Name: clinicopathological analysis of mirna expression in breast cancer tissues by using mirna in situ hybridization
Uploaded: 2016-06-07T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 1 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the NIH grant (5R01 CA178386-03) and the USC ASPIRE-1 grant to HC. We would like to thank Vrushab Gowda for his assistance with manuscript.

본 연구는 기관 검토 전남 대학교 화순 병원의 이사회와 사우스 캐롤라이나 대학의 승인을 받았다. 유방암과 일치 인접 정상 유방 조직 구성 TMA 샘플은 전남 대학교 화순 병원, 한국 바이오 뱅크 네트워크의 회원의 바이오 뱅크가 제공되었다. 1. 솔루션 준비 <ol><li> DNase의와의 RNase 무료 물 1 L를 준비합니다. 디 에틸 피로 카보 (DEPC) 처리 된 물을 사용하는 모든 화학 솔루션을합니다. DEPC 500 μL에 물 1 L를 처리하고, 실온에서 3 시간 동안 배양한다. DEPC을 비활성화하는 물을 압력솥. 주의 :이 발암 물질 알려져 있기 때문에 DEPC를 흡입하지 마십시오. </li><li> DEPC 처리 된 물을 사용하여 10 배 PBS에서 1X PBS를 준비합니다. </li><li> , 20 배 SSC (염화나트륨의 175.3 g 및 800 ml의 물에 구연산 나트륨의 88.2 g을 용해 준비의 HCl (14) N 용액 몇 방울 7.0 pH를 조정하고 와트 1 L에 볼륨을 조정ER), 4 % 파라 포름 알데히드, 95 % 에탄올, 80 % 에탄올 DEPC 처리 된 물을 사용. </li><li> 8 트리에탄올 아민 ㎖의 DEPC 처리 된 물 590 ㎖ 중의 염산의 1.05 ML을 추가 및 아세틸 화를 위해 무수 초산 1.5 ml에 추가 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 버퍼에 50 μg의 / ㎕의 단백질 분해 효소 K를 준비 (50 mM 트리스 - 염산은 DEPC의 pH가 8.0 물 처리). </li><li> 포름 아미드 500 μL, 20 배 SSC 250 μL, 50 배 덴 하르트 용액 100 μL, t-RNA의 12.5 μL, 청어 정자 DNA의 2.5 μL, RVC 30 μL, 차단 시약 50 μl를 0.02 g로 구성된 하이브리드 버퍼를 준비 DEPC 물. 신선한 준비합니다. </li></ol> 2. 유방 조직 섹션 <ol><li> 마이크로톰으로 5 μm의 포르말린 고정 파라핀 포함 된 부분을 잘라 슬라이드 (14)를 충전 할 수있는 부분을 적용합니다. 참고 : 여기에 사용되는 유방 조직이 한국 바이오 뱅크 네트워크에서 이전에 제조 하였다. </li></ol> 3. 조직 준비 <ol><li> 이리저리 파라핀을 제거10 분 동안 신선한 크실렌 코 플린 항아리 배에 각각 슬라이드 침지하여 조직에서 m DDH 2 O. 에탄올 (100 %, 95 % 및 80 %)의 농도를 감소시키는 5 분간 배양하여 조직 절편을 재수 흄 후드에서이 단계를 수행합니다. </li><li> DEPC의 조직이 5 분 동안 물을 처리 빠져. 이 시점에서 소수성 장벽 펜으로 조직 섹션 주변에 경계를 확인합니다. </li><li> PBS로 세척 한 다음 15 분 동안 4 % PFA와 조직을 수정합니다. </li><li> PBS로 세척 한 다음 10 분 동안 0.3 % 트리톤 X-100 / PBS에서 조직을 담근다. </li><li> 37 ° C에서 15 분 50 μg의 / μL 테 K 용액으로 샘플을 품어. 그 다음 PBS로 세척 한 다음 실온에서 5 분 동안 아민 및 아세트산 무수물과 조직 절편을 배양한다. 어떤 PBS 세척은 테 K 처리 및 트리에탄올 아민 / 무수 초산 처리 사이에 필요하지 않습니다. </li></ol> 4. 하이브리드 <ol><li> 철저하게 인큐 조직을 씻으십시오실온에서 2 시간 내지 3에 대한 혼성화 완충액 BATE 조직 절편. 일반적으로 120 ㎕의 혼성화 완충액을 조직 절편을 커버하기에 충분하다. </li><li> 희석 5&#39;-DIG 120 ㎕의 하이브리드 솔루션 오후 3시의 최종 농도 LNA 프로브를 표시. 재고 농도는 통상 40 NG / μL 바와 같이, 120 ㎕의 혼성화 버퍼 스톡 3 μL를 추가 5 분 동안 95 ℃에서 혼합물을 배양한다. </li><li> 습기 챔버에서 54 ° C (TM)에서 프로브 밤새과 조직 섹션을 품어. 일반적으로 120 μl의 한 부분을 커버하기에 충분하다. 이 젖은 종이 타월을 사용하여 습도를 만듭니다. 챔버의 이상적인 크기는 8인치 10 인치입니다. </li><li> 참고 : Tm은 다른 miRNA의 다를 수 있습니다. 54 ° C 미르-489에 대한 언급이다. </li></ol> 5. 엄격도 세척 <ol><li> 7 분 동안 5 배 SSC와 조직을 씻으 (하이브리드 단계 이후에,의 RNase 무료 조건이 더 이상 필요 없음). </li><li> 조직 섹션 위트을 씻으십시오57 ° C에서 두 번 7 분 시간 1X SSC. </li><li> 57 ° C에서 7 분 동안 0.2 배씩 SSC와 조직 섹션을 씻으십시오. </li><li> 실온에서 7 분 동안 0.2 배씩 SSC와 조직 섹션을 씻으십시오. </li><li> 10 분 동안 PBS에서 조직 섹션을 품어. </li></ol> 6. 차단 <ol><li> (완충액 PBS의 18m 2 ML의 FBS, 트윈 -20 10 μL 및 BSA 3 μL를 추가 차단 확인하십시오. 