Name: inkjet-printed polyvinyl alcohol multilayers
Uploaded: 2017-05-11T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 11 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers at JoVE.com

저자는 DIRECT (33417-239227) 및 PCAP (27508-196153) 프로젝트에 따라이 연구에 자금을 지원하여 Innovate UK를 인정하고자합니다. 저자는 또한이 작업 동안 재료 및 전문 지침을 제공 한 PVOH Polymers Ltd.와 Unilever, AkzoNobel 및 Carclo Technical Plastics의 지원에 감사드립니다.

1. 잉크 제형 <ol><li> 60 ℃로 가열 된 정제수에 폴리 비닐 알콜 (PVOH 8 중량 %)을 용해시켜 IJP 용 용액을 준비합니다. </li><li> 보습 성분 인 모노 프로필렌 글리콜 (MPG) 10g (물에 모노 프로필렌 글리콜 10 중량 %)을 용액에 첨가한다. 참고 : 보습제의 역할은 프린트 헤드의 막힘을 방지하는 것입니다. </li><li> 균질성을 보장하기 위해 몇 시간 동안 용액을 저어주고 노즐을 막을 수있는 미립자를 제거하기 위해 5μm 필터로 여과하십시오. </li><li> 균질성, 특히 침강의 발생률에 대해 잉크를 육안으로 평가합니다. 침강이 관찰되면, 용액을 오랜 시간 (일) 동안 교반 / 초 음파 처리하거나 저 분자량의 PVOH로 새로운 수성 용액을 제조하십시오. 참고 : 밀봉 한 비커에 모든 유체를 실온에서 보관하십시오. </li></ol> 2. 잉크 특성화 <ol><li> 모든 잉크 문자를 수행하십시오.클린 룸 환경에서 실온에서의 자화 테스트. </li><li> 점도계를 사용하여 용액의 점도를 측정하십시오. 참고 :이 테스트는 공식화 된 잉크가 IJP 하드웨어와 호환되는지 확인하기 위해 필요합니다. 잉크젯 프린팅 공정은 4-20 cP의 저점도 용액이 필요합니다. 회전 점도계를 사용하여 전단 율의 함수로서 잉크의 점도를 측정합니다. </li><li> 펜던트 드롭 방식을 사용하여 실온에서 잉크의 표면 장력을 테스트합니다. 장력 계와 같은 적절한 측정 도구를 사용하십시오. 제조업체의 프로토콜을 사용하십시오. 참고 : 잉크젯 인쇄의 일반적인 솔루션은 표면 장력이 30-40 mN / m입니다. </li><li> pH 미터를 사용하여 pH를 시험하십시오. 제조업체의 프로토콜을 사용하십시오. 참고 : pH는 수성 잉크의 필수 매개 변수입니다. 공식화 된 솔루션의 특성과 안정성에 대한 필수 정보를 제공하기 때문입니다. pH가 7 인 중성 용액은 안정적인 pH를 보장합니다.인쇄 헤드의 양호한 수명을 보장합니다. </li><li> 정착 낙하 실험을 통해 접촉각을 측정하여 다른 기판에서 잉크의 젖음성을 평가합니다. 장력 계를 사용하여 가능한 기판 ( 예 : 유리, 플라스틱 및 종이)의 표면 에너지를 측정합니다. 장력 측정기 제조업체가 제공 한 프로토콜을 사용하여 표면 에너지를 측정합니다. 참고 : 잉크 방울과 인쇄물 사이의 상호 작용은 인쇄 품질에 큰 영향을줍니다. 기판에 대한 잉크의 양호한 접착을 보장하기 위해, 기판의 표면 에너지는 잉크의 표면 장력을 10-15 mN / m 초과해야한다. </li></ol> 3. 잉크젯 인쇄 참고 : 모든 잉크젯 인쇄 침착은 실온에서 수행되었습니다. PVOH 다층은 압전 하이브리드 잉크젯 인쇄기를 사용하여 증착되었다. 512 개의 노즐 (256 x 2 행), 30 μm 노즐 직경 및 42-pL 잉크 방울 크기를 가진 프린트 헤드가 사용되었습니다이 작품에서. <ol><li> 인쇄하기 전에 아세톤 / 메탄올 / 이소프로판올 및 디 물로 유리 기판을 완전히 닦아냅니다. N 2 건으로 기판을 건조시킵니다. </li><li> 인쇄물 위에 인쇄물을 놓고 단단히 고정 시키십시오. </li><li> 프린트 헤드를 통해 잉크를 플러시하여 카트리지를 준비하십시오. 저장소 및 노즐에서 공기 또는 세제를 제거하십시오. </li><li> 카트리지를 프린터에 넣으십시오. 헤드 개성 보드를 통해 프린트 헤드를 글로벌 잉크젯 시스템 (GIS) 인쇄 관리자에 연결하십시오. </li><li> 카트리지 위에있는 150 mL 주사기에 용액을 넣고 밀폐 된 캡으로 주사기를 밀봉하십시오. </li><li> 퍼지 버튼을 눌러 노즐을 통해 잉크를 퍼지합니다. 참고 : 노즐 - 기판 거리는 제트 궤적에 영향을 미치므로 인쇄 된 패턴의 품질에 영향을 미칩니다. 따라서 분사 소프트웨어를 줄이기 위해 프린터의 소프트웨어를 사용하여 노즐 - 기판 거리를 조정하십시오. </li><li> 세트GIS 인쇄 소프트웨어와 표 2 를 사용하여 파형 및 인쇄 매개 변수를 높입니다. 참고 : GIS 소프트웨어 인터페이스를 사용하면 그리기 및 해제 진폭과 너비를 모두 제어 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> GIS 인쇄 관리자 소프트웨어를 사용하여 인쇄 할 이미지 파일을로드하십시오. </li><li> 디지털 프로세스를 시작하고 이미지 패턴을 인쇄물 위에 인쇄하십시오. </li></ol> 4. 인쇄 된 패턴 분석 <ol><li> 광학 현미경을 사용하여 인쇄 된 패턴의 품질을 조사하십시오. 인쇄 된 피처에 결함이 있는지 확인하고 더 많은 레이어를 인쇄 할 때 품질이 향상되는지 평가하십시오. </li><li> 3D 광학 현미경을 통해 비접촉 3D 표면 프로파일 미터 (백색광 간섭계 기반)를 사용하여 잉크젯 인쇄 멀티 레이어의 표면 토폴로지 및 두께 프로파일을 평가합니다. 참고 : 공식화 / 인쇄 및 특성화에 사용 된 측정 및 계측기에 대한 자세한 내용인쇄 된 패턴은 참고 문헌 21 에 제시되어있다. </li></ol>

