We gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (No. PJ007969), Rural Development Administration, and the National Research Foundation (grant no. NRF-2015R1D1A1A01056639) of the Republic of Korea.

동물 실험은 경상 대학교에서 생물 의학 실험을위한 동물 센터에 의해 승인되었다. 동물 절차 1. 준비 <ol><li> 골수 및 활액에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 비 침습적 수집 성인에게 여성 minipigs를 준비합니다. 마취 및 샘플 컬렉션에 일일 전에 minipigs의 임상 검사를 수행합니다. <ol><li> 완전한 혈액 카운트 테스트를 사용하여 체온, 호흡 및 심장 박동, 그리고 돼지의 행동 및 혈액 학적 상태의 관찰을 포함 신체 검사, 임상 적 정상적인 동물을 제공합니다. 참고 : 임상 적으로 건강한 minipigs에 대한 매개 변수 간격은 11입니다 - 호흡 속도 29 / 분, 68 - 심박수 98 / 분, 37 - 체온 38 ° C. </li></ol></li><li> 12 시간 프리 오 - (6)의 수술 전 금식 기간 동안 케이지에서 모든 식용 침구를 제거젊은 성인 minipigs을위한 마취 관리에 r은 금식의 3 시간은 신생아 관찰해야한다. 마취 시간까지 식수 제공합니다. </li></ol> 마취에 대한 동물의 2. 준비 <ol><li> 아세 프로 마진 (0.1 ㎎ / ㎏), 메데 토미 (0.03 ㎎ / ㎏) 및 아트로핀 (0.04 ㎎ / ㎏)으로 마취의 투여 전에 minipigs을 의료를 베풀다. <ol><li> 성인 minipigs 적어도 30mm 길이의 21 G 바늘을 사용하는 약물의 모든 근육 내 (IM)를 주입한다. 측면 자궁 근육이나 허벅지 근육에 IM 주입을 귀 뒤에 1-3cm를 수행합니다. 참고 : 동물의 두려움이나 스트레스를 유도하거나 안전하게 전 처치를 주입 거친 취급을 필요로하지 않고 모든 절차를 수행합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 지느러미 - 누운 위치에 minipigs를 놓습니다. </li><li> 다섯 분 전 처치의 투여 후, 1.5 % 이소 플루 란 관리자를 사용하여 마취를 시작흡입을 통해 istered. <ol><li> 산소를 캐리어 가스로 2.5 %의 농도가 증가 하였다 기관 내 튜브를 통해 이소 플루 란 (1.5 %)의 흡입, (1.5 L / 분)을 계속한다. </li></ol></li><li> 계속 마취 동안 minipigs의 심박수, 체온, 경피 혈중 산소 포화도 (SPO 2)를 모니터링한다. 체온을 유지하기 위해 39 °의 C - (38)의 온도에서 순환 블랭킷을 사용한다. 마취 동안 건조로부터 눈을 보호하기 위해 안과 연고를 적용합니다. </li><li> 마취 (13)의 깊이를 평가하는 Guedel의 분류를 따르십시오. </li></ol> 세포 분리 및 배양 3. 준비 <ol><li> 10 % 소 태아 혈청 (FBS)으로 보충 된 고급 둘 베코 변성 이글 배지 (ADMEM), 1 % 루타 500 ㎖, 염기성 섬유 아세포 성장 사실상에게 10ng의 / ㎖을 제조 골수 및 활액에서 유래 중간 엽 줄기 세포를 배양하는 방법R (bFGF를), 1.0 % 페니실린 - 스트렙토 마이신 (각각 10,000 IU 10,000 μg의의 / ㎖, 펜 연쇄상 구균). <ol><li> 공동 인큐베이터 내에서 5 % CO 2의 가습 된 분위기에서 3,850 ℃에서 ADMEM 부화. </li></ol></li><li> 세포의 분리 및 세척은 제조업체의 지시에 따라 둘 베코 인산염 완충 식염수 (DPBS) 500ml의 준비. </li></ol> 4. Minipigs에서 골수를 수집 <ol><li> 지역 장골의 문장 (그림 1)의 크기는 약 15 X 15cm를 선택하고 살균 면도기 나 전기 면도기를 사용하여이 영역에서 머리를 제거합니다. 포비돈 요오드 및 70 % 에탄올 다음 미니 피그가 위치되면, 교대 순서 사이트를 다음 멸균 제 3 회 문질러. 영역이 완전히 건조 후, 멸균 커튼을 적용합니다. </li><li> 프리 코트 (3)으로 세정하여 헤파린 100 U / ㎖로 10 ML의 주사기 - ejec 전에 헤파린의 4 ml의팅 항 응집제. 참고 : 골수 흡인 동안 주사기에 응고를 방지하기 위해이 단계를 수행합니다. </li><li> 단단히 헤파린 미리 코팅 된 10 ML의 주사기에 부착 된 골수 추출기 (3.0 × 100mm)를 사용하여, 마취에서 미니 피그의 장골 뼈에서 골수 5 ㎖의 최소한의 압축을 풉니 다. </li></ol> 뼈 골수로부터 체외 배양에서 추출 된 세포의 5. 분리 <ol><li> 추출 된 골수로부터 세포를 분리. <ol><li> 실온에서 15ml의 원뿔형 튜브 DPBS 같은 부피로 추출한 골수 희석. </li><li> 15 ML 원뿔 튜브 밀도 원심 분리 미디어 (피콜 - 페이크)의 3 ML을 추가합니다. </li><li> 실온에서 40 분 동안 400 × g에서 4 mL를 혼합하지 않고 밀도 원심 매체에 배치 DPBS 함께 골수의 층, 및 원심 분리기를 희석. </li><li> 단핵 세포 층 수확플라즈마 (상층)과 밀도 원심 분리 매체 (바닥 층)을 포함하는 두 층 사이에 버피 코트로부터 (다국적)과, 15ml의 원뿔형 튜브에 다국적 옮긴다. </li><li> 7 전사 다국적 희석 - DPBS 8 ml를 실온에서 10 분 동안 500 × g에서 원심 분리하여 그들을. 뜨는을 취소하고 DPBS로 두 번 세포를 씻으십시오. </li><li> ADMEM 2 ㎖의 세포 펠렛을 일시 중단하고, 35mm 조직 배양 접시에 옮긴다. 5 % CO 2의 가습 분위기에서 38.5 ° C에서 배양 접시를 품어. </li></ol></li><li> 골수에서 분리 한 세포의 체외 배양합니다. <ol><li> 48 시간 후, 접시에 부착되지 않은 세포와 배지를 흡인하고 ADMEM 2 ㎖를 교체하고, 5 % CO 2의 가습 된 분위기에서 38.5 ° C로하여 배양한다. 세 번째마다 일 매체를 변경합니다. </li><li> 70 - 80 % 컨 플루 0.25 % 1 ㎖ 그들을 해리, DPBS로 세포를 씻어세포가 분리 될 때까지 5 분 - 트립신 / EDTA, 그리고 (3) 37 ℃에서이를 부화. </li><li> ADMEM 10 ㎖를 사용하여 세포를 수확 15 ml의 원추형 튜브로 전송하고, 실온에서 5 분 동안 300 × g에서 원심 분리하여 그들을. 상층 액을 버린다. </li><li> 신선한 ADMEM 1 ㎖에 수확 된 세포를 일시 중단하고 혈구를 사용하여 계산합니다. </li><li> 5의 셀 배치 - ADMEM 4 mL를 함유 7.5 × 105 / 25T 플라스크 및 5 % CO 2의 가습 된 분위기에서 38.5 ° C에서 그들을 부화. 세 번째마다 일 매체를 변경합니다. </li></ol></li></ol> Minipigs에서 유체 활액의 6. 컬렉션 <ol><li> 골수 흡인하는 절차와 유사하게, 대퇴 관절을 통해 약 15 X 10cm (길이 / 폭)의 적절한 영역을 선택하고 살균 면도기 나 전기 면도기를 사용하여 머리를 제거, 살균 절차 (단계 4.1)에 의해 수행합니다. </li><li> 23 G와 3 ML의 주사기를 삽입촉진 랜드 마크 (슬개골 및 경골 크레스트) 후 관절에 바늘. <ol><li> 관절의 활액의 흡입 용 주사기에 부드러운 흡입을 적용합니다. 1 ㎖, 그러나 이것은 미니 피그 또는 관절의 크기에 따라 변화 - 관절 활액에서 수집의 대략 부피는 0.5이다. 활액의 회수 용적이 너무 작 으면 활막 캐비티 DPBS 통해 세척. </li><li> 즉시 혈액 오염을 방지하기 위해 주사기를 철회. </li></ol></li></ol> 수집 된 활액에서와 체외 재배 7. 세포 분리 <ol><li> 흡입 된 활액에서 세포를 분리. <ol><li> 실온에서 15ml의 원뿔형 튜브 DPBS 같은 부피로 흡입 활액 희석. </li><li> 파편을 제거하기 위해, 40 ㎛의 나일론 세포 여과기를 사용하여 희석 활액 필터. </li><li> 필터링 된 활액을 포함하는 튜브에 DPBS 10 mL를 추가액을 실온에서 10 분 동안 400 × g에서 원심 분리하여. 뜨는을 취소하고 DPBS로 두 번 세포를 씻으십시오. </li><li> 2의 셀을 배치 ADMEM 2 ㎖의 세포 펠렛을 일시 - ADMEM 2 ㎖로 3 × 105 세포 / 35mm 조직 배양 접시에, 5 % CO 2의 가습 된 분위기에서 38.5 ° C에서 그들을 부화 . </li></ol></li><li> 격리 된 활액 - 유래 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 체외 배양 단계를 반복 5.2. </li></ol> Minipigs 8. 이후 절차 케어 <ol><li> 필요한 경우, 골수 컬렉션 후, 피부 스테이플러를 사용하여 하나의 봉합사와 골수 추출기 주사 부위 피부를 닫는다. </li><li> 절차가 완료된 후 3 일 동안 하루에 한번 minipigs enrofloxacin (5 ㎎ / ㎏) 및 멜 록시 캄 (0.2 밀리그램 / kg)을 근육 주사를 투여. </li><li> 절차가 완료된 후, 골수 및 활액 수집 사이트 소독0.1 % 포비돈 요오드 번 3 일간 하루에. 