저자는 자신의 지원 및 유용한 기술 토론 라이언 퉁을 감사드립니다. 저자는 또한 Birck 나노 기술 센터 기술 직원의 도움과 지원을 인정하고 싶습니다. 이 작품은 퍼듀 마이크로 웨이브 재구성 소멸 모드 캐비티에서 방위 고등 연구 기관에 의해 지원되었다가 연구를 필터링합니다. 또한 보너스 번호 DE-FC5208NA28617에서 신뢰성, 무결성 및 마이크로 시스템즈의 생존과 에너지 부 예측의 NNSA 센터에 의해. 이 논문 / 프리젠 테이션에 포함 된 뷰, 의견 및 / 또는 연구 결과는 저자 / 발표자의 견해이며, 방위 고등 연구 기관 또는 부서의 공식적인 견해 나 정책을 나타내는 것으로 해석, 묵시적인 수 없습니다 국방.

<ol>
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Microeng. 22, 095004 (2012).</li><li>Su, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> A lateral-drive method to address pull-in failure in MEMS. , (2008).</li><li>Scott, S., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+capacitively-loaded+MEMS+slot+element+for+wireless+temperature+sensing+of+up+to+300&#176;C+.">A capacitively-loaded MEMS slot element for wireless temperature sensing of up to 300&#176;C .</a> , 1161-1164 (2009).</li><li>Scott, S., Sadeghi, F., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inherently-robust+300C+MEMS+sensor+for+wireless+health+monitoring+of+ball+and+rolling+element+bearings.">Inherently-robust 300C MEMS sensor for wireless health monitoring of ball and rolling element bearings.</a> , 975-978 (2009).</li><li>Lee, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-contact+electrostatic+microactuator+using+slit+structures:+theory+and+a+preliminary+test.">Non-contact electrostatic microactuator using slit structures: theory and a preliminary test.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 17, 2186-2196 (2007).</li><li>Su, J., Yang, H., Fay, P., Porod, W., Berstein, G. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+surface+micromachined+offset-drive+method+to+extend+the+electrostatic+travel+range.">A surface micromachined offset-drive method to extend the electrostatic travel range.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 20, 015004 (2010).</li><li>Small, J., Fruehling, A., Garg, A., Liu, X., Peroulis, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DC-dynamic+biasing+for+&gt;50x+switching+time+improvement+in+severely+underdamped+fringing-field+electrostatic+MEMS+actuators.">DC-dynamic biasing for &gt;50x switching time improvement in severely underdamped fringing-field electrostatic MEMS actuators.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 22, (2012).</li><li>Borovic, B., Liu, A. Q., Popa, D., Cai, H., Lewis, F. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Open-loop+versus+closed-loop+control+of+MEMS+devices:+Choices+and+issues.">Open-loop versus closed-loop control of MEMS devices: Choices and issues.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 15, 1917-1924 (2005).</li><li>Pons-Nin, J., Rodriquez, A., Castaner, L. 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Syst. 15, 1586-1594 (2006).</li><li>Elata, D., Bamberger, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+dynamic+pull-in+of+electrostatic+actuators+with+multiple+degrees+of+freedom+and+multiple+voltage+sources.">On the dynamic pull-in of electrostatic actuators with multiple degrees of freedom and multiple voltage sources.</a> J. Microelectromech. Syst. 15, 131-140 (2006).</li><li>Chen, K. S., Ou, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+positioning+and+impact+minimizing+of+MEMS+devices+by+suppression+motion-induced+vibration+by+command+shaping+method.">Fast positioning and impact minimizing of MEMS devices by suppression motion-induced vibration by command shaping method.</a> , 1103-1106 (2009).</li><li>Chen, K. S., Yang, T. S., Yin, J. 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저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

낮은 잔류 응력의 Au 막을 증착하고 XEF 2 건조 방출 장치의 성공적인 제조에 결정적 요소이다. 평행 판들 액츄에이터에 비해 정전 프린 징 필드 액추에이터는 비교적 낮은 힘을 제공한다. &gt; 60 MPA는 일반적인 MEMS 박막의 응력은 잠재적으로 EFFA MEMS의 신뢰성을 손상시킬 수 과도하게 높은 구동 전압 발생합니다. 이 때문에 전기 제조법 신중 낮은 BI-축 평균 응력 박막을 수득하는 것을 특징으...

