Name: prevention of heat stress adverse effects in rats by bacillus subtilis strain
Uploaded: 2016-07-11T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 57 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Auburn University fund FOP 101002-139294-2050.

모든 실험 절차는 오번 대학의 IACUC, 어번, 알라바마에 의해 승인되었다. 문화 미디어, 요리 및 세균 문화 1. 준비 <ol><li> 영양 한천 플레이트에 밤새 성장 바실러스 서브 틸리 스 (Bacillus subtilis)의 BSB3 문화의 하나의 식민지를 가진 플라스크에 영양 배지 10 ㎖를 접종한다. </li><li> 리터 당 포자 매체 (19) (500 ml의 확인 : 박토 영양 국물, 8g, 10 % (w / v)의 KCl을 10 ml의 1.2 % (v)를 4 × 7H 2 O, 10 ml의 황산 / 승, 한천, (15) g) 및 20 분 동안 121 ℃로 오토 클레이브. 다음 멸균 솔루션을 50 ℃로 냉각하고 추가 할 수 있습니다 : 1 M 칼슘을 (NO 3) 2, 1 ml의; 0.01 M MnCl 2, 1 ㎖; 1 mM의 4, 1 ml의 병용했을. </li><li> 실온에서 20 분 동안 40 O를 C에 차가운 준비 매체는 살균 캐비닛 (20) 무균 배양 접시의 각에 25 ml에 붓는다. 매체가 하룻밤 응고 수 있습니다. </li><li> B의 하룻밤 문화의 0.5 ml의 확산acillus 서브 틸리 BSB3 페트리 접시에서 매체의 표면에. 90 %의 포자까지 5 일간 37 ℃로 문화를 품어. 고해상도 현미경에 의한 위상 밝은 포자를 알 수있다. </li><li> 플레이트를 멸균 된 인산 완충 식염수 (PBS) 1 ㎖를 첨가하고 멸균 된 셀 확산기를 이용하여 표면으로부터 박테리아를 긁어 수확 박테리아. 필요할 때까지 냉장고에 정지를 저장합니다. </li><li> O 37 ℃에서 24 시간 - 18 인큐베이션 포자 형성 배지 플레이트 상에 세균 현탁액의 적절한 희석액 (10-5 ~ 10-6)의 0.1 mL의 도금에 의해 박테리아의 생존을 확인 </li><li> 식민지 카운터를 사용하여 접시에 박테리아 식민지를 카운트하고 테스트를 정지 박테리아의 역가를 계산합니다. 최종 농도 1 × 10 8 CFU / PBS에서 ml의 세균 현탁액을 준비합니다. </li></ol> 2. 동물 <ol><li> 300g - 32 수컷 흰쥐 (250을 사용하여). 표준 펠릿 차우와 물을 무료로 액세스 할 수있는 특정 병원균이없는 상태에서 동물을 유지한다. 평균 온도 (21 ± 1 O를 C), 습도 (50 ± 5 %) 및 12 시간 명암주기를 설정합니다. </li></ol> 3. 실험 설계 <ol><li> 적응 2 일 후 구강 투여 (11)에 의해 동물의 치료를 시작합니다. 경구 위관 바늘과 주사기를 사용합니다. B. 16 쥐 치료 서브 틸리 BSB3 현탁액 (랫트 당 1 mL)을 이틀 동안 하루에 두 번씩 (B. 서브 틸리 기). PBS 16 쥐 (쥐 당 1 ㎖) 이일 (PBS 군) (그림 1)에 대한 하루에 두 번을 취급합니다. </li><li> 그룹 1 제어 (PBS / 아니오 스트레스), 그룹 2 (B) : 치료 후, 각 그룹 (그룹당 8 쥐)를 세분화 서브 틸리 스 (B. 서브 틸리 / 아니오 스트레스), 그룹 3 스트레스 (PBS / 열 스트레스) 및 그룹 4- B. 서브 틸리 + 스트레스 (B. 서브 틸리 / 열 스트레스). </li><li> ELEC를 사용하여 각 쥐 직장 온도 측정디지털 온도계를 TRONIC. 25 분 동안 실온에서 그룹 1 및 2의 쥐 유지. 45 O C에서 기후 챔버에서 그룹 3, 4, 상대 습도 25 분 동안 55 %의 장소 동물. </li><li> 이후, 전자 디지털 온도계를 이용하여 모든 군의 각 쥐 직장 온도를 측정한다. 4 시간 동안 실온에서 모든 동물을 놓습니다. </li><li> 밀봉 마취 항아리 - (4 % 2)와 쥐 깊이 (발가락 핀치에 대한 응답의 부재) 마취 될 때까지 관찰 이소 플루 란과 쥐를 마취. 단두대와 빠른 잘린 쥐를 안락사. </li><li> 혈청을 얻는 즉시 현미경 검사 용 피펫으로 혈액 샘플 (각 쥐에서 7 μl를) 데리고 apyrogenic 튜브에 apyrogenic 피펫과 - (16 ml의 15) 각각의 쥐 20에서 트렁크 혈액을 수집합니다. </li><li> 응고 할 수 있도록 적어도 30 분 동안 냉장고에 혈액 튜브를 넣어. 20 O C에서 원심 분리기 튜브, 7,000 XG에 10 분 동안 빠르게피펫으로 혈청을 제거합니다. 분석 할 때까지 -20 ℃로 각각 50 μl의 볼륨에 쥐 저장소에서 얻은 나누어지는 혈청. </li></ol> 4. 수술 <ol><li> 잘라 내기 / 전기 가위로 시체의 아래쪽 복부 및 흉부의 모든 모피 트림. 살균 캐비닛에 시체를 놓고 70 % 알코올로 시체의 면도 표면을 처리. </li><li> 복부의 정중선 절개를 만들기 위해 멸균 메스를 사용합니다. 멸균 핀셋을 사용하여 각 쥐에서 간, 장간막 림프절, 비장과 소장을 제거합니다. </li></ol> 세균 전좌 5. 분석 <ol><li> 미리 무게 멸균 튜브에 간, 장간막 림프절, 비장의 각 샘플을 놓고 무게. 시료와 관의 무게와 빈 튜브의 중량 차이로 시료의 중량을 계산한다. </li><li> 1:10 희석을 얻기 위해 튜브에 멸균 PBS를 추가 (w / v)의의 샘플 및 homoge균질 현탁액 (21)을 얻기 위해 멸균 유리 조직 균질 각 샘플 nize. </li><li> 멸균 PBS에서 각 샘플의 일련 희석 (10-1 10-4)을 확인합니다. 접시 헤민 (0.005 g / L) 및 비타민 K1 (0.01 g / L) MacConkey 플레이트의 표면의 5 %의 혈액 한천 브루셀라 혈액 한천 상 각 조직의 모든 희석액 0.1ml를. </li><li> 37 입출력 C 22 MacConkey의 5 %의 혈액 아가 플레이트 및 호기성 브루셀라 혈액 아가 플레이트 혐기성 조건에서 부화. </li><li> 24 시간 후에 호기성 세균의 콜로니를 카운트하고, 배양 48 시간이 콜로니 계수기를 사용하여 후 혐기성 세균의 콜로니. 조직의 그램의 콜로니 형성 단위 (CFU)의 수와 그 결과를 표현한다. </li></ol> 6. 조직 학적 분석 <ol><li> 수술에 의해 각각의 쥐에서 소장 샘플을 제거 (- 4.2 4.1 단계). 파라핀에 포함 Bouin의 정착액의 샘플을 수정헤 마톡 실린 및 에오신 표준 절차 (23)를 이용하여 6 μm의 섹션과 얼룩 섹션을 준비합니다. </li><li> 각 샘플 (배율 100 배) 24 장 융모 총 점막 두께의 높이를 측정하는 고해상도 현미경 시스템을 사용한다. 각 쥐​​에서 4 샘플을 분석하고 각 샘플에 최소 20 측정을합니다. 마이크로 미터의 결과를 표현한다. </li></ol> 7. 