조심스럽게 합병증의 징후 (예를 들어, 부종, 고름, 또는 적색)를 모니터링 매일 관찰한다. </li></ol> 유동 세포 계측법을 사용하여 9 셀 표현형 <ol><li> 유로 (3) 80 % 합류 - - 5, DPBS로 세포를 씻어 0.25 % (v / v)의 트립신 / EDTA 1 ml의 그들을 대하는 중간 엽 줄기 세포는 70 때. 세포가 분리 될 때까지 5 분 - 그럼, 3, 37 ° C에서 그들을 품어. </li><li> DPBS 10 ㎖를 사용하여 세포를 수확 15 ml의 원추형 튜브로 전송하고, 실온에서 5 분 동안 300 × g에서 원심 분리하여 그들을. 상등액을 버리고. </li><li> 세포를 해결하려면, 3.7 %의 포름 알데히드 용액 10 ㎖의 세포 펠렛을 중단하고 분석하기 전에 하루 동안 4 ° C에서 보관하십시오. <ol><li> 어느 날 고정 후, DPBS 두 번 5 분마다 300 × g에서 원심 분리를 이용하여 세포를 씻는다. 상등액을 버리고. </li><li> 4 ㎖ 중의 세포 펠렛을 정지1 % 소 혈청 알부민 (/ V w) (BSA)을 첨가하고, 비특이적 된 Fc 매개의 상호 작용을 차단하는 4 ° C에서 1 시간 동안 펠렛을 부화되어 DPBS의. </li><li> 1.5 ml의 튜브에 세포 현탁액 500 ㎕를 분취를 배포합니다. </li><li> 비공 항체 (CD29 및 멘틴)의 경우, 3 분 동안 300 × g에서 원심 분리하여 세포를 세척 하였다. 상등액을 버리고. </li><li> 1의 500 μL의 세포 펠렛 일시 : 차 항체의 100 희석 4 ° C에서 1 시간 동안 그것을 품어. </li><li> 각 5 분 동안 300 × g에서 원심 분리하여 1 % 소 혈청 알부민 회 세포를 세척 하였다. 상등액을 버리고. </li><li> 차 항체를 π 공역 계 플루 오레 신 이소 티오 시아 네이트 (FITC)의 100 희석 4 ° C에서 어둠 속에서 1 시간을 품어 : 1의 500 μL의 세포 펠렛을 일시 중단합니다. </li></ol></li><li> FITC - 복합 항체 (이소, CD34, CD44 및 CD45)의 경우, centrifu로 세포를 씻어3 분 동안 300 × g에서 gation. 상등액을 버리고. <ol><li> 1 500 μL의 세포 펠렛을 일시 중단 : 100 FITC - 복합 항체를 4 ℃에서 어둠 속에서 1 시간을 품어. </li><li> 모두 염색 조건 5 분마다 300 × g에서 원심 분리에 의해 DPBS 두 번 세포를 씻어. 상등액을 버리고. </li><li> , DPBS 500 μL의 세포를 일시에 5 mL의 둥근 바닥 튜브로 전송하고, 8 플로우 사이토 미터를 사용하여 결과를 분석한다. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Woodbury, D., Schwarz, E. J., Prockop, D. J., Black, I. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+rat+and+human+bone+marrow+stromal+cells+differentiate+into+neurons.">Adult rat and human bone marrow stromal cells differentiate into neurons.</a> J Neurosci Res. 61 (4), 364-370 (2000).</li><li>Sakaguchi, Y., Sekiya, I., Yagishita, K., Muneta, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+human+stem+cells+derived+from+various+mesenchymal+tissues:+Superiority+of+synovium+as+a+cell+source.">Comparison of human stem cells derived from various mesenchymal tissues: Superiority of synovium as a cell source.</a> Arthritis Rheum. 52 (8), 2521-2529 (2005).</li><li>De Coppi, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amniotic+fluid+and+bone+marrow+derived+mesenchymal+stem+cells+can+be+converted+to+smooth+muscle+cells+in+the+cryo-injured+rat+bladder+and+prevent+compensatory+hypertrophy+of+surviving+smooth+muscle+cells.">Amniotic fluid and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells can be converted to smooth muscle cells in the cryo-injured rat bladder and prevent compensatory hypertrophy of surviving smooth muscle cells.</a> J Urol. 177 (1), 369-376 (2007).</li><li>Arufe, M. C., De la Fuente, A., Fuentes, I., de Toro, F. J., Blanco, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chondrogenic+potential+of+subpopulations+of+cells+expressing+mesenchymal+stem+cell+markers+derived+from+human+synovial+membranes.">Chondrogenic potential of subpopulations of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers derived from human synovial membranes.</a> J Cell Biochem. 111 (4), 834-845 (2010).</li><li>Patil, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multilineage+potential+and+proteomic+profiling+of+human+dental+stem+cells+derived+from+a+single+donor.">Multilineage potential and proteomic profiling of human dental stem cells derived from a single donor.</a> Exp Cell Res. 320 (1), 92-107 (2013).</li><li>Hatsushika, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intra+articular+injection+of+synovial+stem+cells+promotes+meniscal+regeneration+in+a+rabbit+massive+meniscal+defect+model.">Intra articular injection of synovial stem cells promotes meniscal regeneration in a rabbit massive meniscal defect model.</a> J Orthop Res. 31 (9), 1354-1359 (2013).</li><li>Hagmann, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+bone+marrow-+and+synovium-derived+mesenchymal+stromal+cells+from+osteoarthritis+patients+on+regulatory+T+cells+in+co-culture.">The influence of bone marrow- and synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from osteoarthritis patients on regulatory T cells in co-culture.</a> ClinExpImmunol. 73 (3), 454-462 (2013).</li><li>Lee, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+source-dependent+in+vivo+immunosuppressive+properties+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+derived+from+the+bone+marrow+and+synovial+fluid+of+minipigs.">Cell source-dependent in vivo immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow and synovial fluid of minipigs.