reflex (MaLER), the unconditional response (UR), which can be used as a readout for learning. Training consists of 10 trials, separated by a 5-minute intertrial interval (ITI). Ants are also tested for memory retention 10 minutes or 1 hour after training. This protocol has the potential to allow researchers to analyze, in a precise and controlled manner, the details of visual memory formation and the neural basis of learning and memory formation in wood ants.

We present a protocol for the classical conditioning of harnessed ants that permits researchers to study visual learning and memory formation at a level of analysis not possible with freely moving individuals.

나무 개미에 비주얼 고전 컨디셔닝

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, ...