스토어 4에서 블로킹 완충액 습한 챔버에서 실온에서 1 시간 동안 블로킹 완충액으로 조직 절편을 부화 기음). </li></ol> 7. 차 항체 배양 및 개발 <ol><li> 버퍼를 차단 300 항 DIG-AP 항체와 하룻밤 4 ° C에서 항체와 조직 섹션을 품어 : 1 희석. </li><li> 5 분마다 (개발 키트에서 제공하는 버퍼)에 대해, 세척 버퍼로 3 번 섹션을 씻으십시오. </li><li> CY-3 형광 빛을 생성하는 알칼리 포스 파타 아제에 대한 상용 키트와 함께 조직 섹션을 개발한다. </li> &lt;리는&gt; 5 분 동안 세척 버퍼 섹션을 씻으십시오. 세척 완충액으로 5 분 세척 한 다음 5 분 동안 2.5 NG / μL의 Hoechst 염료 100 ㎕와 얼룩 부분. </li><li> 제조 업체의 프로토콜에 따라 버퍼를 장착와 섹션을 탑재합니다. 조직 섹션 당 15 μl를 사용하여 조직과 과도한 장착 솔루션을 닦아 닦아냅니다. 누출 방지하기 위해 명확한 매니큐어와 슬라이드를 밀봉합니다. </li><li> 10X 렌즈 그래서 총 배율 사용하여 섹션 형광 현미경을 관찰 100X입니다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Shah, N. R., Chen, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNAs+in+pathogenesis+of+breast+cancer:+Implications+in+diagnosis+and+treatment.">MicroRNAs in pathogenesis of breast cancer: Implications in diagnosis and treatment.</a> World J Clin Oncol. 5, 48-60 (2014).</li><li>Tang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-185+suppresses+tumor+proliferation+by+directly+targeting+E2F6+and+DNMT1+and+indirectly+upregulating+BRCA1+in+triple-negative+breast+cancer.">miR-185 suppresses tumor proliferation by directly targeting E2F6 and DNMT1 and indirectly upregulating BRCA1 in triple-negative breast cancer.</a> Mol Cancer Ther. 13, 3185-3197 (2014).</li><li>Ye, X. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+silencing+of+miR-375+induces+trastuzumab+resistance+in+HER2-positive+breast+cancer+by+targeting+IGF1R.">Epigenetic silencing of miR-375 induces trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive breast cancer by targeting IGF1R.</a> BMC Cancer. 14, 134 (2014).</li><li>Oneyama, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-mediated+downregulation+of+mTOR/FGFR3+controls+tumor+growth+induced+by+Src-related+oncogenic+pathways.">MicroRNA-mediated downregulation of mTOR/FGFR3 controls tumor growth induced by Src-related oncogenic pathways.</a> Oncogene. 30, 3489-3501 (2011).</li><li>McGuire, A., Brown, J. A., Kerin, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metastatic+breast+cancer:+the+potential+of+miRNA+for+diagnosis+and+treatment+monitoring.">Metastatic breast cancer: the potential of miRNA for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.</a> Cancer Metastasis Rev. 34, 145-155 (2015).</li><li>Quesne, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biological+and+prognostic+associations+of+miR-205+and+let-7b+in+breast+cancer+revealed+by+in+situ+hybridization+analysis+of+micro-RNA+expression+in+arrays+of+archival+tumour+tissue.">Biological and prognostic associations of miR-205 and let-7b in breast cancer revealed by in situ hybridization analysis of micro-RNA expression in arrays of archival tumour tissue.</a> J Pathol. 227, 306-314 (2012).