마이크로 전자 기계 시스템 (MEMS)의 기계적 변위를 달성하기 위해 여러 가지 작동 메커니즘을 이용한다. 가장 인기있는 열, 압전, 정 자기 및 정전기입니다. 짧은 전환 시간의 경우, 정전 작동 가장 인기있는 기술 1, 2입니다. 실제로, 비판적으로 댐핑 기계 설계 초기 상승 시간과 정착 시간의 최고의 타협을 제공합니다. DC 바이어스를인가하고 풀다운 전극쪽으로 막을 작동시, 안정화 시간은 아래로 스냅 유전체 코팅 된 작동 전극에 부착되는 막과 같은 심각한 문제가 아니다. 8 - 여러 응용 프로그램은 상기 정전 작동 디자인 3에서 혜택을. 그러나, 유전체 코팅 풀다운 전극의 존재는 유전체 충전 및 스틱 션에 액츄에이터 예민한 만든다. MEMS 막은 U 활용할 수nderdamped 기계 설계는 초기 빠른 상승 시간을 달성하기 위해. 부족 감쇠 기계 설계의 예는 (EFFA) MEMS 작동 정전 언저리 필드이다. 이 토폴로지는 정전 기반 설계 9-20을 괴롭히는 전형적인 고장 메커니즘에 훨씬 적은 취약점을 전시하고있다. 평행 한 대향 전극 및 그에 평행 전기장의 부재는 이러한 MEMS 적절히 &quot;프린 징 필드&quot;작동 (도 1)라고하는 이유이다. EFFA 디자인, 풀다운 전극이 위치하는 측 방향으로 완전하게 장치의 가동과 고정 부분 사이의 오버랩을 없애 이동 막으로 오프셋되어 두 개의 전극들로 분할된다. 그러나, 가동 막 아래로부터 기판을 제거함으로써 상당히 안정 시간을 증가 성분을 감쇠 스퀴즈 필름을 줄인다.도 2b는 STANDAR에 응답하여 정착 시간의 예D 단계 바이어스. 일시, 또는 DC-동적 안정 시간 20-26을 향상하는 데 사용될 수있는 실시간 바이어스인가. 2C 및 2D는 질적 시변 파형 효과적으로 울림을 취소 할 수있는 방법을 도시한다. 이전 연구 노력은 스위칭 시간을 개선하기 위해, 입력 바이어스 전압과 정확한 타이밍을 계산하기 위해 수치 적 방법을 활용한다. 이 연구에있어서, 상기 입력 바이어스 파형 파라미터를 계산하도록 콤팩트 폐쇄 형태 표현들을 사용한다. 또한, 이전의 작품은 평행 판 작동에 초점을 맞추었다. 구조가 부족 감쇠 할 수 있도록 설계되어 있지만, 스퀴즈 필름 댐핑은 여전히​​이 구성에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 이 연구에서 제시된 구동 방법은 프린 징 필드 액츄이다. 이 구성에서 스퀴즈 필름 댐핑이 효과적으로 제거된다. 이것은 MEMS 빔의 기계적 감쇠가 매우 낮은 극단적 인 경우를 나타낸다. 이 논문은 EFFA MEMS 데브을 제조하는 방법에 대해 설명합니다빙과 실험적 파형 개념의 유효성을 검사 할 수있는 측정을 수행합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="746">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:251px;">Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">Catalogue number</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Comments (optional)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Buffered oxide etchant</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>1178</td>
			<td>Silicon dioxide etch, Ti etch</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Acetone</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>5356</td>
			<td>wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Honeywell</td>
			<td>BDH-140</td>
			<td>wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hexamethyldisilizane</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>5797</td>
			<td>adhesion promoter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microposit SC 1827 Positive Photoresist</td>
			<td>Shipley Europe Ltd</td>
			<td>44090</td>
			<td>Pattern, electroplating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Microposit MF-26A developer</td>
			<td>Shipley Europe Ltd</td>
			<td>31200</td>
			<td>Develop SC 1827</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tetramethylammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>334901</td>
			<td>Bulk Si etch</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hydrofluroic acid</td>
			<td>Sciencelab.com</td>
			<td>SLH2227</td>
			<td>Silicon dioxide etch</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sciencelab.com</td>
			<td>SLS2539</td>
			<td>wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>Sciencelab.com</td>
			<td>SLH1552</td>
			<td>Wafer clean</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Transene Sulfite Gold TSG-250</td>
			<td>Transense</td>
			<td>110-TSG-250</td>
			<td>Au electroplating solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Baker PRS-3000 Positive Resist Stripper</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt Baker</td>
			<td>6403</td>
			<td>Photoresist stripper</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Gold etchant type TFA</td>
			<td>Transense</td>
			<td>060-0015000</td>
			<td>Au etch</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