</a> Exp Cell Res. 333 (2), 273-288 (2015).</li><li>Su, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phylogenetic+distinction+of+iNOS+and+IDO+function+in+mesenchymal+stem+cell-mediated+immunosuppression+in+mammalian+species.">Phylogenetic distinction of iNOS and IDO function in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression in mammalian species.</a> Cell Death Differ. 21 (3), 388-396 (2014).</li><li>Jones, E. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synovial+fluid+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+health+and+early+osteoarthritis:+Detection+and+functional+evaluation+at+the+single-cell+level.">Synovial fluid mesenchymal stem cells in health and early osteoarthritis: Detection and functional evaluation at the single-cell level.</a> Arthritis Rheum. 58 (6), 1731-1740 (2008).</li><li>Morito, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synovial+fluid-derived+mesenchymal+stem+cells+increase+after+intra-articular+ligament+injury+in+humans.">Synovial fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells increase after intra-articular ligament injury in humans.</a> Rheumatology (Oxford). 47 (8), 1137-1143 (2008).</li><li>Sekiya, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+synovial+fluid+increase+in+the+knee+with+degenerated+cartilage+and+osteoarthritis.">Human mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis.</a> J Orthop Res. 30 (6), 943-949 (2011).</li><li>John, T., Lerche, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Anesthesia and analgesia for veterinary technicians. , (2011).</li><li>Cooper, D. K., Gollackner, B., Sachs, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Will+the+pig+solve+the+transplantation+backlog.">Will the pig solve the transplantation backlog.</a> Annu Rev Med. 53, 133-147 (2002).</li><li>Millard, A. L., Mueller, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Critical+issues+related+to+porcine+xenograft+exposure+to+human+viruses:+Lessons+from+allotransplantation.">Critical issues related to porcine xenograft exposure to human viruses: Lessons from allotransplantation.</a> CurrOpin Organ Transplant. 15 (2), 230-235 (2010).</li><li>Ringe, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Porcine+mesenchymal+stem+cells.+Induction+of+distinct+mesenchymal+cell+lineages.">Porcine mesenchymal stem cells. Induction of distinct mesenchymal cell lineages.</a> Cell Tissue Res. 307 (3), 321-327 (2002).</li><li>Petersen, B., Carnwath, J. W., Niemann, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+perspectives+for+porcine-to-human+xenografts.">The perspectives for porcine-to-human xenografts.</a> Comp Immunol Micro biol Infect Dis. 32 (2), 91-105 (2009).</li><li>Zeng, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multipotent+adult+progenitor+cells+from+swine+bone+marrow.">Multipotent adult progenitor cells from swine bone marrow.</a> Stem Cells. 24 (11), 2355-2366 (2006).</li><li>Zeng, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioenergetic+and+functional+consequences+of+bone+marrow-derived+multipotent+progenitor+cell+transplantation+in+hearts+with+postinfarction+left+ventricular+remodeling.">Bioenergetic and functional consequences of bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cell transplantation in hearts with postinfarction left ventricular remodeling.</a> Circulation. 115 (14), 1866-1875 (2007).</li><li>Sekiya, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+synovial+fluid+increase+in+the+knee+with+degenerated+cartilage+and+osteoarthritis.">Human mesenchymal stem cells in synovial fluid increase in the knee with degenerated cartilage and osteoarthritis.</a> J Orthop Res. 30 (6), 943-949 (2012).</li><li>Mochizuki, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Higher+chondrogenic+potential+of+fibrous+synovium-+and+adipose+synovium-derived+cells+compared+with+subcutaneous+fat-derived+cells:+Distinguishing+properties+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+humans.">Higher chondrogenic potential of fibrous synovium- and adipose synovium-derived cells compared with subcutaneous fat-derived cells: Distinguishing properties of mesenchymal stem cells in humans.</a> Arthritis Rheum. 54 (3), 843-853 (2006).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Minipigs 골수 및 활액에서 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분리를 확립하는데 사용 하였다. 연령, 성별, 질환 등 다양한 생리 학적 조건을 제거하기 위해, 동종 배경 기증자 minipigs 정확하게 셀 소스 의존 특성을 평가하기 위해 선택되었다. 피그 것으로 알려진 해부학 적, 생리 학적 및 유전자 인간과 유사한 것으로, 특히 크기가 일치 장기를 생산할 수 minipigs; 따라서 이들은 이종 14,15 대용 도너 종으로?...

Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be classified into mesenchymal cell lineages, and MSCs have been established and isolated from various tissue sources, such as from bone marrow, umbilical cords, placentas, adipose tissue, dermal skin, skeletal muscle, hair follicles, synovial membranes, and teeth1-5. Currently, attention has been given to synovial-derived MSCs because these cells may help treat joint diseases, such as bone fraction, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and due to the regenerative potential of MSCs in damaged cartilage or bone, they may also help treat immune modulation or autoimmune diseases6-8. The majority of research of MSCs derived from synovial sources have employed MSCs from the synovial membrane rather than from synovial fluid2,9; thus, the biological understanding of synovial-fluid-derived MSCs is limited.
Synovial fluid is an easily accessible source of MSCs, which can be aspirated during the diagnoses or treatments of patients and during diagnostic confirmations of various arthritis conditions that do not require invasive procedures, such as osteoarthritis or RA. The population of synovial-fluid-derived MSCs in the synovial cavity is significantly increased in arthritic patients compared to non-arthritic patients10-12. Therefore, synovial fluid is an excellent source candidate for MSCs, particularly for autologous stem cell therapy in patients with inflamed or injured joints. Additionally, synovial-fluid-derived MSCs have a chondrogenic capacity, immunomodulation abilities, and a high rate of proliferation. This study established protocols for bone marrow extraction and synovial fluid aspiration from minipigs using non-invasive methods and for the in vitro expansion of isolated cells and analysis of cell phenotypes.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="499">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:136px;">Advanced Dulbecco&#8217;s modified Eagle medium (ADMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">12491-023</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">MSC culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:136px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">14190-144</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell washing medium, free of Ca2+/Mg2+,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="53">
			<td height="53" style="height:53px;width:136px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">16000-044</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Component of MSCs medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:136px;">Glutamax</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">35050-061</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Component of MSCs medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:136px;">Penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">10378-016</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Component of MSCs medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:136px;">Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Simga</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">F0291</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Component of MSCs medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">Bovine serum albumin (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">A6003</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Component of MSCs medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:136px;">Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">25200-072</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell dissociation reagent&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:136px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">M7522</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Component of MSCs medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:136px;">Isotype antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">BD 550616</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Isotype Control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:136px;">CD29 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">BD 552369</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Integrin beta-1 MSCs marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="70">
			<td height="70" style="height:70px;width:136px;">CD44 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">BD 553133</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell surface glycoprotein MSCs marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">CD45 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">BD 340664</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Hematopoietic stem cells marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">CD34 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">BD 555821</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Hematopoietic stem cells marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:136px;">CD90 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">BD 555595</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein MSCs marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:136px;">MHC Class II antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">SC-32247</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Antigen presenting cells marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:136px;">Vimentin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">Sigma-S6389</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Type III intermediate filament MSCs marker</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="115">
			<td height="115" style="height:115px;width:136px;">Alkaline phosphatase</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">S3841</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Mixture of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate (BCIP) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:136px;">Ficoll-Paque</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">17-1440-02</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Density gradient centrifugation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">Cell strainer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">352340</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">40&#181;m nylon cell strainer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">15-mL polystyrene conical tube</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">351095</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sample collection and cell isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:136px;">35 mm dishes</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">153066</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture dish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="88">
			<td height="88" style="height:88px;width:136px;">Bone marrow extractor</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">GmbH Medizintechnologie, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">1145-1W010</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">TrokaBone, 3.0x100mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">Hematocritchamber</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Marinfeld</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">640130</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell counting chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62">
			<td height="62" style="height:62px;width:136px;">Atropine</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Jeil Pharmaceutical Co, South Korea</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Atropine sulfate Hydrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="76">
			<td height="76" style="height:76px;width:136px;">Acepromazine</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Samu Median, South Korea</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Pre-anaesthetic sedative and antiemetic drug</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:136px;">Medetomidine</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Anesthetic and analgesic drug</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:136px;">Enrofloxacin</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Bayer Healthcare, Germany</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Anti-biotics</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:136px;">Meloxicam</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Over Veterinary Medicine, Argentina</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Hana pharm, South Korea</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Inhalational anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="67">
			<td height="67" style="height:67px;width:136px;">Povidone iodine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Korea Pharma, South Korea</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sterilization agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:136px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">E7023</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sterilization agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:136px;">Heparin</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">H3393</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Anti-coagulating agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:136px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">F8775</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell fixation agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="50">
			<td height="50" style="height:50px;width:136px;">Ophthalmologic ointment&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Oxytetracycline HCL with polymyxin B sulfate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:136px;">Circulating water blanket</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Gaymar Industries</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Warming system during and after anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="33">
			<td height="33" style="height:33px;width:136px;">Skin stapler</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Covidien, USA</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Suture skin closure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:136px;">CO2 Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Thermo Forma</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">3111</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell culture Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:136px;">Flow cytometer</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:79px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Cell analyzer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="69">
			<td height="69" style="height:69px;width:136px;">Minipig</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">PWG Genetics Korea, Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:79px;">T-type</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">Miniature pig</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and cellular phenotyping of mesenchymal stem cells derived from synovial fluid and bone marrow of minipigs