</li><li>Fernandez, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-340+inhibits+tumor+cell+proliferation+and+induces+apoptosis+by+targeting+multiple+negative+regulators+of+p27+in+non-small+cell+lung+cancer.">miR-340 inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting multiple negative regulators of p27 in non-small cell lung cancer.</a> Oncogene. 34, 3240-3250 (2015).</li><li>Yu, L., Zhang, J., Guo, X., Li, Z., Zhang, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA-224+upregulation+and+AKT+activation+synergistically+predict+poor+prognosis+in+patients+with+hepatocellular+carcinoma.">MicroRNA-224 upregulation and AKT activation synergistically predict poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.</a> Cancer Epidemiol. 38, 408-413 (2014).</li><li>Li, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=microRNA-146+up-regulation+predicts+the+prognosis+of+non-small+cell+lung+cancer+by+miRNA+in+situ+hybridization.">microRNA-146 up-regulation predicts the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer by miRNA in situ hybridization.</a> Exp Mol Pathol. 96, 195-199 (2014).</li><li>Kriegel, A. J., Liang, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA+in+situ+hybridization+for+formalin+fixed+kidney+tissues.">MicroRNA in situ hybridization for formalin fixed kidney tissues.</a> J Vis Exp. , e50785 (2013).</li><li>Ucar, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=miR-212+and+miR-132+are+required+for+epithelial+stromal+interactions+necessary+for+mouse+mammary+gland+development.">miR-212 and miR-132 are required for epithelial stromal interactions necessary for mouse mammary gland development.</a> Nat Genet. 42, 1101-1108 (2010).</li><li>Nuovo, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+detection+of+microRNAs+in+paraffin+embedded,+formalin+fixed+tissues+and+the+co-localization+of+their+putative+targets.">In situ detection of microRNAs in paraffin embedded, formalin fixed tissues and the co-localization of their putative targets.</a> Methods. 52, 307-315 (2010).</li><li>Kierzek, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+locked+nucleic+acid+residues+on+the+thermodynamic+properties+of+2'-O-methyl+RNA/RNA+heteroduplexes.">The influence of locked nucleic acid residues on the thermodynamic properties of 2'-O-methyl RNA/RNA heteroduplexes.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 5082-5093 (2005).</li><li>Fischer, A. H., Jacobson, K. A., Rose, J., Zeller, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paraffin+embedding+tissue+samples+for+sectioning.">Paraffin embedding tissue samples for sectioning.</a> CSH Protoc. 2008, (2008).</li><li>Li, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+expression+of+miR-182+and+miR-503+cooperatively+targets+FBXW7,+contributing+to+the+malignant+transformation+of+colon+adenoma+to+adenocarcinoma.">Sequential expression of miR-182 and miR-503 cooperatively targets FBXW7, contributing to the malignant transformation of colon adenoma to adenocarcinoma.</a> J Pathol. 234, 488-501 (2014).</li></ol>

