Name: novel metrics to characterize embryonic elongation of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans
Uploaded: 2016-03-28T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 46 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Metrics to Characterize Embryonic Elongation of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at JoVE.com

This work was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada and The Canada Foundation for Innovation. Thanks to Dr Paul Mains (University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada) for let-502(sb118ts) strain. Some of the strains were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, which is funded by NIH Office of Research Infrastructure Programs (P40 OD010440).

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

이 프로토콜은 초기 특성화하는 새로운 메트릭 및 배아 신장의 후반 단계에 대해 설명합니다. 섹션 1에서 중요한 단계는 패드 박테리아의 잠재적 인 존재이다. 배아는 밀봉 패드와 이미지 수집시 커버 슬립 사이에 동봉되어 있습니다. 슬라이드를 씰링하는 두 시간 이상 지속 취득 중에 동물의 탈수를 방지하기 위해 필요하다. 우리의 지식, 슬라이드와 커버 슬립 사이의 아가?...

짧은 라이프 사이클 : 거의 50 년 동안 선충 예쁜 꼬마 선충 개발, 신경 생물학, 진화, 호스트 병원체 상호 작용 등의 중요한 문제를 연구하는 강력한 모델로 자리 매김 한 개발의 연구에서이 모델의 강도에 달려있다 삼일의; 이러한 동물은 유전자 조작 될 수있는 용이성; 대부분 여분의 자궁이다 살아있는 동물과 개발에 세포 변위 및 형태의 관찰을 가능하게 투명성. 선충의 발달 단계는 성인이 다음에 배아 네 애벌레 단계 (L4에 L1)를 포함한다. 배아 발생 동안, 표피 형태 형성 세포는 그들의 접합부를 재구성하는 방법을 그룹으로 마이그레이션 방법 상피의 더 나은 이해를 가능하게하고 개별적인 형태뿐만 아니라 기능적 상피 세포 내에서의 상대 위치를 수정하는 능력에 상당한 관심을 끌었다.표피의 형태 형성은 네 단계로 구분됩니다 지느러미 표피 세포의 구조 조정에 구성된 지느러미 인터에서, 하피라고 함; 따라서 상피 세포 단층의 배아를 감싸는 복부 정중선으로 복부 피하 세포의 이동에 구성된 복부 인클로저; 초기와 후기 신장 벌레 모양의 유충에 콩 모양의 배아를 변환. 다음과 같은 형태 형성, 배아 해치 및 L1 유충은 즉시 환경에서 사용 가능한 박테리아를 사용하여 먹이를 시작합니다. 배아 신장 따라서 배아 발달의 후기이다. 그것은 그것의 길이 방향 축을 따라 배아의 확장과 가로 직경의 감소로 구성되어 있습니다. 이것은 피하 세포의 형상 급격한 변형을 포함한다. 신장은 초기와 후기로 나누어진다. 몸 벽 근육이 w의 1.75 배 단계에서 계약 시작할 때 초기 단계는 쉼표 단계에서 시작 및 종료ILD 형 (중량) 배아 - 비 신장 배아에 비해 길이의 1.75 배입니다 배아에 대응. 그 단계에서 발생하는 형태 형성 공정은 주로 두 배의 안테 - 후방 축에 그들의 연장 운전 피하 세포의 꼭대기에 위치한 극 액틴 필라멘트 다발 FBS ()의 수축에 의해 구동된다. 이물 제거의 수축 세 키나제 LET-502 / ROCK, MRCK-1, PAK-1 (5)에 의해 미오신 라이트 체인의 인산화에 의해 컨트롤입니다. 몸 벽 근육의 기능이되어 계약을 시작할 때 신장의 후기가 시작됩니다. 그것은 지느러미와 복부 피하 세포에 몸 벽 근육에서 mechanotransduction 신호를 포함하고 동물 3 부화 할 때 끝납니다. 및 L1 유충 (애벌레 체포 표현형으로 그 체포 그들의 개발, 신장 결함은 일반적으로 배아로 죽어가는 동물의 비율 (EMB 배아 치사)을 특징으로 레벨a) 및 중량보다 훨씬 짧은 것을. 발달 체포의 단계의 확인은 죽은 태아의 현미경 관찰을 필요로하고 유충 3-6을 체포했다. 그것은 최근에 같은 Cdc42 / 라 세미 레귤레이터 및 이펙터 PIX-1과 박-1, 여러 유전자가, 초기와 후기 신장 3,7 둘 중에 형태 형성 과정을 제어하는 것으로 나타났다. 우리는 또한 최근에 형태 형성 과정 초기 신장 3 ~ 7시 배아의 안테 - 후방 축을 따라 차이가 있음을 보여 주었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 특히 초기 신장 동안 자신의 안테 - 후방 축을 따라 배아의 형태의 특성을 가능하게 일찍 또는 늦게 신장 단계 및 기타 측정을 대상으로 새로운 지표의 개발 동기를 부여. 이러한 새로운 방법은 폭뿐만 아니라 처음부터 초기 신장 끝에 배아의 길이를 측정하는 구성 그광고 및 꼬리. 7 두 프로토콜은 또한 L1 단계 7에서 동기화 새로 부화 유충의 길이를 측정하기 위해 개발되었다. 