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저자는 공개 할 것이 없습니다.

이 작업에서 폴리머 멀티 레이어를 증착하는 잉크젯 프린팅 기술의 능력을 성공적으로 입증했습니다. 레올 로지 거동을 조사한 결과, 공식화 된 잉크는 가소성 전단 묽어 짐 거동을 보여 주었다. 또한, PVOH 잉크는 중성 용액 (pH 7)이며 시간 경과에 따른 양호한 안정성을 나타낸다. 특히, IJP 기술이 폴리 비닐 알콜 다층 구조를 생산할 수 있다는 것이 성공적으로 입증되었지만, 인쇄 범위와 전반적인...

폴리 비닐 알콜은 반 결정질이며 인위적이며 독성이 없으며 수용성이며 대부분의 유기 용제에는 녹지 않으며 생체 내 분해가 가능하며 인체 조직에는 생체 적합성이 있으며 우수한 가스 차단 성을 나타냅니다 1 . 또한, PVOH는 많은 유용한 특성 때문에 많은 응용 분야에서 널리 사용됩니다. 요즘 PVOH는 세척 및 세제 제품, 식품 포장 산업, 수처리, 섬유, 농업 및 건설 (첨가물)의 제조에 사용됩니다 1 . 그러나 PVOH는 최근 약물 사용 2 (약물 전달) 및 의학 응용 3 , 4 ( 예 : 상처 드레싱, 소프트 콘택트 렌즈, 안약 및 연골 대체 용 연성 임플란트)에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있습니다. PVOH 필름은 용융물 또는 용액 형태로 생산됩니다. 용융 처리가 호환 됨가수 분해 수준이 낮은 PVOH 또는 극도로 가소 화 된 PVOH로만 가능합니다. 따라서이 경로를 사용할 때 일부 특성이 희생 될 수 있습니다 1 . 다른 한편, PVOH 층은 드롭 캐스팅 (drop casting) 5 , 스핀 코팅 (spin coating) 6 또는 전기 방사 (electrospinning) 7 에 의해 용액 형태를 통해 증착 될 수있다. 그러나, 이들 방법은 원하지 않는 물질의 낭비 측면에서 여러 가지 한계가있다. 예를 들어, 스핀 코팅의 경우, 재료의 95 %가 낭비되는 것으로보고되었다. 또한, 이러한 방법은 설계 / 피쳐 (패터닝 기능 없음)의 관점에서 상당히 엄격하며 전체적인 처리 비용이 높습니다. 기존 솔루션 처리의 한계를 극복하기 위해 여기서는 재료 및 응용 모두에 강한 영향을 미치는 폴리 비닐 알코올 (PVOH) 다층 구조를 생산하기위한 새로운 플랫폼을 제공하기 위해 잉크젯 인쇄 기술의 잠재력을 연구합니다.의학 관점. 최근 제조 부문의 발전은 저렴하고 간단하며 친환경적이며 에너지 절약적인 프로세스에 초점을 맞추고 있습니다. 잉크젯 인쇄 (IJP)는이 프레임 워크 내에서 완벽하게 맞는 현대의 제조 공정입니다. IJP 기술의 주요 이점은 재료 사용 효율, 디지털 (마스크없는) 및 부가 패터닝, 대용량 기능, 강성 / 유연성 기판과의 호환성 및 저렴한 비용입니다. IJP는 용매에 분산 된 고분자 물질을 사용하는 증착 방법입니다. 지금까지, 기능성 고분자 - 9 , 세라믹 - 10 , 전도성 나노 재료 - 11 , 2D - 12 , 생물학적 - 및 약제 - 기반 재료가 성공적으로 증착되었다. 최근에, IJP는 전자 장치의 일부로서 구성 요소의 침착에 관여하고 있으며,트랜지스터 (14) , 센서 ( 15) , 태양 전지 ( 16) , 및 메모리 장치 ( 17 )뿐만 아니라 전자 패키징 ( 18) 잉크, 카트리지 및 인쇄물은 인쇄 공정에서 사용되는 똑같이 중요한 구성 요소입니다. 첫째, 표면 장력 및 유변학 적 성질 ( 예 : 전단 점도)과 같은 잉크의 물리적 성질은 인쇄 성 행동에 중요한 영향을 미칩니다. 또한 pH는 용액 ( 예 : 건조, 거품 및 점도) 및 IJP 인쇄 카트리지의 수명에 중요한 역할을합니다. 둘째, 카트리지 (압전기)의 경우, 구동 전압 파형은 액체 방울의 방향 형성 및 균일 성 모두를 실질적으로 드롭 형성을 정의한다. 마지막으로, 잉크 / 기판 상호 작용이 해상도와 정확도가 매우 잘 이해되는 것이 필수적입니다이 인터페이스에 강하게 의존하고 있습니다. 용매 증발, 액체에서 고체로의 상 변화 및 화학 반응은 유체 방울과 기질 사이에서 발생하는 주요 과정입니다. 잉크 특성에서 드롭 / 기질 메커니즘에 이르기까지 IJP와 관련된 모든 측면이 Hutchings 19 및 Derby 20의 검토 논문에서 강조되었습니다. 이 연구에서는 폴리 비닐 알콜 멀티 레이어를 제조하기 위해 IJP의 기능을 탐구합니다. 먼저, PVOH 수용성 잉크를 제조하고 유변학 적 거동, 표면 장력 및 pH와 같은 주요 물성을 조사 하였다. 이 작업에서는 압전 잉크젯 프린터를 사용하여 적절한 파형 매개 변수를 확인했습니다. PVOH 다층을 인쇄하고, 광학 현미경으로 품질 및 표면 / 두께 프로파일을 평가 하였다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Polyvinyl alcohol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>PVOH Polymers Ltd, UK</td><td>Poval 4-88</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mono-propylene glycol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich, UK</td><td>W29004</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DV2T viscometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Brookfield, UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Attension Theta Optical Tensiometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Biolin Scientific, Sweden</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HANNA pH meter&amp;nbsp;</td><td>HANNA Instruments, UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>industrial Inkjet XYPrint100Z</td><td>Industrial Inkjet Ltd, UK</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ContourGT-K 3D optical microscope&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Bruker Corp, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