There is nothing to disclose.

이 연구의 목적은 현장에서 miRNA의 혼성화를 사용하여 유방암 조직에서의 miRNA 발현 수준을 결정 하였다. 본 실험에서 모든 조건 유방암 조직에 최적화 된 것을 유의하여야한다. 또한 최적화는 다른 조직 유형에 필요한 될 수 있습니다. 모든 솔루션은 DEPC 물로 만든되어야하며, 모든 컨테이너는 DEPC 처리 수로 세척하고이어서 멸균해야 사용할 수 있습니다. 비록 약간의 오염 된 RNase 실험의 ?...

유방암은 전세계 여성 인구에 영향을 미치는 가장 흔한 악성 종양 중 하나입니다. 유방암의 130 만 이상의 경우는 전 세계적으로 1, 2 매년보고됩니다. 종양 세포 전통적 생물학적 균질 높은 증식으로 간주되었지만, 유방암 유전자 임상 이질적인 것을 분명하게 하였다. 유행 항암제에 대한 내성은 암의 진행과 전이 거리 (3)의 촉진을 통해 대부분의 환자에서 사망에 이르는 고급 유방암의 특징이다. 마이크로 RNA (miRNA가)의 mRNA의 번역을 차단하거나 mRNA의 분해 4 중개하여 유전자 발현을 조절하는 약 22 개의 뉴클레오티드 작은 RNA 분자 클래스이다. 2,000 개 이상의 다른의 miRNAs 지금까지 인간의 질병 (5)에 연결되어 인간에서 발견되었습니다. 연구의 증가 배열은 근래전자는의 miRNAs는 종양 유전자와 종양 억제 기능을 할 수 종종 종양 6 조절 곤란 것을 보여 주었다. miRNAs는 강하게 종양 세포 운동성, 침윤 및 전이 (7)의 것들과 함께, 세포주기 진행, 노화, 세포 사멸 및 자식 작용의 주요 레귤레이터를 제어하여 일차 종양 모두 영향을 미친다. 비정상적인 miRNA의 발현은 또한 무대, 분화, 예후 및 보조 요법 (8)에 대한 응답으로 임상 적 의미와 연결되었습니다. 특히 미르-146의 발현은 폐암 환자 9의 불량한 예후와 관련되어 증가 하였다. 또 다른 연구의 miRNA-let7b의 손실 발현이 결과적으로 가난한 생존 6, 악성 표현형에 연결되어 있음을 보여 주었다. miRNAs의 발현이 세포 구조의 유형을 이해하는 것은 메커니즘을 이해하는데 중요한 부분되는 miRNA의 발현에 영향을 미치는 셀 변경 및조직은 10 표현형. 간질 세포에서 분비되는 것으로 밝혀 특정 miRNAs의 상피 세포에서 찍은 구​​체적 목표물에 작용한다. 같은 맥락에서 미르-212은 miR-132는 유선 개발 11시 유관 가지에 필요한 상피 세포 - 기질 상호 작용을 기질에 의해 분비와 조절된다. 이 논문의 전반적인 목적은 계내 혼성화에 miRNA를 통해 유방암 조직에서의 miRNA 발현을 검출하는 상세한 프로토콜을 설명하는 것이다. 우리는 유방암 환자 샘플에서의 miRNA-489의 발현 수준을 분석하기 위해 모든 조건을 최적화했다. 이를 위해, 우리는 표시된 DIG는 우리의 실험에서 핵산 (LNA) 프로브를 고정 사용. 그 뉴클레오티드의 일부, 즉,는 LNA 수정 있던 2 &#39;산소 원자 및 4&#39;는 혼성화 후 &quot;의 위치에 고정&quot;상태로 유지되도록 염기를 해결 리보스 골격의 탄소 원자를 연결하는 메틸렌 다리. 그 결과, 훨씬 더 어렵다혼성화 단지는 12, 13를 변성하기 위해.

<table><tbody><tr><td>ELF-97</td><td>Life technology&amp;nbsp;</td><td>E6604</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>50x Denhard&#039;t&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Life technology&amp;nbsp;</td><td>750018</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>t-RNA</td><td>Roche</td><td>109541</td><td>Reconstitute in DEPC water</td></tr><tr><td>Herring Sperm DNA</td><td>Promega&amp;nbsp;</td><td>D1815</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Roche Blocking&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Roche</td><td>11096176001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RVC</td><td>Fisher</td><td>50-812-650</td><td>Before use spin down it at 16.1 RCF and take supernatant&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>miR-489 probe&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Exiqon</td><td>38599-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nuclease free BSA</td><td>Roche&amp;nbsp;</td><td>711454</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Primary antibody-anti DIG</td><td>Roche&amp;nbsp;</td><td>11093274910</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Diethyl Pyrocarbonate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>1609478</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

clinicopathological analysis of mirna expression in breast cancer tissues by using mirna in situ hybridization

In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for miRNA detection in breast cancer tissue using in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid) probe. The probe was recognized by anti-DIG alkaline phosphatase antibodies and later developed using alkaline phosphatase substrate producing fluorescence signals. Here we utilized miRNA in situ hybridization (MISH) technique to analyze expression of miR-489 in tissues from breast cancer patients. This technique can detect the localization of miRNA of interest in individual tissue samples. This technique can be used to compare the expression of desired miRNA in tumor tissue with that in adjacent normal tissue and to identify the specific structures responsible for expressing this miRNA. This technique can be very useful in answering certain clinical questions, such as role of specific miRNA in the development of cancer. Our results indicate that mammary epithelial cells express significantly higher levels of miR-489 than adjacent tumor cells.