유충, 성인 및 배양액에 존재하는 세균이 처리에 의해 용해되는 동안 배아 달걀 껍질 알칼리 처리 염소산으로부터 보호. 이러한 처리 후, 잘 공급 성인 (8)의 대부분을 함유하는 비 - 동기화 집단으로부터 배아를 정화하는데 사용된다. 식품 제한은 새로 부화 유충을 동기화하는 데 사용됩니다. 이들 유충의 길이를 측정하는 것은 다음 신장 결함을 검출하기 위해 사용된다. 에서 부화 유충이 아닌 완전히 신장 배아가 공급 될 때 &quot;정상 길이&quot;로 복구 할 수 있지만, 음식이없는 구속 할 때 자신의 소형화를 유지하기 때문에이 측정은 배양 플레이트에 구속 유충의 측정보다 선호된다. 여기서는 르의 측정을 가능 상세한 프로토콜을 제시경과 DIC 현미경과 화상 해석 (1 프로토콜)을 사용하여 배아뿐만 아니라 헤드의 폭과 신장의 꼬리 ngth. 또한 화상 해석 (프로토콜 2) 플로우 세포 계측법 (3 프로토콜)을 사용하여 동기화 된 유충의 길이를 측정하기위한 구체적인 프로토콜을 제공한다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Agar&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BioShop</td><td>AGR001.500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agarose</td><td>Bioshop</td><td>AGA001.500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Calcium Chloride)</td><td>Bio Basic Inc.</td><td>CT1330</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cholesterol</td><td>Sigma-aldrich</td><td>C8667</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cleaning solution&amp;nbsp;</td><td>union Biometrica</td><td>300-5072-000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass coverslips</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>12-542B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass slides</td><td>Fisherbrand</td><td>12-552-3</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>High fluorescent control particles</td><td>union Biometrica</td><td>310-5071-001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (potassium phosphate, dibasic)</td><td>Bio Basic Inc.</td><td>PB0447</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (potassium phosphate, monobasic)</td><td>Bio Basic Inc.</td><td>PB0445</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgSO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (magnesium sulfate)</td><td>Sigma-aldrich</td><td>230391</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;( sodium phosphate, dibasic)</td><td>Bio Basic Inc.</td><td>SDB0487</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl (sodium chloride)</td><td>Bio Basic Inc.</td><td>DB0483</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pebeo Drawing Gum 45&amp;nbsp;ml</td><td>p&amp;eacute;b&amp;eacute;o</td><td>PDG033000</td><td>any art/craft store</td></tr><tr><td>Peptone</td><td>BioShop</td><td>PEP403.500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sheath buffer</td><td>union Biometrica</td><td>300-5070-100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>COPAS Biosort</td><td>union Biometrica</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

novel metrics to characterize embryonic elongation of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans

Dissecting the signaling pathways that control the alteration of morphogenic processes during embryonic development requires robust and sensitive metrics. Embryonic elongation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a late developmental stage consisting of the elongation of the embryo along its longitudinal axis. This developmental stage is controlled by intercellular communication between hypodermal cells and underlying body-wall muscles. These signaling mechanisms control the morphology of hypodermal cells by remodeling the cytoskeleton and the cell-cell junctions. Measurement of embryonic lethality and developmental arrest at larval stages as well as alteration of cytoskeleton and cell-cell adhesion structures in hypodermal and muscle cells are classical phenotypes that have been used for more than 25 years to dissect these signaling pathways. Recent studies required the development of novel metrics specifically targeting either early or late elongation and characterizing morphogenic defects along the antero-posterior axis of the embryo. Here, we provide detailed protocols enabling the accurate measurement of the length and the width of the elongating embryos as well as the length of synchronized larvae. These methods constitute useful tools to identify genes controlling elongation, to assess whether these genes control both early and late phases of this stage and are required evenly along the antero-posterior axis of the embryo.

헤드폰, Tail- 및 헤드 / 테일 폭 비율은 강력한 지표입니다. 여기에 설명 된 프로토콜이 성공적으로 조절기와의 Rho GTP 아제 PIX-1의 이펙터 기능, 박-1 특성화 렛 502 초 신장 7 동안 사용되어왔다. ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Metrics to Characterize Embryonic Elongation of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at JoVE.com

Novel Metrics to Characterize Embryonic Elongation of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

소설 메트릭은 선충의 배아 신장의 특성을<em&gt; 예쁜 꼬마 선충</em

Here we detail protocols specifically designed to monitor morphogenic defects that occur during early and late phases of embryonic elongation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ultimately, these protocols are designed to identify genes that regulate these phases and to characterize their differential requirements along the antero-posterior axis of the embryo.

Dissecting the signaling pathways that control the alteration of morphogenic processes during embryonic development requires robust and sensitive metrics. ...

novel-metrics-to-characterize-embryonic-elongation-nematode

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Novel Metrics to Characterize Embryonic Elongation of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

6.0K 조회수.  Université du Québec à Montréal. Here we detail protocols specifically designed to monitor morphogenic defects that occur during early and late phases of embryonic elongation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Ultimately, these protocols are designed to identify genes that regulate these phases and to characterize their differential requirements along the antero-posterior axis of the embryo. 

비디오: Novel Metrics to Characterize Embryonic Elongation of the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

C. elegans Tracking and Behavioral Measurement

We have developed instrumentation, image processing, and data analysis techniques to quantify the locomotory behavior of C. elegans as it crawls on the surface of an agar plate. For the study of the genetic, biochemical, and neuronal basis of behavior, C. elegans is an ideal organism because it is genetically tractable, amenable to microscopy, and shows a number of complex behaviors, including taxis, learning, and social interaction1,2. Behavioral analysis based on tracking the movements of worms as they crawl on agar plates have been particularly useful in the study of sensory behavior3, locomotion4, and general mutational phenotyping5. Our system works by moving the camera and illumination system as the worms crawls on a stationary agar plate, which ensures no mechanical stimulus is transmitted to the worm. Our tracking system is easy to use and includes a semi-automatic calibration feature. A challenge of all video tracking systems is that it generates an enormous amount of data that is intrinsically high dimensional. Our image processing and data analysis programs deal with this challenge by reducing the worms shape into a set of independent components, which comprehensively reconstruct the worms behavior as a function of only 3-4 dimensions6,7. As an example of the process we show that the worm enters and exits its reversal state in a phase specific manner.