사이토 카인 분석 <ol><li> IL-1β 상업 쥐 ELISA 키트를 사용하여; IL-6; TNF-α; INF-γ 및 IL-10는 제조사의 프로토콜에 따라 혈청 사이토 카인의 수준을 측정한다. </li><li> 관련 장비에 대한 표준을 사용하여 분석 시료의 각 세트에 대한 표준 곡선을 생성합니다. 적절한 표준 곡선과 실험 데이터를 비교하여 각 샘플에서 사이토 카인의 수준을 정의합니다. </li></ol> 8. 리포 폴리 사카 라이드 분석 <ol><li> 래트에 따른 LPS ELISA 키트를 사용하여 혈청 LPS 레벨 분석제조 업체의 프로토콜입니다. 표준 곡선의 값으로 얻어진 값의 비교에 의해 샘플에서 LPS의 농도를 추정한다. </li></ol> 혈액의 9 고해상도 광학 현미경 <ol><li> 이전 25, 26 설명 현미경 시스템을 사용합니다. 라이브 화상을 기록하는 현미경 시스템을위한베이스 및 비디오 카메라와 컴퓨터 (25) 등의 제진 플랫폼을 사용한다. 이전 27 바와 같은 리차드슨 슬라이드를 이용하여 테스트 영상을 보정한다. </li><li> 유리 슬라이드, 커버 슬립, 사진의 각 쥐에서 갓 그린 혈액의 7 μl를 놓고 각 샘플 (확대 1,700X) 72 × 53.3 μm의 2 열 이미지 프레임을 기록합니다. </li><li> 실시간으로 고해상도 직시 광학 이미지를 제공하는 소프트웨어를 사용하여 소포의 농도를 측정한다. 각 실험 조건 28 20 이미지 프레임의 최소를 검사합니다. </li></ol> 10 Statis틱 <ol><li> 평균과 표준 편차 등의 모든 값을 표현한다. 통계 분석 및 그래프 플로팅을 수행합니다. 두 표본 t 검정으로 결과를 분석 통계적 유의성을 정의하는 0.05의 유의 수준을 설정한다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Crandall, C. G., Gonzalez-Alonso, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+function+in+the+heat-stressed+human.">Cardiovascular function in the heat-stressed human.</a> Acta Physiol. 199, 407-423 (2010).</li><li>Lambert, G. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+gastrointestinal+permeability+in+exertional+heatstroke.">Role of gastrointestinal permeability in exertional heatstroke.</a> Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev. 32, 185-190 (2004).</li><li>Yu, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+heat+stress+on+the+porcine+small+intestine:+A+morphological+and+gene+expression+study.">Effect of heat stress on the porcine small intestine: A morphological and gene expression study.</a> Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A-Mol. Integr. Physiol. 156, 119-128 (2010).</li><li>Moseley, P. L., Gisolfi, C. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+Frontiers+in+Thermoregulation+and+Exercise.">New Frontiers in Thermoregulation and Exercise.</a> Sports Med. 16, 163-167 (1993).</li><li>Lambert, G. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress-induced+gastrointestinal+barrier+dysfunction+and+its+inflammatory+effects.">Stress-induced gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction and its inflammatory effects.</a> J. Anim. Sci. 87, 101-108 (2009).</li><li>Berg, A., Muller, H. M., Rathmann, S., Deibert, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+gastrointestinal+system+-+An+essential+target+organ+of+the+athlete's+health+and+physical+performance.">The gastrointestinal system - An essential target organ of the athlete's health and physical performance.</a> Exerc. Immunol. Rev. 5, 78-95 (1999).</li><li>Khan, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microbes,+intestinal+inflammation+and+probiotics.">Microbes, intestinal inflammation and probiotics.</a> Expert Rev Gastroent. 6, 81-94 (2012).</li><li>Quigley, E. M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prebiotics+and+Probiotics:+Their+Role+in+the+Management+of+Gastrointestinal+Disorders+in+Adults.">Prebiotics and Probiotics: Their Role in the Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Adults.</a> Nutr Clin Pract. 27, 195-200 (2012).</li><li>Gore, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+and+secondary+prevention+effects+of+the+probiotics+Lactobacillus+paracasei+or+Bifidobacterium+lactis+on+early+infant+eczema:+randomized+controlled+trial+with+follow-up+until+age+3+years.">Treatment and secondary prevention effects of the probiotics Lactobacillus paracasei or Bifidobacterium lactis on early infant eczema: randomized controlled trial with follow-up until age 3 years.