인간 유방암 조직의 miRNA-489은 발현을 측정 하였다. 유선 관 상피 세포는 인접한 두 환자에서 종양 조직 (도 1A 및 1B)에 비해 상당히 높은 수준의 miRNA-489를 발현하는 것으로 하였다. 이것은 분명히의 miRNA-489 발현의 miRNA-489 종양 억제 활성을 시사 종양 조직 소실 한 것을 보여준다. 또한 같은 환자에서 이러한 결과, 종양 조직과 인접한 정상 조직을 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Here we present a protocol to detect miRNA expression in breast cancer patient samples using miRNA in situ hybridization.

miRNA의를 사용하여 유방암 조직에서의 miRNA 발현의 임상 병리학 적 분석<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 하이브리드

In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for miRNA detection in breast cancer tissue using in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labelled LNA ...

clinicopathological-analysis-mirna-expression-breast-cancer-tissues

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

6.7K 조회수.  University of South Carolina. Here we present a protocol to detect miRNA expression in breast cancer patient samples using miRNA in situ hybridization.

비디오: Clinicopathological Analysis of miRNA Expression in Breast Cancer Tissues by Using miRNA In Situ Hybridization

Retrospective MicroRNA Sequencing: Complementary DNA Library Preparation Protocol Using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded RNA Specimens

&#8211;Archived, clinically classified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can provide nucleic acids for retrospective molecular studies of cancer development. By using non-invasive or pre-malignant lesions from patients who later develop invasive disease, gene expression analyses may help identify early molecular alterations that predispose to cancer risk. It has been well described that nucleic acids recovered from FFPE tissues have undergone severe physical damage and chemical modifications, which make their analysis difficult and generally requires adapted assays. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), however, which represent a small class of RNA molecules spanning only up to ~18&#8211;24 nucleotides, have been shown to withstand long-term storage and have been successfully analyzed in FFPE samples. Here we present a 3&#39; barcoded complementary DNA (cDNA) library preparation protocol specifically optimized for the analysis of small RNAs extracted from archived tissues, which was recently demonstrated to be robust and highly reproducible when using archived clinical specimens stored for up to 35 years. This library preparation is well adapted to the multiplex analysis of compromised/degraded material where RNA samples (up to 18) are ligated with individual 3&#39; barcoded adapters and then pooled together for subsequent enzymatic and biochemical preparations prior to analysis. All purifications are performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), which allows size-specific selections and enrichments of barcoded small RNA species. This cDNA library preparation is well adapted to minute RNA inputs, as a pilot polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows determination of a specific amplification cycle to produce optimal amounts of material for next-generation sequencing (NGS). This approach was optimized for the use of degraded FFPE RNA from specimens archived for up to 35 years and provides highly reproducible NGS data.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens represent a valuable source of molecular biomarkers of human diseases. Here we present a laboratory-based cDNA library preparation protocol, initially designed with fresh frozen RNA, and optimized for the analysis of archived microRNAs from tissues stored up to 35 years.

회고전 예측에 관한 시퀀싱: 보완 DNA 도서관 준비 프로토콜 포 르 말린 고정 파라핀 포함 RNA 견본을 사용 하 여

&#8211;Archived, clinically classified formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues can provide nucleic acids for retrospective molecular studies of ...

연구

유전학

Tissue-specific miRNA Expression Profiling in Mouse Heart Sections Using In Situ Hybridization

micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA transcripts that bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and inhibit their translation or promote their degradation. To date, miRNAs have been implicated in a large number of biological and disease processes, which has signified the need for the reliable detection methods of miRNA transcripts. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for digoxigenin-labeled (DIG) Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) probe-based miRNA detection, combined with protein immunostaining on mouse heart sections. First, we performed an in situ hybridization technique using the probe to identify miRNA-182 expression in heart sections from control and cardiac hypertrophy mice. Next, we performed immunostaining for cardiac Troponin T (cTnT) protein, on the same sections, to co-localize miRNA-182 with the cardiomyocyte cells. Using this protocol, we were able to detect miRNA-182 through an alkaline phosphatase based colorimetric assay, and cTnT through fluorescent staining. This protocol can be used to detect the expression of any miRNA of interest through DIG-labeled LNA probes, and relevant protein expression on mouse heart tissue sections.

Tissue-specific miRNA Expression Profiling in Mouse Heart Sections Using In Situ Hybridization

micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are short and highly homologous RNA sequences, serving as post-transcriptional regulators of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Current miRNA detection methods vary in sensitivity and specificity. We describe a protocol that combines in situ hybridization and immunostaining for concurrent detection of miRNA and protein molecules on mouse heart tissue sections.

조직 관련 미르 식에서 제자리 교 잡 마우스 심장 섹션 사용 하 여 프로 파일링

micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA transcripts that bind to messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and inhibit their translation or promote their degradation. To ...