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been established after isolation from various tissue sources, including bone marrow and synovial fluid. Recently, synovial-fluid-derived MSCs were reported to have multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory features, which indicates that these cells can be used for tissue engineering and systemic treatments. This study presents a protocol for simple and non-invasive isolation of MSCs derived from the bone marrow and synovial fluid of minipigs to analyze cell surface markers for cell phenotyping and in vitro culturing. Using sexually mature six-month-old minipigs, bone marrow was extracted from the iliac crest bone using a bone marrow extractor, and the synovial fluid was aspirated from the femorotibial joint. Procedures for the collection of samples from both sources were non-invasive. The protocols for effective isolation of MSCs from harvested cell sources and for creating in vitro culture conditions to expand stable MSCs from minipigs and the application of systemic autologous treatments are provided. For cell phenotyping, the cell surface markers of both cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. In the results, the MSCs were isolated from the synovial fluid of the minipigs and showed that synovial-fluid-derived MSCs have a similar morphology and cell phenotype to bone-marrow-derived MSCs. Therefore, non-invasively obtained synovial fluid is a valuable source of MSCs.

뼈 골수 및 Minipigs의 활액에서 유래 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 수립 중간 엽 줄기 세포가 성공적으로 (도 2) 골수 및 minipigs의 관절 활액 관절로부터 단리 및 시험 관내에서 확장시켰다. 활액 주사기 흡입은 ​​간단하고, 일차 세포의 체외 배양시에 충분한 부착 성 세포를 얻을 수있다. 활액 유...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Cellular Phenotyping of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Synovial Fluid and Bone Marrow of Minipigs at JoVE.com

Isolation and Cellular Phenotyping of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Synovial Fluid and Bone Marrow of Minipigs

A protocol establishing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the synovial fluid and bone marrow of minipigs and non-invasively collected using syringe aspiration is presented. Cellular phenotyping was performed using flow cytometry after cell isolation and in vitro cultivation of bone marrow and synovial fluids derived from MSCs.

