Name: isolation and quantitative immunocytochemical characterization of primary myogenic cells and fibroblasts from human skeletal muscle
Uploaded: 2015-01-12T13:15:00.000+00:00
Duration: 11 min 22 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle at JoVE.com

The authors wish to thank Carl Hobbs and Lindsey Majoram for their technical assistance, and Professor Pat Doherty for use of microscopy facilities. Dr. Agley was supported by a studentship from King&#8217;s College London. Funding from the Spurrell Trust is also acknowledged.

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

우리는 근육 생검 재료의 작은 샘플에서 인간의 근육 유래 전구 물질의 선택적 농축에 대한 immunomagentic 정렬 절차를 설명했다. 이 기술은 섬유 아세포에 인간의 근육에서 파생 된 문화의 손실을 극복하기 위해 우리 실험실에서 매우 귀중뿐만 아니라 근육 유래 전구 세포의 고유 한 인구의 독특한 행동을 이해했다. 일단 정제 된 근육 조직 세포는 단백질 및 / 또는 유전자 발현의 변화를 조사 또는 ?...

골격근의 수선과 재생은 위성 셀 1, 근육 조직 줄기 세포 2,3-.의 작업이 필요한 생체 이들 세포는 모든 myofibre의 sarcolemma 및 기저판 사이에 가역적으로 정지 상태로 존재하지만, 증식 활성화 될, 퓨즈 및 근육 조직으로 분화가 손상 수리 (3)를 다시 생성됩니다. 위성 세포는 소화 효소 (4)를 사용하는 젊은 노인 인간의 근육 생검 샘플과 근육 조직 특성에서 분리 될 수는 이후 차 문화 (5)에서 공부하실 수 있습니다. 세포 집단 모두 수율 및 순도에 따른 본 분리 공정의 효율은 사용 된 방법에 따라 샘플들과 다를 수있다. 소화 효소에 의한 두 가지 종류의 세포 부착은 CD56 + / 최근 desmin 세포, 및 MU 당초 식별 위성 세포 (이제 지칭 근원 성 근육 세포 또는 전구 세포), 아르scle 유래 CD56으로 식별 섬유 아세포, - 그리고 TE7 + 셀 (5). 섬유 아 세포는 빠른 증식 속도를 가지고 있으며, 근원 세포와 같은 세포 - 세포 접촉시 돌이킬 수없는 성장 정지 및 터미널 차별화를받지 않는다 따라서 혼합 된 인구에, 섬유 아세포 문화를 지배하는 근육 조직 세포를 오버런 수 있습니다. 섬유 아세포는 종종 있지만, 자신의 권리 연구의 가치 세포와 같은 섬유 아세포에 대한 관심은 그들이 근육 수리 (6) 동안 근육 조직 세포와 협력 역할을하는 것으로 나타났다 특히로서, 지금이, 근육 생물학에 대한 자극으로 간주되어왔다 . 인간 근육 상이한 세포 유형의 분리 및 정제 배양 따라서 두 세포 유형의 타고난 거동을 조사하려고 방법론 중요한 고려 사항이다. 형광 활성화 세포 분류 (FACS)는 세포를 추후 연구 정렬 할 수있는 방법 및 / 또는 계산 및분석 하였다. FACS 확실 인간 근원 성 세포를 풍부하게 도시되었지만, 후속 배양을위한 세포의 수율이 높은 7 지금까지 없었다. 이러한 노화 4와 관련된 위성 세포 유래 근육 조직 세포와 매우 가난한 증식과 분화와 같은 체세포의 제한된 복제 가능성을 감안할 때, 더 부드러운 접근이 필요하다. 단일 근육 섬유의 문화는 또 다른, 덜 공격적, 자신의 sublaminal 틈새와 문화 8,9에서의 활성화 후 여전히 상주 쥐의 위성 세포를 얻는 수단 제공합니다. 그러나,이 기술은 인간의 근육 유래 세포 연구에 관심이 많은 연구소에 액세스 할 수 없습니다 것을 의미한다 (섬유가 거의 건에 건에서 얻을 수 없으므로) 인간의 근육 생검 재료에서 가능하지 않은 경우가 종종있다. 또한, 단일 섬유 기술은 매우 제한된 세포 수를 제공합니다. 여기에서 우리는 세대에 따라 정렬 시스템을 설명TLE 효소 콜라게나 제를 사용하여 세포의 소화는 자기 활성화 된 셀의 두 개의 연속 라운드 분류 고순도 (&gt; 95 %, 근원 세포) 및 수율 (~를 모두 제공 (MACS) 다음 디스 파제 2.8 × 10 6 ± 8.87 × 10 5 세포 / 문화 실험 g 조직). CD56은 동일계 10 및 11에서 인간 체외 위성 세포의 식별을위한 표준 금 표면 마커 간주 비드 부착 이상적인 표면 마커 후보를 제공한다. 이 방법에서는 CD56 항체는 산화철 및 폴리 사카 라이드 - 함유 상자성 비드 강한 자계 (12, 13)에 배치 된 고 구배 자기 세포 분리 컬럼을 통해 세포에 결합 및 통과에 접합된다. 분리 컬럼은 강한 자계 구배 (~ 4tesla)을 생성하는 그 표면을 향해 자력선을 집중시키는 역할을 강자성 스틸 울 또는 철 분야의 행렬로 채워진다 14. 이 컬럼에서 조금이라도 자기 세포는 매력과 표면 (14)에 흡착. 언 바운드 (CD56 -) 자기 마이크로 비드으로 표시 CD56 + 세포가 자기장 12,15에서 제거 될 때까지 유지되는 반면 세포는 칼럼을 통해 전달합니다. 선별 과정의 어느 단계에서 세포 현탁액은 상기 실험을 위해서, 원하는 밀도로 도금 될 수있다. 세포 성분은 면역 세포 화학을 사용하여 식별 될 수 주어진 개입 이어 넓은 필드 또는 공 초점 형광 현미경을 이용하여 묘화하고 주어진 이미지의 모든 표지화 된 세포의 신속한 대물 측정이 가능 화상 해석 방법을 이용하여 정량적으로 분석 하였다. 