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

There is increasing interest in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring, creating the need for reliable and useful biomarkers for clinical practice. Here, we present a protocol to extract, reverse transcribe and evaluate the expression levels of circulating miRNAs from plasma samples of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs of 18-25 nucleotides in length that regulate the expression of target genes at the translational level and play an important role, including that of pro- and anti-angiogenic function, in the physiopathology of various organs. miRNAs are stable in biological fluids such as serum and plasma, which renders them ideal circulating biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision-making and monitoring. Circulating miRNA extraction was performed using a rapid and effective method that involves both organic and column-based methodologies. For miRNA retrotranscription, we used a multi-step procedure that considers polyadenylation at 3&#39; and the ligation of an adapter at 5&#39; of the mature miRNAs, followed by random miRNA pre-amplification. We selected a 24-miRNA custom panel to be tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and spotted the miRNA probes on array custom plates. We performed qRT-PCR plate runs on a real-time PCR System. Housekeeping miRNAs for normalization were selected using GeNorm software (v. 3.2). Data were analyzed using Expression suite software (v 1.1) and statistical analyses were performed. The method proved to be reliable and technically robust and could be useful to evaluate biomarker levels in liquid samples such as plasma and/or serum.

We present a protocol to evaluate the expression levels of circulating microRNA (miRNAs) in plasma samples from cancer patients. In particular, we used a commercially available kit for circulating miRNA extraction and reverse transcription. Finally, we analyzed a panel of 24 selected miRNAs using real-time pre-spotted probe custom plates.

전이성 대 장 암 환자에서 순환 예측에 관한 사용자 정의 패널의 검출

There is increasing interest in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring, creating the need for reliable and useful ...

암 연구학

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 18&#x2013;24 nucleotide long, non-coding RNA molecules. They are involved in virtually every cellular process including development1, apoptosis2, and cell cycle regulation3. MiRNAs are estimated to regulate the expression of 30% to 90% of human genes4 by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs)5. Widespread dysregulation of miRNAs has been reported in various diseases and cancer subtypes6. Due to their prevalence and unique structure, these small molecules are likely to be the next generation of biomarkers, therapeutic agents and/or targets.
Methods used to investigate miRNA expression include SYBR green I dye- based as well as Taqman-probe based qPCR. If miRNAs are to be effectively used in the clinical setting, it is imperative that their detection in fresh and/or archived clinical samples be accurate, reproducible, and specific. qPCR has been widely used for validating expression of miRNAs in whole genome analyses such as microarray studies7. The samples used in this protocol were from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer; however other tissues and cell lines can be substituted in. Prostate specimens were snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen after resection. Clinical variables and follow-up information for each patient were collected for subsequent analysis8.
Quantification of miRNA levels in prostate tumor samples. The main steps in qPCR analysis of tumors are: Total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and detection of qPCR products using miRNA-specific primers. Total RNA, which includes mRNA, miRNA, and other small RNAs were extracted from specimens using TRIzol reagent. Qiagen's miScript System was used to synthesize cDNA and perform qPCR (Figure 1). Endogenous miRNAs are not polyadenylated, therefore during the reverse transcription process, a poly(A) polymerase polyadenylates the miRNA. The miRNA is used as a template to synthesize cDNA using oligo-dT and Reverse Transcriptase. A universal tag sequence on the 5' end of oligo-dT primers facilitates the amplification of cDNA in the PCR step. PCR product amplification is detected by the level of fluorescence emitted by SYBR Green, a dye which intercalates into double stranded DNA. Specific miRNA primers, along with a Universal Primer that binds to the universal tag sequence will amplify specific miRNA sequences. 
The miScript Primer Assays are available for over a thousand human-specific miRNAs, and hundreds of murine-specific miRNAs. Relative quantification method was used here to quantify the expression of miRNAs. To correct for variability amongst different samples, expression levels of a target miRNA is normalized to the expression levels of a reference gene. The choice of a gene on which to normalize the expression of targets is critical in relative quantification method of analysis. Examples of reference genes typically used in this capacity are the small RNAs RNU6B, RNU44, and RNU48 as they are considered to be stably expressed across most samples. In this protocol, RNU6B is used as the reference gene.

MicroRNA Detection in Prostate Tumors by Quantitative Real-time PCR qPCR

Quantitative Real Time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is a rapid and sensitive method to investigate the expression levels of various microRNA (miRNA) molecules in tumor samples. Using this method expression of hundreds of different miRNA molecules can be amplified, quantified, and analyzed from the same cDNA template.

정량 실시간 PCR (qPCR)에 의한 전립선 종양에 MicroRNA 감지

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 18&#x2013;24 nucleotide long, non-coding RNA molecules. They are involved in virtually every cellular process ...