</a> Clin Exp Allergy. 42, 112-122 (2012).</li><li>Gomes, A. C., Bueno, A. A., de Souza, R. G. M., Mota, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gut+microbiota,+probiotics+and+diabetes.">Gut microbiota, probiotics and diabetes.</a> Nutr. J. 13, (2014).</li><li>Eutamene, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergy+between+Lactobacillus+paracasei+and+its+bacterial+products+to+counteract+stress-induced+gut+permeability+and+sensitivity+increase+in+rats.">Synergy between Lactobacillus paracasei and its bacterial products to counteract stress-induced gut permeability and sensitivity increase in rats.</a> J. Nutr. 137, 1901-1907 (2007).</li><li>Ait-Belgnaoui, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lactobacillus+farciminis+treatment+attenuates+stress-induced+overexpression+of+Fos+protein+in+spinal+and+supraspinal+sites+after+colorectal+distension+in+rats.">Lactobacillus farciminis treatment attenuates stress-induced overexpression of Fos protein in spinal and supraspinal sites after colorectal distension in rats.</a> Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 21, 585-593 (2009).</li><li>Fujiya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Bacillus+subtilis+quorum-sensing+molecule+CSF+contributes+to+intestinal+Homeostasis+via+OCTN2,+a+host+cell+membrane+transporter.">The Bacillus subtilis quorum-sensing molecule CSF contributes to intestinal Homeostasis via OCTN2, a host cell membrane transporter.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 1, 299-308 (2007).</li><li>Cutting, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacillus+probiotics.">Bacillus probiotics.</a> Food Microbiol. 28, 214-220 (2011).</li><li>Pinchuk, I. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+anti-Helicobacter+pylori+activity+of+the+probiotic+strain+Bacillus+subtilis+3+is+due+to+secretion+of+antibiotics.">In vitro anti-Helicobacter pylori activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis 3 is due to secretion of antibiotics.</a> Antimicrob Agents Ch. 45, 3156-3161 (2001).</li><li>Sorokulova, I. B., Kirik, D. L., Pinchuk, I. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probiotics+against+Campylobacter+pathogens.">Probiotics against Campylobacter pathogens.</a> J. Travel Med. 4, 167-170 (1997).</li><li>Gracheva, N. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+efficacy+of+the+new+bacterial+preparation+biosporin+in+treating+acute+intestinal+infections.">The efficacy of the new bacterial preparation biosporin in treating acute intestinal infections.</a> Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. , 75-77 (1996).</li><li>Horosheva, T. V., Vodyanoy, V., Sorokulova, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficacy+of+Bacillus+probiotics+in+prevention+of+antibiotic-associated+diarrhoea:+a+randomized,+double-blind,+placebo-controlled+clinical+trial.">Efficacy of Bacillus probiotics in prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.</a> JMM Case Report. 1, (2014).</li><li>Sorokulova, I. B., Krumnow, A. A., Pathirana, S., Mandell, A. J., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+Methods+for+Storage+Stability+and+Release+of+Bacillus+Spores.">Novel Methods for Storage Stability and Release of Bacillus Spores.</a> Biotechnol. Prog. 24, 1147-1153 (2008).</li><li>Vogel, H. G., Vogel, W. H., Vogel, H. G., Vogel, W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug+Discovery+and+Evaluation:+Pharmacological+Assays.">Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays.</a> eds H.G. Vogel &amp; W.H. Vogel. , 658-659 (1997).</li><li>Bailey, M. T., Engler, H., Sheridan, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+induces+the+translocation+of+cutaneous+and+gastrointestinal+microflora+to+secondary+lymphoid+organs+of+C57BL/6+mice.">Stress induces the translocation of cutaneous and gastrointestinal microflora to secondary lymphoid organs of C57BL/6 mice.</a> J. Neuroimmunol. 171, 29-37 (2006).</li><li>Rakoff-Nahoum, S., Paglino, J., Eslami-Varzaneh, F., Edberg, S., Medzhitov, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognition+of+commensal+microflora+by+toll-like+receptors+is+required+for+intestinal+homeostasis.">Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis.</a> Cell. 118, 229-241 (2004).</li><li>Leon, L. R., Blaha, M. D., DuBose, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time+course+of+cytokine,+corticosterone,+and+tissue+injury+responses+in+mice+during+heat+strain+recovery.">Time course of cytokine, corticosterone, and tissue injury responses in mice during heat strain recovery.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 100, 1400-1409 (2006).</li><li>Ribeiro, S. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Weight+loss+and+morphometric+study+of+intestinal+mucosa+in+rats+after+massive+intestinal+resection.+Influence+of+a+glutamine-enriched+diet.">Weight loss and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa in rats after massive intestinal resection. Influence of a glutamine-enriched diet.</a> Rev. Hosp. Cl&#236;n. Fac. Med. S. Paulo. 59, 349-356 (2004).</li><li>Vainrub, A., Pustovyy, O., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resolution+of+90+nm+(lambda/5)+in+an+optical+transmission+microscope+with+an+annular+condenser.">Resolution of 90 nm (lambda/5) in an optical transmission microscope with an annular condenser.</a> Opt Lett. 31, 2855-2857 (2006).</li><li>Moore, T., Globa, L., Pustovyy, O., Vodyanoy, V., Sorokulova, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oral+administration+of+Bacillus+subtilis+strain+BSB3+can+prevent+heat+stress-related+adverse+effects+in+rats.">Oral administration of Bacillus subtilis strain BSB3 can prevent heat stress-related adverse effects in rats.</a> J Appl Microbiol. 117, 1463-1471 (2014).</li><li>Richardson, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Test+slides:+Diatoms+to+divisions-What+are+you+looking+at.">Test slides: Diatoms to divisions-What are you looking at.</a> Proc Roy Microsc Soc. 22, 3-9 (1988).</li><li>Moore, T., Sorokulova, I., Pustovyy, O., Globa, L., Vodyanoy, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microscopic+evaluation+of+vesicles+shed+by+rat+erythrocytes+at+elevated+temperatures.">Microscopic evaluation of vesicles shed by rat erythrocytes at elevated temperatures.</a> J Therm Biol. 38, 487-492 (2013).</li><li>Leon, L. R., Helwig, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heat+stroke:+Role+of+the+systemic+inflammatory+response.">Heat stroke: Role of the systemic inflammatory response.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 109, 1980-1988 (2010).</li><li>Kumar, Y., Chawla, A., Tatu, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heat+Shock+Protein+70+as+a+Biomarker+of+Heat+Stress+in+a+Simulated+Hot+Cockpit.">Heat Shock Protein 70 as a Biomarker of Heat Stress in a Simulated Hot Cockpit.</a> Aviat Space Env Med. 74 (7), 711-716 (2007).</li></ol>