근육 조직 세포 반면, 인간의 섬유 아세포가 쉽게 지방 세포에 transdifferentiate - 우리의 실험실에서 우리는 CD56을 설명하기 위해 영상 분석 (16) 다음이 이중 면역 자기 정렬 방식을 사용했다위성 기원의이 지방 세포 변환 5 뛰어납니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Collagenase&amp;nbsp; D</td><td>Roche&amp;nbsp;</td><td>11088866001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dispase II</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D4693-1G</td><td>Must be filter sterilized before use</td></tr><tr><td>Trypsin/EDTA</td><td>(Gibco) Invitrogen</td><td>15400-054</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100 &amp;#956;m cell strainer</td><td>BD Biosciences</td><td>352360</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagen solution ( 3 mg/ml in 0.1% acetic acid)</td><td>Sigma, Dorset, UK</td><td>C8919&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Minisart SRP15 syringe filter (0.2 &amp;#956;m)</td><td>Sartorius</td><td>17573ACK</td><td>Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) membrane</td></tr><tr><td>CD56 human Microbeads</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-050-401</td><td>Be aware of the limited shelf life of microbeads</td></tr><tr><td>Anti- fibroblast Microbeads, human</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-050-601</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40 &amp;mu;m Pre-separation filters</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-041-407</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Large Cell Collumns</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-042-202</td><td>These columns come with a flow resistor. Use of the flow resistor is not necessary to obtain the high myogenic purities described here.</td></tr><tr><td>LS columns&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-042-401</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MiniMacs Seperator</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-042-102</td><td>This separator fits the large cell column but not the LS column.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>MidiMACS</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech&amp;nbsp;</td><td>130-042-302</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MACS multistand</td><td>Miltenyi Biotech</td><td>130-042-303</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Sigma</td><td></td><td>Must be filter sterilized before use</td></tr><tr><td>Oil Red O</td><td>Sigma</td><td>O0625</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triethyl phosphate</td><td>Sigma</td><td>538728</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Whatman Paper</td><td>Sigma</td><td>Z241121-1PAK</td><td>No. 42, Ashless. To prepare the filter fold the circular filter paper to make a semi circle, then fold the semi-circle in half again to form a cone shape. Fit the cone into a funnel for filtering.&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>ProLong Gold Antifade Reagent</td><td>Molecular Probes, Invitrogen</td><td>P36930</td><td>This can be purchased with or without DAPI and does not quench initial fluorescence.</td></tr><tr><td>AxioVision</td><td>Carl Zeiss</td><td>Contact Zeiss</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended</td><td>Adobe (purchased from Pugh Computers)</td><td>ADPH16982*&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation and quantitative immunocytochemical characterization of primary myogenic cells and fibroblasts from human skeletal muscle