C. elegans Tracking and Behavioral Measurement

We have developed a video-rate tracking microscope system that can record and quantify C. elegans behavior at high resolution and high speeds. We have also developed computational methods to reduce the dimensionality of the worm images to a fundamental set of measurements that completely describe the shape of the worm.

C. elegans 추적 및 행동 측정

We have developed instrumentation, image processing, and data analysis techniques to quantify the locomotory behavior of C. elegans as it crawls on the ...

연구

신경과학

Measuring Embryonic Viability and Brood Size in Caenorhabditis elegans

Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model organism for the study of meiosis, fertilization, and embryonic development. C. elegans exist as self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, which produce large broods of progeny-when males are present, they can produce even larger broods of cross progeny. Errors in meiosis, fertilization, and embryogenesis can be rapidly assessed as phenotypes of sterility, reduced fertility, or embryonic lethality. This article describes a method to determine embryonic viability and brood size in C. elegans. We demonstrate how to set up this assay by picking a worm onto an individual Modified Youngren's, Only Bacto-peptone (MYOB) plate, establish the appropriate timeframe to count viable progeny and non-viable embryos, and explain how to accurately count live worm specimens. This technique can be used to determine viability in self-fertilizing hermaphrodites as well as cross-fertilization by mating pairs. These relatively simple experiments are easily adoptable for new researchers, such as undergraduate students and first-year graduate students.

Measuring Embryonic Viability and Brood Size in Caenorhabditis elegans

Here, we present a general method to determine the embryonic viability and total number of embryos produced (brood) using the model organism C. elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans의 배아 생존력 및 무리 크기 측정

Caenorhabditis elegans is an excellent model organism for the study of meiosis, fertilization, and embryonic development. C. elegans exist as ...

유전학

Isotropic Light-Sheet Microscopy and Automated Cell Lineage Analyses to Catalogue Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis with Subcellular Resolution

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) stands out as the only organism in which the challenge of understanding the cellular origins of an entire nervous system can be observed, with single cell resolution, in vivo. Here, we present an integrated protocol for the examination of neurodevelopment in C. elegans embryos. Our protocol combines imaging, lineaging and neuroanatomical tracing of single cells in developing embryos. We achieve long-term, four-dimensional (4D) imaging of living C. elegans&#160;embryos with nearly isotropic spatial resolution through the use of Dual-view Inverted Selective Plane Illumination Microscopy (diSPIM). Nuclei and neuronal structures in the nematode embryos are imaged and isotropically fused to yield images with resolution of ~330 nm in all three dimensions. These minute-by-minute high-resolution 4D data sets are then analyzed to correlate definitive cell-lineage identities with gene expression and morphological dynamics at single-cell and subcellular levels of detail. Our protocol is structured to enable modular implementation of each of the described steps and enhance studies on embryogenesis, gene expression, or neurodevelopment.

Here, we present a combinatorial approach using high-resolution microscopy, computational tools, and single-cell labeling in living C. elegans embryos to understand single cell dynamics during neurodevelopment.

등방성 라이트 시트 현미경 검사 및 자동 세포 계보 분석을 통해 아닌 간 분해능을 통한 배아 발생 발생

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) stands out as the only organism in which the challenge of understanding the cellular origins of an entire nervous ...

발생학

Measuring Sperm Guidance and Motility within the Caenorhabditis elegans Hermaphrodite Reproductive Tract

Successful fertilization is fundamental to sexual reproduction, yet little is known about the mechanisms that guide sperm to oocytes within the female reproductive tract. While in vitro studies suggest that sperm of internally fertilizing animals can respond to various cues from their surroundings, the inability to visualize their behavior inside the female reproductive tract creates a challenge for understanding sperm migration and mobility in its native environment. Here, we describe a method using C. elegans that overcomes this limitation and takes advantage of their transparent epidermis. C. elegans males stained with a mitochondrial&#160; dye are mated with adult hermaphrodites, which act as modified females, and deposit fluorescently labeled sperm into the hermaphrodite uterus. The migration and motility of the labeled sperm can then be directly tracked using an epi-fluorescence microscope in a live hermaphrodite. In wild-type animals, approximately 90% of the labeled sperm crawl through the uterus and reach the fertilization site, or spermatheca. Images of the uterus can be taken 1 h after mating to assess the distribution of the sperm within the uterus and the percentage of sperm that have reached the spermatheca. Alternatively, time-lapse images can be taken immediately after mating to assess sperm speed, directional velocity and reversal frequency. This method can be combined with other genetic and molecular tools available for the C.elegans to identify novel genetic and molecular mechanisms that are important in regulating sperm guidance and motility within the female reproductive tract.