Minipigs의 활액과 골수 유래 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분리 및 세포 표현형

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been established after isolation from various tissue sources, including bone marrow and synovial fluid. Recently, ...

isolation-cellular-phenotyping-mesenchymal-stem-cells-derived-from

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

10.3K 조회수.  Gyeongsang National University. A protocol establishing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the synovial fluid and bone marrow of minipigs and non-invasively collected using syringe aspiration is presented. Cellular phenotyping was performed using flow cytometry after cell isolation and in vitro cultivation of bone marrow and synovial fluids derived from MSCs.

비디오: Isolation and Cellular Phenotyping of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Synovial Fluid and Bone Marrow of Minipigs

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) possess high proliferation potential with multi-lineage differentiation capacity compare to the ordinary source of adult stem cells1-8; therefore, hDPSCs could be the good candidates for autologous transplantation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Along with these benefits, possessing the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) features, such as immunolodulatory effect, make hDPSCs more valuable, even in the case of allograft transplantation6,9,10. Therefore, the primary step for using this source of stem cells is to select the best protocol for isolating hDPSCs from pulp tissue. In order to achieve this goal, it is crucial to investigate the effect of various isolation conditions on different cellular behaviors, such as their common surface markers &amp; also their differentiation capacity.
Thus, here we separate human pulp tissue from impacted third molar teeth, and then used both existing protocols based on literature, for isolating hDPSCs,11-13 i.e. enzymatic dissociation of pulp tissue (DPSC-ED) or outgrowth from tissue explants (DPSC-OG). In this regards, we tried to facilitate the isolation methods by using dental diamond disk. Then, these cells characterized in terms of stromal-associated Markers (CD73, CD90, CD105 &amp; CD44), hematopoietic/endothelial Markers (CD34, CD45 &amp; CD11b), perivascular marker, like CD146 and also STRO-1. Afterwards, these two protocols were compared based on the differentiation potency into odontoblasts by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) &amp; Alizarin Red Staining. QPCR were used for the assessment of the expression of the mineralization-related genes (alkaline phosphatase; ALP, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; MEPE &amp; dentin sialophosphoprotein; DSPP).14

The method described isolation and characterization of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) by using either enzymatic dissociation of pulp (DPSC-ED) or direct outgrowth of stem cells from pulp tissue explants (DPSC-OG). Then followed by in vitro comparative differentiation of both types of hDPSCs into odontoblasts.

인간 치과 펄프의 줄기 세포의 분리, 특성화 및 비교 차별화 두 가지 방법을 사용하여 영구 치아에서 파생

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human ...

연구

의학

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for progression-free and overall survival. Therefore, translational research needs to provide further molecular evidence to improve targeted therapies for malignant melanomas. In the past, oncogenic mechanisms related to melanoma were extensively studied in established cell lines. On the way to more personalized treatment regimens based on individual genetic profiles, we propose to use patient-derived cell lines instead of generic cell lines. Together with high quality clinical data, especially on patient follow-up, these cells will be instrumental to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma progression.
Here, we report the establishment of primary melanoma cultures from dissected fresh tumor tissue. This procedure includes mincing and dissociation of the tissue into single cells, removal of contaminations with erythrocytes and fibroblasts as well as primary culture and reliable verification of the cells' melanoma origin.
Recent reports revealed that melanomas, like the majority of tumors, harbor a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which seem to exclusively fuel tumor initiation and progression towards the metastatic state. One of the key markers for CSC identification and isolation in melanoma is CD133. To isolate CD133+ CSCs from primary melanoma cultures, we have modified and optimized the Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) procedure from Miltenyi resulting in high sorting purity and viability of CD133+ CSCs and CD133- bulk, which can be cultivated and functionally analyzed thereafter.

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

This article describes the preparation of freshly obtained melanoma tissue into primary cell cultures, and how to remove contaminations of erythrocytes and fibroblasts from the tumor cells. Finally, we describe how CD133+ putative melanoma stem cells are sorted from the CD133- bulk using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS).

환자 유래 세포 배양 및 CD133의 절연<sup&gt; +</sup흑종에서&gt; Putative 암 줄기 세포

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for ...

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are attractive druggable therapeutic targets. Here we describe an efficient four-step strategy for pre-clinical evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of acute leukemia. Initially, western blot analysis is used to confirm target inhibition in cultured leukemia cells. Functional activity is then evaluated using clonogenic assays in methylcellulose or soft agar cultures. Experimental compounds that demonstrate activity in cell culture assays are evaluated in vivo using NOD-SCID-gamma (NSG) mice transplanted orthotopically with human leukemia cell lines. Initial in vivo pharmacodynamic studies evaluate target inhibition in leukemic blasts isolated from the bone marrow. This approach is used to determine the dose and schedule of administration required for effective target inhibition. Subsequent studies evaluate the efficacy of the TKIs in vivo using luciferase expressing leukemia cells, thereby allowing for non-invasive bioluminescent monitoring of leukemia burden and assessment of therapeutic response using an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system. This strategy has been effective for evaluation of TKIs in vitro and in vivo and can be applied for identification of molecularly-targeted agents with therapeutic potential or for direct comparison and prioritization of multiple compounds.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are ectopically expressed in many cancers and have been identified as therapeutic targets in acute leukemia. This manuscript describes an efficient strategy for pre-clinical evaluation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of acute leukemia.