수리 및 골격 근육의 재생은 상주 근육 줄기 세포 인 위성 세포의 작용을 필요로한다. 이러한 문화에서 공부 인간의 근육 생검 소화 효소를 사용하여 샘​​플과 근육 조직 특성에서 분리 할 수​​ 있습니다. 정량적으로, 소화 효소에 의한 두 가지 점착성 세포 유형이있다 : (ⅰ) 위성 CD56 +로서 처음 확인 된 세포 (이라, 근원 세포 또는 근육 전구체 세포), 및 나중에 CD56 + / 최근 desmin + 세포와 같은 (II) muscle- 과 TE-7 + - CD56으로 식별 파생 섬유 아세포. 섬유 아세포 문화에 매우 효율적으로 증식 및 혼합 세포 집단에서 이러한 세포는 문화를 지배하는 근육 조직 세포를 오버런 수 있습니다. 인간 근육 상이한 세포 유형의 분리 및 정제 따라서 배양 중 세포 유형의 타고난 거동을 조사하려고 방법론 중요한 고려 사항이다. 여기에서 우리는 DESCR모두 고순도 (&gt; 95 %, 근원 세포)과 좋은 수율 (~을주는 콜라겐을 사용하여 세포의 부드러운 소화 효소에 따라 정렬 및 자기 활성화 된 셀 정렬 (MACS) 다음 디스 파제의 시스템을 IBE 2.8 × 10 6 ± 8.87 문화 실험에 대한 시험 관내 7 일) 후 × 10 5 세포 / g 조직. 이 방법은 CD56에 대한 항체에 접합 된 마이크로 비드, 자기 비드와 혼합 된 근육 유래 세포 집단을 배양하고 자기장 비록 세포 전달에 기초한다. 마이크로 비드에 결합 된 CD56 + 세포는 CD56 반면 ​​필드에 의해 유지됩니다 - 세포는 칼럼을 통해 방해받지 않고 전달합니다. 선별 과정의 어느 단계에서 세포 현탁액을 도금하여 배양 할 수있다. 주어진 개입, 세포 형태 및 식 핵 전사 인자를 포함한 단백질의 위치 파악을 수행하면 특정 항체 및 화상 (p)과 면역 형광 표지를 사용하여 정량화 할 수있다세 싱 및 분석 패키지.

정제 된 근육 조직 세포와 섬유 아세포는 지방 조직에 대한 자신의 잠재력을 평가하기 위해 어디 7-30 사이의 일에서 지방 세포 영양 매체 다음 사흘 동안 지방 세포 분화 배지에서 배양 할 수있다. 정제 된 세포 집단을 사용하여, 지방 세포와 근육 조직 계보 마커에 대한 면역 염색과 함께 오일 레드 O 염색은 섬유 아세포 비율이 지방 세포 분화 (그림 2) 할 수있는 것으로 나타났다. 섬?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle at JoVE.com

Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

The main adherent cell types derived from human muscle are myogenic cells and fibroblasts. Here, cell populations are enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on the CD56 antigen. Subsequent immunolabelling with specific antibodies and use of image analysis techniques allows quantification of cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics in individual cells.

인간의 골격근에서 기본 근육 조직 세포와 섬유 아 세포의 분리 및 정량 면역 세포 화학 특성

The repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the action of satellite cells, which are the resident muscle stem cells. These can be isolated ...