Measuring Sperm Guidance and Motility within the Caenorhabditis elegans Hermaphrodite Reproductive Tract

Sperm must successfully navigate through the oviduct to fertilize an oocyte. Here, we describe an assay for measuring sperm migration within the C. elegans hermaphrodite uterus. This assay can provide quantitative data on sperm distribution within the uterus after mating, as well as on speed, directional velocity, and reversal frequency.

정자 지도 및 운동 성 아닌 간 남녀 양성 생식 기관에서 측정

Successful fertilization is fundamental to sexual reproduction, yet little is known about the mechanisms that guide sperm to oocytes within the female ...

A Semi-high-throughput Imaging Method and Data Visualization Toolkit to Analyze C. elegans Embryonic Development

C. elegans is the premier system for the systematic analysis of cell fate specification and morphogenetic events during embryonic development. One challenge is that embryogenesis dynamically unfolds over a period of about 13 h; this half day-long timescale has constrained the scope of experiments by limiting the number of embryos that can be imaged. Here, we describe a semi-high-throughput protocol that allows for the simultaneous 3D time-lapse imaging of development in 80&#8211;100 embryos at moderate time resolution, from up to 14 different conditions, in a single overnight run. The protocol is straightforward and can be implemented by any laboratory with access to a microscope with point visiting capacity. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated by using it to image two custom-built strains expressing fluorescent markers optimized to visualize key aspects of germ-layer specification and morphogenesis. To analyze the data, a custom program that crops individual embryos out of a broader field of view in all channels, z-steps, and timepoints and saves the sequences for each embryo into a separate tiff stack was built. The program, which includes a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI), streamlines data processing by isolating, pre-processing, and uniformly orienting individual embryos in preparation for visualization or automated analysis. Also supplied is an ImageJ macro that compiles individual embryo data into a multi-panel file that displays maximum intensity fluorescence projection and brightfield images for each embryo at each time point. The protocols and tools described herein were validated by using them to characterize embryonic development following knock-down of 40 previously described developmental genes; this analysis visualized previously annotated developmental phenotypes and revealed new ones. In summary, this work details a semi-high-throughput imaging method coupled with a cropping program and ImageJ visualization tool that, when combined with strains expressing informative fluorescent markers, greatly accelerates experiments to analyze embryonic development.

A Semi-high-throughput Imaging Method and Data Visualization Toolkit to Analyze C. elegans Embryonic Development

This work describes a semi-high-throughput protocol that allows simultaneous 3D time-lapse imaging of embryogenesis in 80&#8211;100 C. elegans embryos in a single overnight run. Additionally, image processing and visualization tools are included to streamline data analysis. The combination of these methods with custom reporter strains enables detailed monitoring of embryogenesis.

C. elegans 배아 개발을 분석하는 세미 고처리량 이미징 방법 및 데이터 시각화 툴킷

C. elegans is the premier system for the systematic analysis of cell fate specification and morphogenetic events during embryonic development. One ...