real-time dc-dynamic biasing method for switching time improvement in severely underdamped fringing-field electrostatic mems actuators

기계적으로 부족 감쇠 정전 언저리 필드 MEMS 액추에이터 잘 단위 스텝 입력 바이어스 전압에 응답하여 자신의 고속 스위칭 동작에 공지되어있다. 그러나, 개선 된 스위칭 성능 트레이드 오프는 다양한인가 된 전압에 응답하여 각각의 갭 높이에 도달하는 비교적 긴 안정 시간이다. 과도 바이어스 파형은 높은 기계적 품질 인자 정전 프린 징 필드 MEMS 액추에이터에 대한 스위칭 시간 감소를 용이하게하기 위해 사용된다인가. 낮은 기계적 댐핑 환경이 필요한 프린 징 필드 액츄에이터의 기본 기판을 만듭니다 제거하면 효과적으로 개념을 테스트합니다. 하부 기판의 제거는 또한 스틱 션에 의한 고장에 관해서 장치의 신뢰성 성능에 상당한 향상을 갖는다. DC 바이어스가 동적 안정 시간을 개선하는데 유용하지만, 전형적인 MEMS 장치를위한 필요한 슬 루율 전하 P 공격적인 요구를 게재에 대한 umps는 온 - 칩 디자인을 완벽하게 통합. 또한, 백 - 엔드 - 오브 - 라인 광고 CMOS 처리 단계로, 기판 제거 공정을 통합하는 문제가있을 수있다. 종래의 단계 부세 결과에 비해 제조의 액추에이터 실험 검증은 스위칭 시간에서의 50X 개선을 보여준다. 이론적 인 계산과 비교하여, 실험 결과는 잘 일치하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

그림 4의 설치는 MEMS 교량의 시간 특성에 비해 편향을 캡처하는 데 사용됩니다. 그 연속 측정 모드에서 레이저 도플러 진동계를 이용하여, 정확한 전압 및 시간 매개 변수는 원하는 갭 높이의 최소 빔 진동 발생하는 것으로 할 수있다. 5 60 V 갭 높이에 대응하는 예시적인 빔 편향을 도시 한 도표. 그것은 거의 모든 진동이 제거되어 있는지 알 수있다. 하나의 갭 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators at JoVE.com

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

본질적으로 낮은 스퀴즈 필름 댐핑 조건으로 긴 정착 시간에 프린 징 필드 MEMS 정전 작동기 결과 견고한 장치 설계는 종래의 공정을 사용하여 바이어스 스위칭 동작을 수행 할 때. 간에 전환 할 때 DC-동적 파형과 시간 개선 스위칭 실시간 언저리 필드의 안정화 시간을 감소 MEMS 액추에이터로 다운 - 업 및 다운으로 가동 상태.