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Developmental Biology

15.9K 조회수.  King's College London. The main adherent cell types derived from human muscle are myogenic cells and fibroblasts. Here, cell populations are enriched using magnetic-activated cell sorting based on the CD56 antigen. Subsequent immunolabelling with specific antibodies and use of image analysis techniques allows quantification of cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics in individual cells. 

비디오: Isolation and Quantitative Immunocytochemical Characterization of Primary Myogenic Cells and Fibroblasts from Human Skeletal Muscle

Preparation and Culture of Myogenic Precursor Cells/Primary Myoblasts from Skeletal Muscle of Adult and Aged Humans

Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on muscle growth (hypertrophy), atrophy and regeneration. During ageing and in several diseases, muscle wasting occurs. Loss of muscle mass and function is associated with muscle fiber type atrophy, fiber type switching, defective muscle regeneration associated with dysfunction of satellite cells, muscle stem cells, and other pathophysiological processes. These changes are associated with changes in intracellular as well as local and systemic niches. In addition to most commonly used rodent models of muscle ageing, there is a need to study muscle homeostasis and wasting using human models, which due to ethical implications, consist predominantly of in vitro cultures. Despite the wide use of human Myogenic Progenitor Cells (MPCs) and primary myoblasts in myogenesis, there is limited data on using human primary myoblast and myotube cultures to study molecular mechanisms regulating different aspects of age-associated muscle wasting, aiding in the validation of mechanisms of ageing proposed in rodent muscle. The use of human MPCs, primary myoblasts and myotubes isolated from adult and aged people, provides a physiologically relevant model of molecular mechanisms of processes associated with muscle growth, atrophy and regeneration. Here we describe in detail a robust, inexpensive, reproducible and efficient protocol for the isolation and maintenance of human MPCs&#160;and their progeny&#160;&#8212; myoblasts and myotubes from human muscle samples using enzymatic digestion. Furthermore, we have determined the passage number at which primary myoblasts from adult and aged people undergo senescence in an in vitro culture. Finally, we show the ability to transfect these myoblasts and the ability to characterize their proliferative and differentiation capacity and propose their suitability for performing functional studies of molecular mechanisms of myogenesis and muscle wasting in vitro.

This protocol describes a robust, reproducible and simple method of isolation and culture of myoblast progenitor cells from the skeletal muscle of adult and aged people. The muscles used here include foot and leg muscles. This approach enables the isolation of an enriched population of primary myoblasts for functional studies.

성인 및 노인 인간의 골격 근육에서 근육 조직 전구체 세포 / 차 근육 아세포의 준비 및 문화

Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on muscle growth (hypertrophy), atrophy and regeneration. During ageing and in several diseases, muscle wasting ...

연구

발생학

Isolation of Human Myoblasts, Assessment of Myogenic Differentiation, and Store-operated Calcium Entry Measurement

Satellite cells (SC) are muscle stem cells located between the plasma membrane of muscle fibers and the surrounding basal lamina. They are essential for muscle regeneration. Upon injury, which occurs frequently in skeletal muscles, SCs are activated. They proliferate as myoblasts and differentiate to repair muscle lesions. Among many events that take place during muscle differentiation, cytosolic Ca2+ signals are of great importance. These Ca2+ signals arise from Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores, as well as from Ca2+ entry from the extracellular space, particularly the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). This paper describes a methodology used to obtain a pure population of human myoblasts from muscle samples collected after orthopedic surgery. The tissue is mechanically and enzymatically digested, and the cells are amplified and then sorted by flow cytometry according to the presence of specific membrane markers. Once obtained, human myoblasts are expanded and committed to differentiate by removing growth factors from the culture medium. The expression levels of specific transcription factors and in vitro immunofluorescence are used to assess the myogenic differentiation process in control conditions and after silencing proteins involved in Ca2+ signaling. Finally, we detail the use of Fura-2 as a ratiometric Ca2+ probe that provides reliable and reproducible measurements of SOCE.

Here, we describe a methodology to obtain a pure population of human myoblasts from adult muscle tissue. These cells are used to study in vitro skeletal muscle differentiation and, in particular, to study proteins involved in Ca2+ signaling.