급성 백혈병의 치료에 대한 티로신 키나제 억제제의 전임상 평가

Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and progression of many cancers, including both leukemia and solid tumors, and are ...

In Vivo Imaging and Tracking of Technetium-99m Labeled Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Tendinopathy

Recent advances in the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in the horse suggest improved outcome measures in both experimental and clinical studies. Although the BMMSC are implanted into the tendon lesion in large numbers (usually 10 - 20 million cells), only a relatively small number survive (&#60;10%) although these can persist for up to 5 months after implantation. This appears to be a common observation in other species where BMMSC have been implanted into other tissues and it is important to understand when this loss occurs, how many survive the initial implantation process and whether the cells are cleared into other organs. Tracking the fate of the cells can be achieved by radiolabeling the BMMSC prior to implantation which allows non-invasive in vivo imaging of cell location and quantification of cell numbers.
This protocol describes a cell labeling procedure that uses Technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and tracking of these cells following implantation into injured flexor tendons in horses. Tc-99m is a short-lived (t1/2 of 6.01 hr) isotope that emits gamma rays and can be internalized by cells in the presence of the lipophilic compound hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO). These properties make it ideal for use in nuclear medicine clinics for the diagnosis of many different diseases. The fate of the labeled cells can be followed in the short term (up to 36 hr) by gamma scintigraphy to quantify both the number of cells retained in the lesion and distribution of the cells into lungs, thyroid and other organs. This technique is adapted from the labeling of blood leukocytes and could be utilized to image implanted BMMSC in other organs.

In Vivo Imaging and Tracking of Technetium-99m Labeled Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Equine Tendinopathy

This protocol describes the radiolabeling of equine mesenchymal stem cells and their implantation into tendon injuries in the horse in order to determine cell survival and tissue distribution using gamma scintigraphy.

말 건 병증에 골수 중간 엽 줄기 세포를 레이블 테크네튬 99m의 생체 ​​이미징 및 추적에서

Recent advances in the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) for the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries in the horse suggest ...

Isolation of Adipose Derived Regenerative Cells for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Following Radical Prostatectomy

Stem cells are used in many research areas within regenerative medicine in part because these treatments can be curative rather than symptomatic. Stem cells can be obtained from different tissues and several methods for isolation have been described. The presented method for the isolation of adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) can be used within many therapeutic areas because the method is a general procedure and, therefore, not limited to erectile dysfunction (ED) therapy. ED is a common and serious side effect to radical prostatectomy (RP) since ED often is not well treated with conventional therapy. Using ADRC&#8217;s as treatment for ED has attracted great interest due to the initial positive results after a single injection of cells into the corpora cavernosum. The method used for the isolation of ADRC&#8217;s is a simple, automated process, that is reproducible and ensures a uniform product. Furthermore, the sterility of the isolated product is ensured because the entire process takes place in a closed system. It is important to minimize the risk of contamination and infection since the stem cells are used for injection in humans. The whole procedure can be done within 2.5-3.5 hours and does not require a classified laboratory which eliminates the need for shipping tissue to an off-site. However, the procedure has some limitations since the minimum amount of drained lipoaspirate for the isolation device to function is 100 g.

Precise disclosure of methods and protocols is crucial for large scale uptake of stem cell therapies. Here, we present a protocol to isolate adipose-derived regenerative cells, used for a single intracavernous injection as treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy (RP).

급진적 인 전립선 절제술에 따른 발기 부전의 치료를위한 지방 유래 재생 세포의 분리

Stem cells are used in many research areas within regenerative medicine in part because these treatments can be curative rather than symptomatic. Stem ...

An Enzyme-free Method for Isolation and Expansion of Human Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent cells that can be isolated from various adult and fetal tissues, including adipose tissue. As a clinically relevant cell type, optimal methods are needed to isolate and expand these cells in vitro. Most methods to isolate adipose-derived MSCs (ADSCs) rely on harsh enzymes, such as collagenase, to digest the adipose tissue. However, while effective at breaking down the adipose tissue and yielding a high ADSC recovery, these enzymes are expensive and can have detrimental effect on the ADSCs &#8212; including the risks of using xenogeneic components in clinical applications. This protocol details a method to isolate ADSCs from fresh lipoaspirate and abdominoplasty samples without enzymes. Briefly, this method relies on mechanical disassociation of any bulk tissue followed by an explant-type culture system. The ADSCs are permitted to migrate out of tissue and onto the tissue culture plate, after which the ADSCs can be cultured and expanded in vitro for any number of research and/or clinical applications.

This protocol provides an enzyme-free method for isolating mesenchymal stem cells from abdominoplasty and lipoaspirate samples using an explant method. The absence of harsh enzymes or centrifugation steps provides for clinically relevant stem cells that can be used for studies in vitro or transferred back to the clinic.

인간 지방분지 유래 중간엽 줄기 세포의 분리 및 확장을 위한 효소 없는 방법

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a population of multipotent cells that can be isolated from various adult and fetal tissues, including adipose tissue. ...

