The present study was supported by grants from Kidney Research UK (ST4/2011), the Cunningham Trust (CT11/14) and the Mrs EA Hogg's Charitable Trust.

NOTE: Animal experiments were performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations imposed by the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Procedures were conducted using sterile (autoclaved) surgical instruments and consumables. Whilst the murine model of renal IRI presented here was performed on an 8-week-old male Balb/c mouse it can be reproducibly performed on a variety of murine strains of either gender typically aged between 7 &#8211; 15 weeks, with the optimum age being 8 weeks. The data presented in the r...

<ol>
	<li>Kinsey, G. R., Li, L., Okusa, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+in+acute+kidney+injury.">Inflammation in acute kidney injury.</a> Nephron Exp Nephrol. 109, (2008).</li><li>Wei, Q., Dong, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+model+of+ischemic+acute+kidney+injury:+technical+notes+and+tricks.">Mouse model of ischemic acute kidney injury: technical notes and tricks.</a> Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 303, (2012).</li><li>Ferenbach, D. A., Kluth, D. C., Hughes, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemeoxygenase-1+and+renal+ischaemia-reperfusion+injury.">Hemeoxygenase-1 and renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury.</a> Nephron Exp Nephrol. 115, (2010).</li><li>Ferenbach, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+induction+of+macrophage+hemeoxygenase-1+is+protective+during+acute+kidney+injury+in+aging+mice.">The induction of macrophage hemeoxygenase-1 is protective during acute kidney injury in aging mice.</a> Kidney Int. 79, 966-976 (2011).</li><li>Ferenbach, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage/monocyte+depletion+by+clodronate,+but+not+diphtheria+toxin,+improves+renal+ischemia/reperfusion+injury+in+mice.">Macrophage/monocyte depletion by clodronate, but not diphtheria toxin, improves renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice.</a> Kidney Int. 82, 928-933 (2012).</li><li>Ferenbach, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+expressing+heme+oxygenase-1+improve+renal+function+in+ischemia/reperfusion+injury.">Macrophages expressing heme oxygenase-1 improve renal function in ischemia/reperfusion injury.</a> Mol Ther. 18, 1706-1713 (2010).</li><li>Keppler, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+creatinine+determination+in+mice+and+rats:+an+enzymatic+method+compares+favorably+with+a+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+assay.">Plasma creatinine determination in mice and rats: an enzymatic method compares favorably with a high-performance liquid chromatography assay.</a> Kidney Int. 71, 74-78 (2007).</li><li>Vinuesa, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage+involvement+in+the+kidney+repair+phase+after+ischaemia/reperfusion+injury.">Macrophage involvement in the kidney repair phase after ischaemia/reperfusion injury.</a> J Pathol. 214, 104-113 (2008).</li><li>Friedewald, J. 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The authors have no competing or conflicting interests to disclose.

Renal IRI is an important cause of AKI with no specific treatment available. The experimental study of renal IRI has been highly informative with previous work demonstrating the role of macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, regulatory T-cells as well as other cells and mediators in the induction of both the acute injury and healing phase5,8-16. In addition, experimental renal IRI has been used to assess the effect of various therapeutic agents4,17-19.
The model of re...

Ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common mode of injury for multiple organs including the kidney, heart and brain. Renal IRI may lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and no specific treatment is available. AKI as a result of IRI has a complicated pathogenesis involving both the innate and adaptive immune response1. An experimental model of renal IRI offers the potential to dissect the key cells and mediators involved in the pathogenesis of AKI as well as the subsequent renal regeneration that ensues over subsequent days. Furthermore the effects of novel therapeutic agents upon disease processes can be assessed.
The overall goal of the experimental model of renal IRI described here is to induce both acute functional and structural kidney injury. Some investigators have utilized a model that involves the induction of bilateral IRI2. Although the bilateral renal IRI model is of use, the unilateral renal IRI model has the advantage of a right nephrectomy being undertaken at the time of surgery. The right nephrectomy tissue serves as valuable control tissue in studies involving a pretreatment step that either induces or suppresses the expression of a gene or protein. For example, we have used this model to assess the preconditioning effects of heme arginate (HA) injection 24 hours before renal IRI3. The successful induction of the cytoprotective enzyme heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by HA before IRI was confirmed in the right nephrectomy control tissue4. HA reduced renal IRI in aged mice in part via an HO-1 dependent mechanism. Similarly, we have used the model in macrophage depletion studies to examine the role of macrophages in renal IRI5. Immunohistochemical analysis of the right nephrectomy tissue can be used to confirm the efficacy of the ablation methodology. The right nephrectomy tissue can therefore be used to both confirm and quantify the level of induction or inhibition of the molecule of interest in each individual experimental animal. This model will be of interest to researchers who are using drugs or other compounds to modulate the expression of genes or proteins etc. prior to the induction of renal IRI.
Other studies have used flank incisions to access the kidneys. The model described here uses a single midline abdominal surgery to perform both the right nephrectomy and induce ischaemia reperfusion of the left kidney. This surgical approach provides excellent visualization of the surgical field including the renal pedicles and color changes that follow renal pedicle clamping. Our published experience with the model4-6 indicates that mice quickly recover from the surgery with a near 100% survival rate.
Lastly, kinetic analysis of the model over a period of 7 days indicates that this model exhibits restoration of both renal function and tubular integrity, with significant tubular cell proliferation.

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renal ischaemia reperfusion injury: a mouse model of injury and regeneration

Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and occlusion of renal blood flow is unavoidable during renal transplantation. Experimental models that accurately and reproducibly recapitulate renal IRI are crucial in dissecting the pathophysiology of AKI and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Presented here is a mouse model of renal IRI that results in reproducible AKI. This is achieved by a midline laparotomy approach for the surgery with one incision allowing both a right nephrectomy that provides control tissue and clamping of the left renal pedicle to induce ischaemia of the left kidney. By careful monitoring of the clamp position and body temperature during the period of ischaemia this model achieves reproducible functional and structural injury. Mice sacrificed 24 hr&#160;following surgery demonstrate loss of renal function with elevation of the serum or plasma creatinine level as well as structural kidney damage with acute tubular necrosis evident. Renal function improves and the acute tissue injury resolves during the course of 7 days following renal IRI such that this model may be used to study renal regeneration. This model of renal IRI has been utilized to study the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of AKI as well as analysis of the subsequent renal regeneration.

Tubular injury and recovery may be assessed by H&#38;E or PAS staining of tissue sections following renal IRI. Tubules located within the OSOM are classified as healthy, injured, necrotic or recovering according to cell morphology, integrity and nuclei number (Figure 1). The functional and structural injury in this model is dependent upon the duration of ischaemia. A progressive increase in the severity of renal dysfunction, assessed by plasma creatinine and BUN, is evident as the duration of ischaemia i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration at JoVE.com

Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration

The mouse model of renal ischaemia reperfusion injury described here comprises of a right nephrectomy that provides control tissue and clamping of the left renal pedicle to induce ischaemia that results in acute kidney injury. This model uses a midline laparotomy approach with all steps performed via one incision.

Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and occlusion of renal blood flow is unavoidable ...

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49.1K 조회수.  University of Edinburgh. The mouse model of renal ischaemia reperfusion injury described here comprises of a right nephrectomy that provides control tissue and clamping of the left renal pedicle to induce ischaemia that results in acute kidney injury. This model uses a midline laparotomy approach with all steps performed via one incision.