인간의 Myoblast의 분리, Myogenic 분화의 평가 및 저장 운영 칼슘 항목 측정

Satellite cells (SC) are muscle stem cells located between the plasma membrane of muscle fibers and the surrounding basal lamina. They are essential for ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Primary Myoblasts from Mouse Skeletal Muscle Explants

Primary myoblasts are undifferentiated proliferating precursors of skeletal muscle. They can be cultured and studied as muscle precursors or induced to differentiate into later stages of muscle development. The protocol provided here describes a robust method for the isolation and culture of a highly proliferative population of myoblast cells from young adult mouse skeletal muscle explants. These cells are useful for the study of the metabolic properties of skeletal muscle of different mouse models, as well as in other downstream applications such as transfection with exogenous DNA or transduction with viral expression vectors. The level of differentiation and metabolic profile of these cells depends on the length of exposure, and composition of the media used to induce myoblast differentiation. These methods provide a robust system for the study of mouse muscle cell metabolism ex vivo. Importantly, unlike in vivo models, the methods described here provide a cell population that can be expanded and studied with high levels of reproducibility.

Myoblasts are proliferating precursor cells that differentiate to form polynucleated myotubes and eventually skeletal muscle myofibers. Here, we present a protocol for efficient isolation and culture of primary myoblasts from young adult mouse skeletal muscles. The method enables molecular, genetic, and metabolic studies of muscle cells in culture.

마우스 골격 근 이식에서 기본 근구의 격리 및 분화

Primary myoblasts are undifferentiated proliferating precursors of skeletal muscle. They can be cultured and studied as muscle precursors or induced to ...

Isolation and Immortalization of Patient-derived Cell Lines from Muscle Biopsy for Disease Modeling

The generation of patient-specific cell lines represents an invaluable tool for diagnostic or translational research, and these cells can be collected from skin or muscle biopsy tissue available during the patient&#8217;s diagnostic workup. In this protocol, we describe a technique for live cell isolation from small amounts of muscle or skin tissue for primary cell culture. Additionally, we provide a technique for the immortalization of myogenic cell lines and fibroblast cell lines from primary cells. Once cell lines are immortalized, substantial expansion of patient-derived cells can be achieved. Immortalized cells are amenable to many downstream applications, including drug screening and in vitro correction of the genetic mutation. Altogether, these protocols provide a reliable tool to generate and preserve patient-derived cells for downstream applications.

This protocol describes techniques for live cell isolation and primary culture of myogenic and fibroblast cell lines from muscle or skin tissue. A technique for the immortalization of these cell lines is also described. Altogether, these protocols provide a reliable tool to generate and preserve patient-derived cells for downstream applications.

질병 모델링을위한 근육 조직 검사에서 환자 유래 세포주의 분리 및 멸화

The generation of patient-specific cell lines represents an invaluable tool for diagnostic or translational research, and these cells can be collected ...

의학

Isolation and Culture of Individual Myofibers and their Satellite Cells from Adult Skeletal Muscle

Muscle regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite cells. Satellite cells are defined by their position between the basal lamina and the sarcolemma of each myofiber. Current knowledge of their behavior heavily relies on the use of the single myofiber isolation protocol. In 1985, Bischoff described a protocol to isolate single live fibers from the Flexor Digitorum Brevis (FDB) of adult rats with the goal to create an in vitro system in which the physical association between the myofiber and its stem cells is preserved 1. In 1995, Rosenblattmodified the Bischoff protocol such that myofibers are singly picked and handled separately after collagenase digestion instead of being isolated by gravity sedimentation 2, 3. The Rosenblatt or Bischoff protocol has since been adapted to different muscles, age or conditions 3-6. The single myofiber isolation technique is an indispensable tool due its unique advantages. First, in the single myofiber protocol, satellite cells are maintained beneath the basal lamina. This is a unique feature of the protocol as other techniques such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting require chemical and mechanical tissue dissociation 7. Although the myofiber culture system cannot substitute for in vivo studies, it does offer an excellent platform to address relevant biological properties of muscle stem cells. Single myofibers can be cultured in standard plating conditions or in floating conditions. Satellite cells on floating myofibers are subjected to virtually no other influence than the myofiber environment. Substrate stiffness and coating have been shown to influence satellite cells' ability to regenerate muscles 8, 9 so being able to control each of these factors independently allows discrimination between niche-dependent and -independent responses. Different concentrations of serum have also been shown to have an effect on the transition from quiescence to activation. To preserve the quiescence state of its associated satellite cells, fibers should be kept in low serum medium 1-3. This is particularly useful when studying genes involved in the quiescence state. In serum rich medium, satellite cells quickly activate, proliferate, migrate and differentiate, thus mimicking the in vivo regenerative process 1-3. The system can be used to perform a variety of assays such as the testing of chemical inhibitors; ectopic expression of genes by virus delivery; oligonucleotide based gene knock-down or live imaging. This video article describes the protocol currently used in our laboratory to isolate single myofibers from the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle of adult mice (6-8 weeks old).