실시간 DC-동적 바이어스 방법 심각하게 부족 감쇠 프린 징 필드 정전기 MEMS 엑츄에이터에서 시간 개선을 전환하기위한

Mechanically underdamped electrostatic fringing-field MEMS actuators are well known for their fast switching operation in response to a unit step input ...

real-time-dc-dynamic-biasing-method-for-switching-time-improvement

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

10.2K 조회수.  University of California, Davis.  본질적으로 낮은 스퀴즈 필름 댐핑 조건으로 긴 정착 시간에 프린 징 필드 MEMS 정전 작동기 결과 견고한 장치 설계는 종래의 공정을 사용하여 바이어스 스위칭 동작을 수행 할 때. 간에 전환 할 때 DC-동적 파형과 시간 개선 스위칭 실시간 언저리 필드의 안정화 시간을 감소 MEMS 액추에이터로 다운 - 업 및 다운으로 가동 상태. 

비디오: Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an elastomeric dielectric membrane sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The large actuation strains of these transducers when used as actuators (over 300% area strain) and their soft and compliant nature has been exploited for a wide range of applications, including electrically tunable optics, haptic feedback devices, wave-energy harvesting, deformable cell-culture devices, compliant grippers, and propulsion of a bio-inspired fish-like airship. In most cases, DETs are made with a commercial proprietary acrylic elastomer and with hand-applied electrodes of carbon powder or carbon grease. This combination leads to non-reproducible and slow actuators exhibiting viscoelastic creep and a short lifetime. We present here a complete process flow for the reproducible fabrication of DETs based on thin elastomeric silicone films, including casting of thin silicone membranes, membrane release and prestretching, patterning of robust compliant electrodes, assembly and testing. The membranes are cast on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a water-soluble sacrificial layer for ease of release. The electrodes consist of carbon black particles dispersed into a silicone matrix and patterned using a stamping technique, which leads to precisely-defined compliant electrodes that present a high adhesion to the dielectric membrane on which they are applied.

This manuscript shows the fabrication process for the manufacture of dielectric elastomer soft actuators based on silicone membranes. The three key stages of production are presented in detail: blade casting of thin silicone membranes; pad printing of compliant electrodes; and the assembly of all the components.

실리콘 엘라스토머 계 유전 액츄에이터 제조 공정

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

연구

공학

Compact Lens-less Digital Holographic Microscope for MEMS Inspection and Characterization

A micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) is a widely used component in many industries, including energy, biotechnology, medical, communications, and automotive. However, effective inspection and characterization metrology systems are needed to ensure the functional reliability of MEMS. This study presents a system based on digital holography as a tool for MEMS metrology. Digital holography has gained increasing attention in the past 20 years. With the fast development and decreasing cost of sensor arrays, resolution of such systems has increased broadening potential applications. Thus, it has attracted attention from both research and industry sides as a potential reliable tool for industrial metrology. Indeed, by recording the interference pattern between an object beam (which contains sample height information) and a reference beam on a CCD camera, one can retrieve the quantitative phase information of an object. However, most of digital holographic systems are bulky and thus not easy to implement on industry production lines. The novelty of the system presented is that it is lens-less and thus very compact. In this study, it is shown that the Compact Digital Holographic Microscope (CDHM) can be used to evaluate several characteristics typically consider as criteria in MEMS inspections. The surface profiles of MEMS in both static and dynamic conditions are presented. Comparison with AFM is investigated to validate the accuracy of the CDHM.

We present a compact reflection digital holographic system (CDHM) for inspection and characterization of MEMS devices. A lens-less design using a diverging input wave providing natural geometrical magnification is demonstrated. Both static and dynamic studies are presented.

MEMS 검사 및 특성화를위한 소형 렌즈가없는 디지털 홀로그램 현미경

A micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) is a widely used component in many industries, including energy, biotechnology, medical, communications, and ...

Free-form Light Actuators &#8212; Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials capable of reversible shape-change in response to external stimuli, and have attracted researchers&#39; attention in many fields. Most of the studies focused on macroscopic LCE structures (films, fibers) and their miniaturization is still in its infancy. Recently developed lithography techniques, e.g., mask exposure and replica molding, only allow for creating 2D structures on LCE thin films. Direct laser writing (DLW) opens access to truly 3D fabrication in the microscopic scale. However, controlling the actuation topology and dynamics at the same length scale remains a challenge.
In this paper we report on a method to control the liquid crystal (LC) molecular alignment in the LCE microstructures of arbitrary three-dimensional shape. This was made possible by a combination of direct laser writing for both the LCE structures as well as for micrograting patterns inducing local LC alignment. Several types of grating patterns were used to introduce different LC alignments, which can be subsequently patterned into the LCE structures. This protocol allows one to obtain LCE microstructures with engineered alignments able to perform multiple opto-mechanical actuation, thus being capable of multiple functionalities. Applications can be foreseen in the fields of tunable photonics, micro-robotics, lab-on-chip technology and others.