4D Microscopy: Unraveling Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Development Using Nomarski Microscopy

4D microscopy is an invaluable tool for unraveling the embryonic developmental process in different animals. Over the last decades, Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as one of the best models for studying development. From an optical point of view, its size and transparent body make this nematode an ideal specimen for DIC (Differential Interference Contrast or Nomarski) microscopy. This article illustrates a protocol for growing C. elegans nematodes, preparing and mounting their embryos, performing 4D microscopy and cell lineage tracing. The method is based on multifocal time-lapse records of Nomarski images and analysis with specific software. This technique reveals embryonic developmental dynamics at the cellular level. Any embryonic defect in mutants, such as problems in spindle orientation, cell migration, apoptosis or cell fate specification, can be efficiently detected and scored. Virtually every single cell of the embryo can be followed up to the moment the embryo begins to move. Tracing the complete cell lineage of a C. elegans embryo by 4D DIC microscopy is laborious, but the use of specific software greatly facilitates this task. In addition, this technique is easy to implement in the lab. 4D microscopy is a versatile tool and opens the possibility of performing an unparalleled analysis of embryonic development.

4D Microscopy: Unraveling Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Development Using Nomarski Microscopy

Here, we present a protocol for preparing and mounting Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, recording development under a 4D microscope and tracing cell lineage.

4D 현미경 검사: 노마르스키 현미경을 이용한 예쁜꼬마 선 충 배아 발달 풀기

4D microscopy is an invaluable tool for unraveling the embryonic developmental process in different animals. Over the last decades, Caenorhabditis elegans ...

Imaging C. elegans Embryos using an Epifluorescent Microscope and Open Source Software

Cellular processes, such as chromosome assembly, segregation and cytokinesis,are inherently dynamic. Time-lapse imaging of living cells, using fluorescent-labeled reporter proteins or differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, allows for the examination of the temporal progression of these dynamic events which is otherwise inferred from analysis of fixed samples1,2. Moreover, the study of the developmental regulations of cellular processes necessitates conducting time-lapse experiments on an intact organism during development. The Caenorhabiditis elegans embryo is light-transparent and has a rapid, invariant developmental program with a known cell lineage3, thus providing an ideal experiment model for studying questions in cell biology4,5and development6-9. C. elegans is amendable to genetic manipulation by forward genetics (based on random mutagenesis10,11) and reverse genetics to target specific genes (based on RNAi-mediated interference and targeted mutagenesis12-15). In addition, transgenic animals can be readily created to express fluorescently tagged proteins or reporters16,17. These traits combine to make it easy to identify the genetic pathways regulating fundamental cellular and developmental processes in vivo18-21. In this protocol we present methods for live imaging of C. elegans embryos using DIC optics or GFP fluorescence on a compound epifluorescent microscope. We demonstrate the ease with which readily available microscopes, typically used for fixed sample imaging, can also be applied for time-lapse analysis using open-source software to automate the imaging process.

Imaging C. elegans Embryos using an Epifluorescent Microscope and Open Source Software

The C. elegans embryo is a powerful system for studying cell biology and development. We present a protocol for live imaging of C. elegans embryos utilizing DIC optics or fluorescence using readily available epifluorescent microscopes and open-source software.

이미징 C. 엘레간스</emEpifluorescent 현미경과 오픈 소스 소프트웨어를 사용> 태아

Cellular processes, such as chromosome assembly, segregation and cytokinesis,are inherently dynamic. Time-lapse imaging of living cells, using ...

생물학

Basic Caenorhabditis elegans Methods: Synchronization and Observation

Research into the molecular and developmental biology of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was begun in the early seventies by Sydney Brenner and it has since been used extensively as a model organism 1. C. elegans possesses key attributes such as simplicity, transparency and short life cycle that have made it a suitable experimental system for fundamental biological studies for many years 2. Discoveries in this nematode have broad implications because many cellular and molecular processes that control animal development are evolutionary conserved 3.
C. elegans life cycle goes through an embryonic stage and four larval stages before animals reach adulthood. Development can take 2 to 4 days depending on the temperature. In each of the stages several characteristic traits can be observed. The knowledge of its complete cell lineage 4,5 together with the deep annotation of its genome turn this nematode into a great model in fields as diverse as the neurobiology 6, aging 7,8, stem cell biology 9 and germ line biology 10. 
An additional feature that makes C. elegans an attractive model to work with is the possibility of obtaining populations of worms synchronized at a specific stage through a relatively easy protocol. The ease of maintaining and propagating this nematode added to the possibility of synchronization provide a powerful tool to obtain large amounts of worms, which can be used for a wide variety of small or high-throughput experiments such as RNAi screens, microarrays, massive sequencing, immunoblot or in situ hybridization, among others. 
Because of its transparency, C. elegans structures can be distinguished under the microscope using Differential Interference Contrast microscopy, also known as Nomarski microscopy. The use of a fluorescent DNA binder, DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), for instance, can lead to the specific identification and localization of individual cells, as well as subcellular structures/defects associated to them.