Isolation and culture of myofibers is the gold standard in vitro system to study the transition of satellite cells through quiescence, activation and differentiation. Importantly, the single myofiber culture system preserves the myofiber/stem cell association, which is an essential component of the muscle stem cell niche.

성인 골격근의 개인 Myofibers 및 위성 세포의 분리와 문화

Muscle  regeneration in the adult is performed by resident stem cells called satellite  cells. Satellite cells are defined by  their position between the ...

생물학

Isolation of Primary Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Colon Tissue

The myofibroblast is a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining considerable attention for its critical role in many GI functions. While several myofibroblast cell lines are commercially available to study these cells in vitro, research results from a cell line exposed to experimental cell culture conditions have inherent limitations due to the overly reductionist nature of the work. Use of primary myofibroblasts offers a great advantage in terms of confirming experimental findings identified in a cell line. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from an animal model allows for the study of myofibroblasts under conditions that more closely mimic the disease state being studied. Isolation of primary myofibroblasts from human colon tissue provides arguably the most relevant experimental data, since the cells come directly from patients with the underlying disease. We describe a well-established technique that can be utilized to isolate primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue. These isolated cells have been characterized to be alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin-positive, and desmin-negative, consistent with subepithelial intestinal myofibroblasts. Primary myofibroblast cells can be grown in cell culture and used for experimental purposes over a limited number of passages.

The myofibroblast is an influential stromal cell of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates important physiologic processes in both normal and disease states. We describe a technique that allows for the isolation of primary myofibroblasts from both mouse and human colon tissue, which can be utilized for in vitro experimentation.

마우스와 인간의 대장 조직에서 주요 근육 섬유 모세포의 분리

The myofibroblast is  a stromal cell of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that has been gaining  considerable attention for its critical role in many GI ...

Single Myofiber Isolation and Culture from a Murine Model of Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy in Early Post-Natal Development

Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the A-type nuclear lamins, intermediate filament proteins that sustain the nuclear envelope and the components of the nucleoplasm. We recently reported that muscle wasting in EDMD can be ascribed to intrinsic epigenetic dysfunctions affecting muscle (satellite) stem cells regenerative capacity. Isolation and culture of single myofibers is one of the most physiological ex-vivo approaches to monitor satellite cells behavior within their niche, as they remain between the basal lamina surrounding the fiber and the sarcolemma. Therefore, it represents an invaluable experimental paradigm to study satellite cells from a variety of murine models. Here, we describe a re-adapted method to isolate intact and viable single myofibers from post-natal hindlimb muscles (Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Gastrocnemius and Soleus). Following this protocol, we were able to study satellite cells from Lamin &#916;8-11 -/- mice, a severe EDMD murine model, at only 19 days after birth.
We detail the isolation procedure, as well as the culture conditions for obtaining a good amount of myofibers and their associated satellite-cells-derived progeny. When cultured in growth-factors rich medium, satellite cells derived from wild type mice activate, proliferate, and eventually differentiate or undergo self-renewal. In homozygous Lamin &#916;8-11 -/- mutant mice these capabilities are severely impaired.
This technique, if strictly followed, allows to study all processes linked to the myofiber-associated satellite cell even in early post-natal developmental stages and in fragile muscles.

Here, we propose a method to efficiently obtain single muscle fibers at early post-natal developmental stages from homozygous mutant Lamin &#916;8-11 mouse model, a very severe model for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD).