Free-form Light Actuators &amp;#8212; Fabrication and Control of Actuation in Microscopic Scale

Here, we fabricate 3D polymeric micro/nano structures in which both the shape and the molecular alignment can be engineered with nanometer scale accuracy by the use of direct laser writing. Light induced deformation of several types of liquid crystalline elastomer microstructures can be controlled in the microscopic scale.

자유 형식 등 엑츄에이터 - 현미경 규모의 제조 및 개폐 제어

Liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) are smart materials capable of reversible shape-change in response to external stimuli, and have attracted ...

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems (C-MEMS)

A wide range of carbon sources are available in nature, with a variety of micro-/nanostructure configurations. Here, a novel technique to fabricate long and hollow glassy carbon microfibers derived from human hairs is introduced. The long and hollow carbon structures were made by the pyrolysis of human hair at 900 &#176;C in a N2 atmosphere. The morphology and chemical composition of natural and pyrolyzed human hairs were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively, to estimate the physical and chemical changes due to pyrolysis. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the glassy nature of the carbon microstructures. Pyrolyzed hair carbon was introduced to modify screen-printed carbon electrodes ; the modified electrodes were then applied to the electrochemical sensing of dopamine and ascorbic acid. Sensing performance of the modified sensors was improved as compared to the unmodified sensors. To obtain the desired carbon structure design, carbon micro-/nanoelectromechanical system (C-MEMS/C-NEMS) technology was developed. The most common C-MEMS/C-NEMS fabrication process consists of two steps: (i) the patterning of a carbon-rich base material, such as a photosensitive polymer, using photolithography; and (ii) carbonization through the pyrolysis of the patterned polymer in an oxygen-free environment. The C-MEMS/NEMS process has been widely used to develop microelectronic devices for various applications, including in micro-batteries, supercapacitors, glucose sensors, gas sensors, fuel cells, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Here, recent developments of a high-aspect ratio solid and hollow carbon microstructures with SU8 photoresists are discussed. The structural shrinkage during pyrolysis was investigated using confocal microscopy and SEM. Raman spectroscopy was used to confirm the crystallinity of the structure, and the atomic percentage of the elements present in the material before and after pyrolysis was measured using EDX.

Fabrication of 3D Carbon Microelectromechanical Systems C-MEMS

Long and hollow glassy carbon microfibers were fabricated based on the pyrolysis of a natural product, human hair. The two fabrication steps of carbon microelectromechanical and carbon nanoelectromechanical systems, or C-MEMS and C-NEMS, are: (i) photolithography of a carbon-rich polymer precursor and (ii) pyrolysis of the patterned polymer precursor.

3D 탄소 미세 전자 기계 시스템 (C-MEMS) 제작

A wide range of carbon sources are available in nature, with a variety of micro-/nanostructure configurations. Here, a novel technique to fabricate long ...

Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

Here, we demonstrate the advantages of the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) over conventional techniques (the network analyzer), as well as the techniques to create an application-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) filter and how to use it efficiently (i.e., tuning the tuning-capability and avoiding both failure and stiction). LDV enables crucial measurements that are impossible with the network analyzer, such as higher mode detection (highly sensitive biosensor application) and resonance measurement for very small devices (fast prototyping). Accordingly, LDV was used to characterize the frequency tuning range and resonance frequency at different modes of the MEMS filters built for this study. This wide range frequency tuning mechanism is based simply on Joule heating from the embedded heaters and relatively high thermal stress with respect to the temperature of a fixed-fixed beam. However, we demonstrate that another limitation of this method is the resulting high thermal stress, which can burn the devices. Further improvement was achieved and shown for the first time in this study, such that the tuning capability was increased by 32% through an increase in the applied DC bias voltage (25 V to 35 V) between the two adjacent beams. This important finding eliminates the need for the extra Joule heating at the wider frequency tuning range. Another possible failure is through stiction and requirement of structure optimization: We propose a simple and easy technique of low frequency square wave signal application that can successfully separate the beams and eliminates the need for the more sophisticated and complicated methods given in the literature. The above findings necessitate a design methodology, and so we also provide an application-based design.