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases, affecting patients suffering from pain and physical limitations. Recent evidence indicates a potential inflammatory component of the disease, with both T-cells and monocytes/macrophages potentially associated with the pathogenesis of OA. Further studies postulated an important role for subsets of both inflammatory cell lineages, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory lymphocytes, and M1, M2, and synovium-tissue-resident macrophages. However, the interaction between the local synovial and systemic inflammatory cellular response and the structural changes in the joint is unknown. To fully understand how T-cells and monocytes/macrophages contribute towards OA, it is important to be able to quantitively identify these cells and their subsets simultaneously in synovial tissue, secondary lymphatic organs and systemically (the spleen and bone marrow). Nowadays, the different inflammatory cell subsets can be identified by a combination of cell-surface markers making multi-color flow cytometry a powerful technique in investigating these cellular processes. In this protocol, we describe detailed steps regarding the harvest of synovial tissue and secondary lymphatic organs as well as generation of single cell suspensions. Furthermore, we present both an extracellular staining assay to identify monocytes/macrophages and their subsets as well as an extra- and intra-cellular staining assay to identify T-cells and their subsets within the murine spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and synovial tissue. Each step of this protocol was optimized and tested, resulting in a highly reproducible assay that can be utilized for other surgical and non-surgical OA mouse models.

Here, we describe a detailed and reproducible flow cytometry protocol to identify monocyte/macrophage and T-cell subsets using both extra- and intracellular staining assays within the murine spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and synovial tissue, utilizing an established surgical model of murine osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases, affecting patients suffering from pain and physical limitations. Recent ...

Isolation and Cultivation of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats

Here we present an efficient method for isolating and culturing mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in vitro to rapidly obtain numerous high-quality cells for experimental requirements. mBMSCs could be widely used in therapeutic applications as tissue engineering cells in case of craniofacial diseases and cranio-maxillofacial regeneration in the future due to the excellent self-renewal ability and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Therefore, it is important to obtain mBMSCs in large numbers.
In this study, bone marrow was flushed from the mandible and primary mBMSCs were isolated through whole bone marrow adherent cultivation. Furthermore, CD29+CD90+CD45&#8722; mBMSCs were purified through fluorescent cell sorting. The second generation of purified mBMSCs were used for further study and displayed potential in differentiating into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Utilizing this in vitro model, one can obtain a high number of proliferative mBMSCs, which may facilitate the study of the biological characteristics, the subsequent reaction to the microenvironment, and other applications of mBMSCs.

This article presents a method that combines whole bone marrow adherence and flow cytometry sorting for isolating, cultivating, sorting, and identifying bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rat mandibles.

쥐에 있는 간골 골수 관진 줄기 세포의 격리 그리고 경작

Here we present an efficient method for isolating and culturing mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in vitro to rapidly obtain numerous ...

Synovial Fluid Analysis to Identify Osteoarthritis

Synovial fluid (SF) analysis is important in diagnosing osteoarthritis (OA). Macroscopic and microscopic features, including total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count, help define the non-inflammatory nature of SF, which is a hallmark of OA. In patients with OA, WBC in SF samples usually does not exceed 2000 cells per microliter, and the percentage of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, is very low or absent. Calcium crystals are frequent in SF collected from OA patients. Although their role in the pathogenesis of OA remains unclear, they have been associated with a mild inflammatory process and a more severe disease progression. Recently, calcium crystals have been described in both the early and late stages of OA, indicating that they may play a vital role in diagnosing different clinical subsets of OA and pharmacological treatment. The overall goal of SF analysis in OA is two-fold: to ascertain the non-inflammatory degree of SF and to highlight the presence of calcium crystals.

Synovial fluid analysis under transmitted, polarized, and compensated light microscopy is used to evaluate the inflammatory or non-inflammatory nature of a sample through simple steps. It is particularly useful in osteoarthritis to detect calcium crystals and identify a more severe subset of osteoarthritis.

골관절염을 식별하기 위한 활액 분석

Synovial fluid (SF) analysis is important in diagnosing osteoarthritis (OA). Macroscopic and microscopic features, including total and differential white ...

Isolation and Culture of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells With an Innovative Xenogeneic-Free Method for Human Therapy

Considering the increasing impact of stem cell therapy, biosafety concerns have been raised regarding potential contamination or infection transmission due to the introduction of animal-derived products during in vitro manipulation. The xenogeneic components, such as collagenase or fetal bovine serum, commonly used during the cell isolation and expansion steps could be associated with the potential risks of immune reactivity or viral, bacterial, and prion infection in the receiving patients. Following good manufacturing practice guidelines, chemical tissue dissociation should be avoided, while fetal bovine serum (FBS) can be substituted with xenogeneic-free supplements. Moreover, to ensure the safety of cell products, the definition of more reliable and reproducible methods is important. We have developed an innovative, completely xenogeneic-free method for the isolation and in vitro expansion of human adipose-derived stem cells without altering their properties compared to collagenase FBS-cultured standard protocols. Here, human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were isolated from abdominal adipose tissue. The sample was mechanically minced with scissors/a scalpel, micro-dissected and mechanically dispersed in a 10 cm Petri dish, and prepared with scalpel incisions to facilitate the attachment of the tissue fragments and the migration of hASCs. Following the washing steps, hASCs were selected due to their plastic adherence without enzymatic digestion. The isolated hASCs were cultured with medium supplemented with 5% heparin-free human platelet lysate and detached with an animal-free trypsin substitute. Following good manufacturing practice (GMP) directions on the production of cell products intended for human therapy, no antibiotics were used in any culture media.

Xenogeneic (chemical or animal-derived) products introduced in the cell therapy preparation/manipulation steps are associated with an increased risk of immune reactivity and pathogenic transmission in host patients. Here, a complete xenogeneic-free method for the isolation and in vitro expansion of human adipose-derived stem cells is described.

인간 지방 유래 줄기 세포의 분리 및 배양 (Isolation and culture of human adipose-derived stem cells with an innovative Xenogeneic-free method for human therapy)

Considering the increasing impact of stem cell therapy, biosafety concerns have been raised regarding potential contamination or infection transmission ...