저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이해 관계가 없음을 선언합니다.

심각한 건강 상태 (29)에서, 고온에 노출 된 결과. 예방 및 열 스트레스와 관련된 합병증의 조기 발견은 매우 중요 (30)이다. 제시된 프로토콜은 열 스트레스 부작용 방지를위한 다양한 방식의 효능을 평가하는 데 사용될 수있다. 이 프로토콜 내에서 중요한 단계는 다음과 같습니다 열처리 과정 (45 O C, 25 분); 수집 및 독소 오염을 방지하는...

Different stressors affect human and animal health. Temperature is one of the most stressful factors, causing chronic, acute and even lethal illnesses1. Changes in intestinal morphology and a loss of gut barrier integrity after heat stress were documented in many cases2,3. This protective barrier is responsible for defense against translocation of gut bacteria and their toxins, in particular lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from the lumen to the internal circulation4,5. Stability of the gut microbiota significantly influences intestinal barrier function, the immune response of the host, and tolerance to stress conditions6. Thus, modulation of the intestinal microbiota can provide a novel approach for prevention of stress-related adverse effects. 
Beneficial bacteria have been used as a promising strategy to modify the gut microbiota for successful management of various clinical conditions, such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, metabolic disorders7-10. Probiotic effects of beneficial bacteria include production of essential metabolites to support intestinal health, stimulation of the immune system, promotion of lactose tolerance, restoration of epithelial dysfunction. Probiotics were effective in prevention of the stress-related complications in vitro and in animal models11,12. 
Researchers have given more attention to Bacillus bacteria as probiotics because these bacteria support intestinal homeostasis13 and have beneficial effects on the host14. Our previous data demonstrated high efficacy of Bacillus probiotics against pathogens in vitro15,16 and in clinical trials17,18. Here, we aim to evaluate the preventive effect of B. subtilis BSB3 strain against complications after heat stress.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich,&amp;nbsp;St. Louis, MO</td><td>P4417</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl Alcohol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Pharmco products Inc. Brookfield, CT, USA&amp;nbsp;</td><td>64-17-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agar</td><td>VWR</td><td>97064-334</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MacConkey agar plates</td><td>VWR</td><td>470180-742</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5% blood agar plates</td><td>VWR</td><td>89405-024</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Brucella blood agar plate with Hemin, and Vitamin K</td><td>VWR</td><td>89405-032</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bouin&amp;rsquo;s Fixative</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA</td><td>15990</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-10 Rat ELISA kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC0101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-1beta Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC0011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-6 Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC0061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>INF-gamma Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC4021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TNF-alpha Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC3011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rat LPS ELISA Kit</td><td>NeoBioLab, MA, USA</td><td>RL0275</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Environmental Chamber 6020-1</td><td>Caron, Marietta, OH, USA</td><td>6020-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA</td><td>Optima L-90K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra Centrifuge</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Light microscope optical system</td><td>CitoViva Technology Inc., Auburn, AL</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Colony counter</td><td>Fisher Scientific , Pittsburgh, PA, USA</td><td>RE-3325</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Freezer</td><td>Haier, Brooklyn, NY, USA</td><td>HCMO50LA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra microplate reader</td><td>Bio-Tek Instrument, Winooski, VT, USA</td><td>ELx 808</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Auto Strip Washer</td><td>Bio-Tek Instrument, Winooski, VT, USA</td><td>ELx50</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipettes</td><td>Gilson, Pipetman, France</td><td>P100, P200, P1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C24 Incubator Shaker</td><td>New Brunswick Scientific, Enfield, CT, USA</td><td>Classic C24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rocking Shaker&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Reliable Scientific, Inc., Nesbit, MS, USA</td><td>55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dishes</td><td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</td><td>875713</td><td>100 mm x 15 mm</td></tr><tr><td>SterilGard III Advance</td><td>The Baker Company, Sanford, ME, USA</td><td>SG403</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Culture Growing Flasks</td><td>Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA</td><td>4995</td><td>PYREX 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks</td></tr><tr><td>Optical Spectrometer Genesys 20</td><td>Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA.</td><td>4001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sony DXC-33 Video camera</td><td>Sony</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Richardson test slide</td><td>Electron Microscopy Science, Hatfield, PA, USA</td><td>80303</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Millipore water purification system</td><td>Millipore</td><td>Direct-Q</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Image-Pro Plus software</td><td>Media Cybernetics, MD, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triple Beam Balance</td><td>OHAUS Corporation, Parsippany, NJ, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Homogenizer, Dounce</td><td>VWR</td><td>71000-518</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

prevention of heat stress adverse effects in rats by bacillus subtilis strain

본 연구는 열 응력과 관련된 합병증에 대한 바실러스 서브 틸리 스 (Bacillus subtilis) 균주의 보호 효과를 평가하기 위해 디자인되었다. 서른 두 흰쥐이 연구에 사용되었다. 동물을 경구 B. 두 일 동안 하루에 두 번 처리 하였다 서브 틸리 BSB3 변형 또는 PBS. 다음날 마지막 처리 후, 각 그룹을 분할하고, 두 개의 실험 그룹 (하나는 PBS로 처리 한 B. subtilis에 처리) 25 분 동안 45 ℃로 넣었다. 두 대조군은 실온에서 25 분 동안 머물렀다. 모든 쥐를 안락사시키고, 다른 매개 변수는 모든 그룹에서 분석 하였다. 열 스트레스의 악영향 융모 높이 및 장 상피 점막 전체 두께의 감소에 의해 등록된다; 루멘에서 박테리아의 전위; 혈액 (LPS) 수준 리포 폴리 사카 라이드의 적혈구의 수포 및 고도 증가했다. 치료의 보호 효능은 사전 평가되고이러한 부작용의 vention. 이 프로토콜은 열 스트레스 합병증의 예방을위한 박테리아와 쥐의 구강 치료를 위해 설립되었다, 그러나이 프로토콜은 수정 및 관리의 다른 경로에 대해 서로 다른 화합물의 분석에 사용할 수 있습니다.