A protocol for a fixed-fixed beam design using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), including the measurement of frequency tuning, modification of tuning capability, and avoidance of device failure and stiction, is presented. The superiority of the LDV method over the network analyzer is demonstrated due to its higher mode capability.

설계 및 효율적인 넓은 범위 가변 MEMS 필터 특성 방법론

Here, we demonstrate the advantages of the laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) over conventional techniques (the network analyzer), as well as the techniques ...

Fabrication of Soft Pneumatic Network Actuators with Oblique Chambers

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending deformation and low input. However, their monotonous bending motion form in two-dimensional (2-D) space keeps them away from wide applications. This paper presents a detailed fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers, to explore their motions in three-dimensional (3-D) space. The design of oblique chambers enables actuators with tunable coupled bending and twisting capabilities, which gives them the possibility to move dexterously in flexible manipulators, to become biologically inspired robots and medical devices. The fabrication process is based on the molding method, including the silicone elastomer preparation, chamber and base parts fabrication, actuator assembly, tubing connections, checks for leaks, and actuator repair. The fabrication method guarantees the rapid manufacturing of a series of actuators with only a few modifications in the molds. The test results show the high quality of the actuators and their prominent bending and twisting capabilities. Experiments of the gripper demonstrate the advantages of the development in adapting to objects with different diameters and providing sufficient friction.

Here we present a fabrication method of soft pneumatic network actuators with oblique chambers. The actuators are capable of generating coupled bending and twisting motions, which broadens their application in soft robotics.

오블리크 챔버와 함께 부드러운 공기 네트워크 액츄에이터의 제작

Soft pneumatic network actuators have become one of the most promising actuation devices in soft robotics which benefits from their large bending ...

Optimized Sealing Process and Real-Time Monitoring of Glass-to-Metal Seal Structures

Residual stress is an essential factor to keeping the hermeticity and robustness of a glass-to-metal seal structure. The purpose of this report is to demonstrate a novel protocol to characterize and measure residual stress in a glass-to-metal seal structure without destroying the insulation and hermeticity of sealing materials. In this research, a femto-laser inscribed fiber Bragg grating sensor is used. The glass-to-metal seal structure that is measured consists of a metal shell, sealing glass, and Kovar conductor. To make the measurements worthwhile, the specific heat treatment of metal-to-glass seal (MTGS) structure is explored to obtain the model with best hermeticity. Then, the FBG sensor is embedded into the path of sealing glass and becomes well-fused with the glass as the temperature cools to RT. The Bragg wavelength of FBG shifts with the residual stress generated in sealing the glass. To calculate the residual stress, the relationship between Bragg wavelength shift and strain is applied, and the finite element method is also used to make the results reliable. The online monitoring experiments of residual stress in sealing glass are carried out at different loads, such as high temperature and high pressure, to broaden functions of this protocol in harsh environments.

Key procedures to optimize the sealing process and achieve real-time monitoring of the metal-to-glass seal (MTGS) structure are described in detail. The embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is designed to achieve online monitoring of temperature and high-level residual stress in the MTGS with simultaneous environmental pressure monitoring.

최적화된 밀봉 공정 및 유리-금속 씰 구조의 실시간 모니터링

Residual stress is an essential factor to keeping the hermeticity and robustness of a glass-to-metal seal structure. The purpose of this report is to ...