의학

Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other cancer cells, a fundamental characteristic of LC cells is unregulated proliferation and cell division. Inhibition of proliferation by halting cell cycle progression has been shown to be a promising approach for cancer treatment, including LC. 
miRNA therapeutics have emerged as important post-transcriptional gene regulators and are increasingly being studied for use in cancer treatment. In recent work, we utilized two miRNAs, miR-143 and miR-506, to regulate cell cycle progression. A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were transfected, gene expression alterations were analyzed, and apoptotic activity due to the treatment was finally analyzed. Downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were detected (i.e., CDK1, CDK4 and CDK6), and cell cycle halted at the G1/S and G2/M phase transitions. Pathway analysis indicated potential antiangiogenic activity of the treatment, which endows the approach with multifaceted activity. Here, described are the methodologies used to identify miRNA activity regarding cell cycle inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and effects of treatment on endothelial cells by inhibition of angiogenesis. It is hoped that the methods presented here will support future research on miRNA therapeutics and corresponding activity and that the representative data will guide other researchers during experimental analyses.

miRNA therapeutics have significant potential in regulating cancer progression. Demonstrated here are analytical approaches used for identification of the activity of a combinatorial miRNA treatment in halting cell cycle and angiogenesis.

조합 미르 세포 주기 조절 및 신생 치료의 분석

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other cancer cells, a fundamental characteristic of LC cells is ...

An In Vitro Protocol for Evaluating MicroRNA Levels, Functions, and Associated Target Genes in Tumor Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs which are recognized to modulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways in several diseases including cancers. These small regulatory RNAs mainly interact with the 3&#8217; untranslated regions (3&#8217; UTR) of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) ultimately resulting in the inhibition of decoding processes of mRNAs and the augmentation of target mRNA degradations. Based on the expression levels and intracellular functions, miRNAs are able to serve as regulatory factors of oncogenic and tumor-suppressive mRNAs. Identification of bona fide target genes of a miRNA among hundreds or even thousands of computationally predicted targets is a crucial step to discern the roles and basic molecular mechanisms of a miRNA of interest. Various miRNA target prediction programs are available to search possible miRNA-mRNA interactions. However, the most challenging question is how to validate direct target genes of a miRNA of interest. This protocol describes a reproducible strategy of key methods on how to identify miRNA targets related to the function of a miRNA. This protocol presents a practical guide on step-by-step procedures to uncover miRNA levels, functions, and related target mRNAs using the probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay following a miRNA mimic transfection, dose-response curve generation, and luciferase assay along with the cloning of 3&#8217; UTR of a gene, which is necessary for proper understanding of the roles of individual miRNAs.

This protocol uses a probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, 3&#8217; untranslated regions (3&#8217; UTR) cloning, and a luciferase assay to verify the target genes of a miRNA of interest and to understand the functions of miRNAs.

종양 세포에서 MicroRNA 수준, 기능 및 관련 표적 유전자를 평가하기 위한 시험관 내 프로토콜

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs which are recognized to modulate numerous intracellular signaling pathways in several diseases including ...

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Estrogen plays vital roles in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. It mediates its function by binding to and activating the estrogen receptors (ERs), ER&#945;, and ER&#946;. ER&#945; is frequently upregulated in breast cancer and drives the proliferation of breast cancer cells. The ERs function as transcription factors and regulate gene expression. Whereas ER&#945;&#39;s regulation of protein-coding genes is well established, its regulation of noncoding microRNA (miRNA) is less explored. miRNAs play a major role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, inhibiting their translation or degrading their mRNA. miRNAs can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors&#160;and are also promising biomarkers. Among the miRNA assays available, microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) have been extensively used to detect and quantify miRNA levels. To identify miRNAs regulated by estrogen signaling in breast cancer, their expression in ER&#945;-positive breast cancer cell lines were compared before and after estrogen-activation using both the &#181;Paraflo-microfluidic microarrays and Dual Labeled Probes-low density arrays. Results were validated using specific qPCR assays, applying both Cyanine dye-based and Dual Labeled Probes-based chemistry. Furthermore, a time-point assay was used to identify regulations over time. Advantages of the miRNA assay approach used in this study is that it enables a fast screening of mature miRNA regulations in numerous samples, even with limited sample amounts. The layout, including the specific conditions for cell culture and estrogen treatment, biological and technical replicates, and large-scale screening followed by in-depth confirmations using separate techniques, ensures a robust detection of miRNA regulations,&#160;and eliminates false positives and other artifacts. However, mutated or unknown miRNAs, or regulations at the primary and precursor transcript level, will not be detected. The method presented here represents a thorough investigation of estrogen-mediated miRNA regulation.

Molecular signaling through both estrogen and microRNAs are critical in breast cancer development and growth. Estrogen activates the estrogen receptors, which are transcription factors. Many transcription factors can regulate the expression of microRNAs, and estrogen-regulated microRNAs can be profiled using different large-scale techniques.