열 스트레스 후 바로 전에 동물의 체온의 평균은 각각 36.7 ± 0.07 입출력 C 및 40.3 ± 0.17 O C (P &lt;0.05)이었다. 열 (그룹 3)로 쥐의 노출 융모 높이의 현저한 억제 및 점막 전체 두께의 결과 (도 2, 3 참조). 열 유해한 영향에서 스트레스 보호 소장 전에 BSB3 균주의 경구 투여. 장내 세균은 세균의 전위 장?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain at JoVE.com

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

We described a protocol for prevention of heat stress effects in rats by oral pre-treatment with beneficial bacteria. This protocol can be modified and used for various routes of administration and for analysis of different compounds.

히트의 예방에 의한 흰쥐의 반작용을 스트레스<em&gt; 고초균</em&gt; 스트레인

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

prevention-heat-stress-adverse-effects-rats-bacillus-subtilis

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

7.4K 조회수.  Auburn University. We described a protocol for prevention of heat stress effects in rats by oral pre-treatment with beneficial bacteria. This protocol can be modified and used for various routes of administration and for analysis of different compounds.

비디오: Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

A Rat Methyl-Seq Platform to Identify Epigenetic Changes Associated with Stress Exposure

As genomes of a wider variety of animals become available, there is an increasing need for tools that can capture dynamic epigenetic changes in these animal models. The rat is one particular model animal where an epigenetic tool can complement many pharmacological and behavioral studies to provide insightful mechanistic information. To this end, we adapted the SureSelect Target Capture System (referred to as Methyl-Seq) for the rat, which can assess DNA methylation levels across the rat genome. The rat design targeted promoters, CpG islands, island shores, and GC-rich regions from all RefSeq genes. 
To implement the platform on a rat experiment, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to chronic variable stress for 3 weeks, after which blood samples were collected for genomic DNA extraction. Methyl-Seq libraries were constructed from the rat DNA samples by shearing, adapter ligation, target enrichment, bisulfite conversion, and multiplexing. Libraries were sequenced on a next-generation sequencing platform and the sequenced reads were analyzed to identify DMRs between DNA of stressed and unstressed rats. Top candidate DMRs were independently validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing to confirm the robustness of the platform.
Results demonstrate that the rat Methyl-Seq platform is a useful epigenetic tool that can capture methylation changes induced by exposure to stress.

Here, we describe the protocol and implementation of Methyl-Seq, an epigenomic platform, using a rat model to identify epigenetic changes associated with chronic stress exposure. Results demonstrate that the rat Methyl-Seq platform is capable of detecting methylation differences that arise from stress exposure in rats.

쥐 메 틸-Seq 플랫폼 관련 스트레스에 노출 된 후 변경 내용을 확인 하

As genomes of a wider variety of animals become available, there is an increasing need for tools that can capture dynamic epigenetic changes in these ...

연구

생화학

Standardized Methods for Measuring Induction of the Heat Shock Response in Caenorhabditis elegans

The heat shock response (HSR) is a cellular stress response induced by cytosolic protein misfolding that functions to restore protein folding homeostasis, or proteostasis. Caenorhabditis elegans occupies a unique and powerful niche for HSR research because the HSR can be assessed at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Therefore, changes at the molecular level can be visualized at the cellular level and their impacts on physiology can be quantitated at the organismal level. While assays for measuring the HSR are straightforward, variations in the timing, temperature, and methodology described in the literature make it challenging to compare results across studies. Furthermore, these issues act as a barrier for anyone seeking to incorporate HSR analysis into their research. Here, a series of protocols is&#160;presented for measuring induction of the HSR in a robust and reproducible manner with RT-qPCR, fluorescent reporters, and an organismal thermorecovery assay. Additionally, we show that a widely used thermotolerance assay is not dependent on the well-established master regulator of the HSR, HSF-1, and therefore should not be used for HSR research. Finally, variations in these assays found in the literature are discussed and best practices are proposed to help standardize results across the field, ultimately facilitating neurodegenerative disease, aging, and HSR research.

Standardized Methods for Measuring Induction of the Heat Shock Response in Caenorhabditis elegans

Here, standardized protocols are presented to assess induction of the heat shock response (HSR) in Caenorhabditis elegans using RT-qPCR at the molecular level, fluorescent reporters at the cellular level, and thermorecovery at the organismal level.

Caenorhabditis elegans의 열 충격 반응 유도를 측정하는 표준화된 방법

The heat shock response (HSR) is a cellular stress response induced by cytosolic protein misfolding that functions to restore protein folding homeostasis, ...