Basic Caenorhabditis elegans Methods: Synchronization and Observation

The easiness of maintaining and propagating the nematode C. elegans make it a nice model organism to work with. The possibility of synchronizing worms allows the work with a significant amount of subjects at the same developmental stage, what facilitates the study of one particular process in many animals.

기본<em&gt; Caenorhabditis elegans</em&gt; 방법 : 동기화 및 전망

Research into the molecular and developmental biology of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was begun in the early seventies by Sydney Brenner and it has ...

Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools

Quantitatively capturing developmental processes is crucial to derive mechanistic models and key to identify and describe mutant phenotypes. Here protocols are presented for preparing embryos and adult C. elegans animals for short- and long-term time-lapse microscopy and methods for tracking and quantification of developmental processes. The methods presented are all based on C. elegans strains available from the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center and on open-source software that can be easily implemented in any laboratory independently of the microscopy system used. A reconstruction of a 3D cell-shape model using the modelling software IMOD, manual tracking of fluorescently-labeled subcellular structures using the multi-purpose image analysis program Endrov, and an analysis of cortical contractile flow using PIVlab (Time-Resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry Tool for MATLAB) are shown. It is discussed how these methods can also be deployed to quantitatively capture other developmental processes in different models, e.g., cell tracking and lineage tracing, tracking of vesicle flow.

Tracking and Quantifying Developmental Processes in C. elegans Using Open-source Tools

Here it is shown how to track and quantify developmental processes in C. elegans. The methods presented are based on open-source tools that can be easily implemented. It is demonstrated how to reconstruct 3D cell-shape models, how to manually track subcellular structures, and how to analyze cortical contractile flow.

의 발달 프로세스 추적 및 정량화<em&gt; C. 엘레</em&gt; 오픈 소스 도구를 사용하여

Quantitatively capturing developmental processes is crucial to derive mechanistic models and key to identify and describe mutant phenotypes. Here ...

Lifespan Analysis: Measuring C. elegans Longevity

Source: Cornwell, A. B., et al. <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/57819/the-replica-set-method-high-throughput-approach-to-quantitatively">The Replica Set Method: A High-throughput Approach to Quantitatively Measure&#160;Caenorhabditis elegans&#160;Lifespan</a>.&#160;J. Vis. Exp.&#160; (2018).
This video describes a traditional, plate-based method of measuring the lifespan of C. elegans. The example protocol measures the lifespan of worms treated with RNAi.

소설 메트릭은 선충의 배아 신장의 특성을

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

C. elegans 추적 및 행동 측정

Caenorhabditis elegans의 배아 생존력 및 무리 크기 측정

등방성 라이트 시트 현미경 검사 및 자동 세포 계보 분석을 통해 아닌 간 분해능을 통한 배아 발생 발생

정자 지도 및 운동 성 아닌 간 남녀 양성 생식 기관에서 측정

C. elegans 배아 개발을 분석하는 세미 고처리량 이미징 방법 및 데이터 시각화 툴킷

4D 현미경 검사: 노마르스키 현미경을 이용한 예쁜꼬마 선 충 배아 발달 풀기

이미징 C. 엘레간스 태아

기본

의 발달 프로세스 추적 및 정량화

수명 분석: 예쁜꼬마선충(C. elegans) 수명 측정