초기 산후 발달에 있는 에머리 드레이푸스 근 이영양증의 Murine 모형에서 단 근섬유 격리 및 문화

Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the A-type nuclear lamins, intermediate ...

Isolation of Myofibroblasts from Mouse and Human Esophagus

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, and subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase for 25 min. Human esophageal resection specimens are stripped of muscularis propria and adventitia and the remaining mucosa is minced, and subjected to enzymatic digestion with collagenase and dispase for up to 6 hr. Cultured cells express &#945;-SMA and vimentin and express desmin weakly or not at all. Culture conditions are not conducive to growth of epithelial, hematopoietic, or endothelial cells. Culture purity is further confirmed by flow cytometric evaluation of cell surface marker expression of potential contaminating hematopoietic and endothelial cells. The described technique is straightforward and results in consistent generation of non-hematopoieitc, non-endothelial stromal cells. Limitations of this technique are inherent to the use of primary cultures in molecular biology studies, i.e., the unavoidable variability encountered among cultures established across different mice or humans. Primary cultures however are a more representative reflection of the in vivo state compared to cell lines. These methods also provide investigators the ability to isolate and culture stromal cells from different clinical and experimental conditions, allowing comparisons between groups. Characterized esophageal stromal cells can also be used in functional studies investigating epithelial-stromal interactions in esophageal disorders.

We present a protocol to generate primary cultures of murine and human esophageal stromal cells with a myofibroblast phenotype. Cultured cells have spindle shaped morphology, express &#945;-SMA and vimentin, and lack epithelial, hematopoietic and endothelial cell surface markers. Characterized stromal cells can be used in functional studies of epithelial-stromal interactions.

마우스 및 인간의 식도에서 근섬유 아세포의 분리

Murine and human esophageal myofibroblasts are generated via enzymatic digestion. Neonate (8-12 day old) murine esophagus is harvested, minced, washed, ...

Isolation and Characterization of Adult Cardiac Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that mitigate fibrosis. However, fibroblast research has been hindered due to the lack of universally acceptable fibroblast markers to identify quiescent as well as activated fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are a heterogenous cell population, making them difficult to isolate and characterize. The presented protocol describes three different methods to enrich fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts. Using a standard and reliable protocol to isolate fibroblasts will enable the study of their roles in homeostasis as well as fibrosis modulation.

Obtaining a pure population of fibroblasts is crucial to studying their role in wound repair and fibrosis. Described here is a detailed method to isolate fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from uninjured and injured mouse hearts followed by characterization of their purity and functionality by immunofluorescence, RTPCR, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, and collagen gel contraction.

성인 심장 섬유 아세포 및 근섬유 아세포의 격리 및 특성화

Cardiac fibrosis in response to injury is a physiological response to wound healing. Efforts have been made to study and target fibroblast subtypes that ...

Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by virtually all cells and secreted in all biological fluids. Many methods have been developed for the isolation of these vesicles, including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and size exclusion chromatography. However, not all are suitable for large scale exosome purification and characterization. Outlined here is a protocol for establishing cultures of primary fibroblasts isolated from adult mouse skeletal muscles, followed by purification and characterization of exosomes from the culture media of these cells. The method is based on the use of sequential centrifugation steps followed by sucrose density gradients. Purity of the exosomal preparations is then validated by western blot analyses using a battery of canonical markers (i.e., Alix, CD9, and CD81). The protocol describes how to isolate and concentrate bioactive exosomes for electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and uptake experiments for functional studies. It can easily be scaled up or down and adapted for exosome isolation from different cell types, tissues, and biological fluids.

This protocol illustrates the 1) the isolation and culture of primary fibroblasts from the adult mouse gastrocnemius muscle as well as 2) purification and characterization of exosomes using a differential ultracentrifugation method combined with sucrose density gradients followed by western blot analyses.

골격근 섬유아세포(Skeletal Muscle Fibroblast)에서 엑소좀의 분리 및 특성 분석(Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes from Skeletal Muscle Fibroblasts)

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles released by virtually all cells and secreted in all biological fluids. Many methods have been developed for the ...