환경과학

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

Bacillus licheniformis and bacitracin have a huge application market and value in the fields of medicine, chemistry, aquaculture, agricultural, and sideline products. Therefore, the selection of B. licheniformis with high production of bacitracin is of great importance. In this experimental protocol, Bacillus with a high yield of bacitracin was isolated, purified, and identified from the fresh feces of healthy pigs. The inhibitory effect of secondary metabolite bacitracin on Micrococcus luteus was also tested. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of bacitracin. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of B. licheniformis were determined by relevant kits. The phylogenetic relationships of B. licheniformis were determined and constructed using gene sequence detection. This protocol describes and introduces the standard isolation, purification, and identification process of B. licheniformis from animal fresh feces from multiple perspectives, providing a method for the large-scale utilization of B. licheniformis and bacitracin in factories.

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

This protocol provides a complete and comprehensive description of the detailed process for the isolation, purification, and identification of bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from healthy pig feces.

Bacillus licheniformis and bacitracin have a huge application market and value in the fields of medicine, chemistry, aquaculture, agricultural, and ...

생체공학

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a powerful neuroprotective strategy that has provided robust evidence for neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies of neurological disorders. Despite strong pre-clinical evidence, TH has not shown efficacy in clinical trials of most neurological disorders. The only successful trials employing therapeutic hypothermia were related to cardiac arrest in adults and hypoxic ischemic injury in neonates. Further investigations into the parameters of its use, and study design comparisons between pre-clinical and clinical studies, are warranted. This article demonstrates two methods of short-duration hypothermia induction. The first method allows for rapid hypothermia induction in rats using ethanol spray and fans. This method works by cooling the skin, which has been less commonly used in clinical trials and may have different physiological effects. Cooling is much more rapid with this technique than is achievable in human patients due to differences in surface area to volume ratio. Along with this, a second method is also presented, which allows for a clinically achievable cooling rate for short-duration hypothermia. This method is easy to implement, reproducible and does not require active skin cooling.

This article describes two methods of whole-body short-duration hypothermia induction in rats. The first, rapid induction method, employs active cooling using fans and ethanol spray for a rapid decrease in temperature. The second method is a gradual cooling method. This is achieved using the combination of isoflurane anesthesia and the reduction of temperature settings on the homeothermic heat mat. This results in a gradual decrease in core body temperature without the use of any external cooling devices.&#160;

임상 관련성 및 메커니즘을 검사 하는 연구에 대 한 모델을 사용 하 여 쥐에 짧은 기간 저온증 유도

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a powerful neuroprotective strategy that has provided robust evidence for neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies of ...

의학

A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, whereas exertional heat stroke (EHS) occurs during physical activity. EHS differs from CHS in etiology, clinical presentation, and sequelae of multi-organ dysfunction. Until recently, only models of CHS have been well established. This protocol aims to provide guidelines for a refined preclinical mouse model of EHS that is free from major limiting factors such as the use of anesthesia, restraint, rectal probes, or electric shock. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice, instrumented with core temperature (Tc) telemetric probes were utilized in this model. For familiarization with the running mode, mice undergo 3 weeks of training using both voluntary and forced running wheels. Thereafter, mice run on a forced wheel inside a climatic chamber set at 37.5 &#176;C and 40%-50% relative humidity (RH) until displaying symptom limitation (e.g., loss of consciousness) at Tc of 42.1-42.5 &#176;C, although suitable results can be obtained at chamber temperatures between 34.5-39.5 &#176;C and humidity between 30%-90%. Depending on the desired severity, mice are removed from the chamber immediately for recovery in ambient temperature or remain in the heated chamber for a longer duration, inducing a more severe exposure and a higher incidence of mortality. Results are compared with sham-matched exercise controls (EXC) and/or na&#239;ve controls (NC). The model mirrors many of the pathophysiological outcomes observed in human EHS, including loss of consciousness, severe hyperthermia, multi-organ damage as well as inflammatory cytokine release, and acute phase responses of the immune system. This model is ideal for hypothesis-driven research to test preventative and therapeutic strategies that may delay the onset of EHS or reduce the multi-organ damage that characterizes this manifestation.

The protocol describes the development of a standardized, repeatable, preclinical model of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in mice free from adverse external stimuli such as electric shock. The model provides a platform for mechanistic, preventative, and therapeutic studies.

마우스에서 운동 열사병의 전임상 모델

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, ...

Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy

Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods for industrial, clinical, and spaceflight purposes. Low pressure plasma (LPP) discharges contain a broad spectrum of active species, which lead to rapid microbial inactivation. To study the efficiency and mechanisms of sterilization by LPP, we use spores of the test organism Bacillus subtilis because of their extraordinary resistance against conventional sterilization procedures. We describe the production of B. subtilis spore monolayers, the sterilization process by low pressure plasma in a double inductively coupled plasma reactor, the characterization of spore morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the analysis of germination and outgrowth of spores by live cell microscopy. A major target of plasma species is genomic material (DNA) and repair of plasma-induced DNA lesions upon spore revival is crucial for survival of the organism. Here, we study the germination capacity of spores and the role of DNA repair during spore germination and outgrowth after treatment with LPP by tracking fluorescently-labelled DNA repair proteins (RecA) with time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy. Treated and untreated spore monolayers are activated for germination and visualized with an inverted confocal live cell microscope over time to follow the reaction of individual spores. Our observations reveal that the fraction of germinating and outgrowing spores is dependent on the duration of LPP-treatment reaching a minimum after 120 s. RecA-YFP (yellow fluorescence protein) fluorescence was detected only in few spores and developed in all outgrowing cells with a slight elevation in LPP-treated spores. Moreover, some of the vegetative bacteria derived from LPP-treated spores showed an increase in cytoplasm and tended to lyse. The described methods for analysis of individual spores could be exemplary for the study of other aspects of spore germination and outgrowth.

Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy

This protocol illustrates the important consecutive steps required to assess the relevance of monitoring vitality parameter and DNA repair processes in reviving Bacillus subtilis spores after treatment with low pressure plasma by tracking fluorescence-labelled DNA repair proteins via time-resolved confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

해로운 효과의 낮은 압력 플라즈마 살 균 새 균의 subtilis 포자를 사용 하 여 라이브 셀 현미경의 생존에 조사

Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods for industrial, clinical, and spaceflight purposes. Low pressure ...

생물학

만성적으로 예측할 수 없는 경미한 스트레스 쥐 모델 수립 및 검증Establishing and validating a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine

Depression is a prevalent affective disorder and constitutes a leading cause of global disability. The limitations of current pharmacological interventions contribute to the substantial health burden attributed to this condition. There is a pressing need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of depression, making pre-clinical models with translational potential highly valuable. Mongolian medicine, a subset of traditional medicine, posits that disease occurrence is closely tied to the equilibrium of wind, bile, and Phlegm. In this study, we introduce a protocol for the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method in rats. Within this framework, rats are subjected to a series of fluctuating, mild stressors to induce a depression-like phenotype, mimicking the pathogenesis of human depression. Behavioral assays employed in this protocol include the sucrose preference test (SPT), indicative of anhedonia-a core symptom of depression; the open field test (OFT), which measures anxiety levels; and the Morris water maze test (MWM), which evaluates spatial memory and learning abilities. The CUMS method demonstrates the capability to induce anhedonia and to cause long-term behavioral deficits. Furthermore, this protocol is more aligned with Mongolian medical theory than other animal models designed to elicit depression-like behavior. The development of this animal model and subsequent research provide a robust foundation for future innovative studies in the realm of Mongolian medicine.

저자 스포트라이트: 몽골 전통 의학에서 우울증 요인을 조사하기 위한 설치류 모델 확립

This protocol outlines a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model for depression based on Mongolian medical theory, along with methods for validating behavioral tests.

몽골 의학에 근거한 쥐의 만성 예측 불가능한 경미한 스트레스

Depression is a prevalent affective disorder and constitutes a leading cause of global disability. The limitations of current pharmacological ...

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Organisms are often exposed to fluctuating environments and changes in intracellular homeostasis, which can have detrimental effects on their proteome and physiology. Thus, organisms have evolved targeted and specific stress responses dedicated to repair damage and maintain homeostasis. These mechanisms include the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER), the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT), the heat shock response (HSR), and the oxidative stress response (OxSR). The protocols presented here describe methods to detect and characterize the activation of these pathways and their physiological consequences in the nematode, C. elegans. First, the use of pathway-specific fluorescent transcriptional reporters is described for rapid cellular characterization, drug screening, or large-scale genetic screening (e.g., RNAi or mutant libraries). In addition, complementary, robust physiological assays are described, which can be used to directly assess sensitivity of animals to specific stressors, serving as functional validation of the transcriptional reporters. Together, these methods allow for rapid characterization of the cellular and physiological effects of internal and external proteotoxic perturbations.

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Here, we characterize cellular proteotoxic stress responses in the nematode C. elegans by measuring the activation of fluorescent transcriptional reporters and assaying sensitivity to physiological stress.

C. Elegans의 생리적 스트레스 반응 측정

Organisms are often exposed to fluctuating environments and changes in intracellular homeostasis, which can have detrimental effects on their proteome and ...

히트의 예방에 의한 흰쥐의 반작용을 스트레스

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

쥐 메 틸-Seq 플랫폼 관련 스트레스에 노출 된 후 변경 내용을 확인 하

Caenorhabditis elegans의 열 충격 반응 유도를 측정하는 표준화된 방법

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

임상 관련성 및 메커니즘을 검사 하는 연구에 대 한 모델을 사용 하 여 쥐에 짧은 기간 저온증 유도

마우스에서 운동 열사병의 전임상 모델

해로운 효과의 낮은 압력 플라즈마 살 균 새 균의 subtilis 포자를 사용 하 여 라이브 셀 현미경의 생존에 조사

몽골 의학에 근거한 쥐의 만성 예측 불가능한 경미한 스트레스

몽골 의학에 근거한 쥐의 만성 예측 불가능한 경미한 스트레스

몽골 의학에 근거한 쥐의 만성 예측 불가능한 경미한 스트레스

C. Elegans의 생리적 스트레스 반응 측정