유방암 세포에서 에스트로겐 조절 마이크로 RNA의 프로파일

Estrogen plays vital roles in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. It mediates its function by binding to and activating the estrogen ...

Optimization of a Multiplex RNA-based Expression Assay Using Breast Cancer Archival Material

Nucleic acid degradation in archival tissue, tumor heterogeneity, and a lack of fresh frozen tissue specimens can negatively impact cancer diagnostic services in pathology laboratories worldwide. Gene amplification and expression diagnostic testing using archival material or material that requires transportation to servicing laboratories, needs a more robust and accurate test adapted to current clinical workflows. Our research team optimized the use of Invitrogen&#8482; QuantiGene&#8482; Plex Assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific) to quantify RNA in archival material using branched-DNA (bDNA) technology on Luminex xMAP&#174; magnetic beads. The gene expression assay described in this manuscript is a novel, quick, and multiplex method that can accurately classify breast cancer into the different molecular subtypes, omitting the subjectivity of interpretation inherent in imaging techniques. In addition, due to the low input of material required, heterogeneous tumors can be laser microdissected using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&#38;E) stained sections. This method has a wide range of possible applications including tumor classification with diagnostic potential and measurement of biomarkers in liquid biopsies, which would allow better patient management and disease monitoring. In addition, the quantitative measurement of biomarkers in archival material is useful in oncology research with access to libraries of clinically-annotated material, in which retrospective studies can validate potential biomarkers and their clinical outcome correlation.

Nucleic acid degradation in archival tissue, tumor heterogeneity, and a lack of fresh frozen tissue specimens can negatively impact cancer diagnostic services in pathology laboratories worldwide. This manuscript describes the optimization of a panel of biomarkers using a multiplex magnetic bead assay to classify breast cancers.

유 방 암 아카이브 자료를 사용 하 여 다중 RNA 기반 식 분석 결과의 최적화

Nucleic acid degradation in archival tissue, tumor heterogeneity, and a lack of fresh frozen tissue specimens can negatively impact cancer diagnostic ...

생체공학

miRNA Expression Analyses in Prostate Cancer Clinical Tissues

A critical challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) clinical management is posed by the inadequacy of currently used biomarkers for disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising alternate biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the development of miRNAs as effective biomarkers for prostate cancer heavily relies on their accurate detection in clinical tissues. miRNA analyses in prostate cancer clinical specimens is often challenging owing to tumor heterogeneity, sampling errors, stromal contamination etc. The goal of this article is to describe a simplified workflow for miRNA analyses in archived FFPE or fresh frozen prostate cancer clinical specimens using a combination of quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Within this workflow, we optimize the existing methodologies for miRNA extraction from FFPE and frozen prostate tissues and expression analyses by Taqman-probe based miRNA RT-PCR. In addition, we describe an optimized method for ISH analyses formiRNA detection in prostate tissues using locked nucleic acid (LNA)- based probes. Our optimized miRNA ISH protocol can be applied to prostate cancer tissue slides or prostate cancer tissue microarrays (TMA).

Here we describe a simplified protocol for microRNA (miRNA) expression analyses in archived Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) or fresh frozen prostate cancer (PCa) clinical tissues employing quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH).

전립선 암 임상 조직에서의 miRNA 식 분석

A critical challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) clinical management is posed by the inadequacy of currently used biomarkers for disease screening, ...

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

In this article we describe a method for colorimetric detection of miRNA in the kidney through in situ hybridization with digoxigenin tagged microRNA probes. This protocol, originally developed by Kloosterman and colleagues for broad use with Exiqon miRNA probes1, has been modified to overcome challenges inherent in miRNA analysis in kidney tissues. These include issues such as structure identification and hard to remove residual probe and antibody. Use of relatively thin, 5 mm thick, tissue sections allowed for clear visualization of kidney structures, while a strong probe signal was retained in cells. Additionally, probe concentration and incubation conditions were optimized to facilitate visualization of microRNA expression with low background and nonspecific signal. Here, the optimized protocol is described, covering the initial tissue collection and preparation through the mounting of slides at the end of the procedure. The basic components of this protocol can be altered for application to other tissues and cell culture models.

MicroRNA In situ Hybridization for Formalin Fixed Kidney Tissues

This article describes an in situ hybridization protocol optimized for colormetric detection of microRNA expression in formalin fixed kidney sections.

마이크로 RNA<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 포르말린 고정 신장 조직에 대한 하이브리드

In this article we describe a method for colorimetric detection of miRNA in the kidney through in situ hybridization with digoxigenin tagged microRNA ...

miRNA의를 사용하여 유방암 조직에서의 miRNA 발현의 임상 병리학 적 분석

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터