Rapid Manufacturing of Thin Soft Pneumatic Actuators and Robots

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with an ultrathin form factor using a heat press and a laser cutter machine. The method starts with the lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets using a heat press for 10 min at the temperature of ~93 &#176;C. Next, the parameters of the laser cutter machine are optimized to produce a rectangular balloon with maximum burst pressure. Using the optimized parameters, the soft actuators are laser cut/welded three times sequentially. Next, a dispensing needle is attached to the actuator, allowing it to be inflated. The effect of geometrical parameters on the deflection of the actuator are studied systematically by varying the channel width and length. Finally, the performance of the actuator is characterized using an optical camera and a fluid dispenser. Conventional fabrication methods of soft pneumatic actuators based on silicone molding are time consuming (several hours). They also result in strong but bulky actuators, which limits the actuator&#8217;s applications. Moreover, microfabrication of thin pneumatic actuators is both time-consuming and expensive. The proposed manufacturing method in the current work resolves these issues by introducing a fast, simple, and cost-effective fabrication method of ultrathin pneumatic actuators.

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with a thin form factor. The fabrication method starts with lamination of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) sheets followed by laser cutting/welding of a two-dimensional pattern to form actuators and robots.

얇은 연공압 액추에이터 및 로봇의 신속한 제조

This protocol describes a method for rapid manufacturing of soft pneumatic actuators and robots with an ultrathin form factor using a heat press and a ...

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Resistive switching crossbar architecture is highly desired in the field of digital memories due to low cost and high-density benefits. Different materials show variability in resistive switching properties due to the intrinsic nature of the material used, leading to discrepancies in the field because of underlying operation mechanisms. This highlights a need for a reliable technique to understand mechanisms using nanostructural observations. This protocol explains a detailed process and methodology of in&#160;situ nanostructural analysis as a result of electrical biasing using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It provides visual and reliable evidence of underlying nanostructural changes in real time memory operations. Also included is the methodology of fabrication and electrical characterizations for asymmetric crossbar structures incorporating amorphous vanadium oxide. The protocol explained here for vanadium oxide films can be easily extended to any other materials in a metal-dielectric-metal sandwiched structure. Resistive switching crossbars are predicted to serve the programmable logic and neuromorphic circuits for next-generation memory devices, given the understanding of the operation mechanisms. This protocol reveals the switching mechanism in a reliable, timely, and cost-effective way in any type of resistive switching materials, and thereby predicts the device&#39;s applicability.

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Presented here is a protocol for analyzing nanostructural changes during in&#160;situ biasing with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for a stacked metal-insulator-metal structure. It has significant applications in resistive switching crossbars for the next generation of programmable logic circuits and neuromimicking hardware, to reveal their underlying operation mechanisms and practical applicability.

혼합 위상 a-VOx에 따라 비대칭 크로스바의 바이어스 및 제조와 시투 전송 전자 현미경 검사법

Resistive switching crossbar architecture is highly desired in the field of digital memories due to low cost and high-density benefits. Different ...

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Ionic electromechanically active capacitive laminates are a type of smart material that move in response to electrical stimulation. Due to the soft, compliant and biomimetic nature of this deformation, actuators made of the laminate have received increasing interest in soft robotics and (bio)medical applications. However, methods to easily fabricate the active material in large (even industrial) quantities and with a high batch-to-batch and within-batch repeatability are needed to transfer the knowledge from laboratory to industry. This protocol describes a simple, industrially scalable and reproducible method for the fabrication of ionic carbon-based electromechanically active capacitive laminates and the preparation of actuators made thereof. The inclusion of a passive and chemically inert (insoluble) middle layer (e.g., a textile-reinforced polymer network or microporous Teflon) distinguishes the method from others. The protocol is divided into five steps: membrane preparation, electrode preparation, current collector attachment, cutting and shaping, and actuation. Following the protocol results in an active material that can, for example, compliantly grasp and hold a randomly shaped object as demonstrated in the article.

This article describes a fast and simple manufacturing process of ionic electromechanically active composite materials for actuators in biomedical, biomimetic and soft robotics applications. The key fabrication steps, their importance for the actuators&#39; final properties, and some of the main characterization techniques are described in detail.

탄소 기반 이온 전기 기계적 활성 연액추에이터 제작

Ionic electromechanically active capacitive laminates are a type of smart material that move in response to electrical stimulation. Due to the soft, ...