inkjet-printed polyvinyl alcohol multilayers

잉크젯 프린팅은 폴리머 가공을위한 현대적인 방법이며이 작업에서이 기술로 폴리 비닐 알콜 (PVOH) 다층 구조를 생산할 수 있음을 입증합니다. 폴리 비닐 알콜 수용액을 조제 하였다. 표면 장력, 점도, pH 및 시간 안정성과 같은 잉크의 고유 특성을 조사했습니다. PVOH 계 잉크는 39.3 mN / m의 표면 장력 및 7.5 cP의 점도를 갖는 중성 용액 (pH 6.7)이었다. 잉크는 저 전단 속도에서 가소성 (비 뉴톤 식 전단 묽어 짐) 거동을 나타내었고 전체적으로 우수한 시간 안정성을 나타 냈습니다. 상이한 기판상의 잉크의 습윤성이 조사되었고,이 특정 경우에 유리가 가장 적합한 기판으로 확인되었다. 독점적 인 3D 잉크젯 프린터를 사용하여 폴리머 다층 구조를 제조했습니다. 잉크젯 인쇄 된 다중 층의 형태, 표면 프로파일 및 두께 균일 성을 광학 현미경.

표면 장력, 점도 / 유동 학적 거동, pH, 습윤 및 시간 안정성과 같은 PVOH 수성 잉크의 물리적 특성을 조사했습니다. 이 작업에 사용 된 잉크의 점도는 7.5 cP이고 표면 장력은 39.3 mN / m이었다. 또한, 배합 된 잉크는 중성 (pH 7)이며, 결과는 표 1 에 요약되어있다. <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td> 잉크 </td...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers at JoVE.com

Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers

잉크젯 프린터는 폴리 비닐 알코올 다층을 제조하는데 사용되었다. 폴리 비닐 알콜 수성 잉크를 제조하고 주요 물성을 조사 하였다.

잉크젯으로 인쇄 된 폴리 비닐 알코올 다층

Inkjet printing is a modern method for polymer processing, and in this work, we demonstrate that this technology is capable of producing polyvinyl alcohol ...

inkjet-printed-polyvinyl-alcohol-multilayers

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

12.5K 조회수.  De Montfort University.  잉크젯 프린터는 폴리 비닐 알코올 다층을 제조하는데 사용되었다. 폴리 비닐 알콜 수성 잉크를 제조하고 주요 물성을 조사 하였다. 

비디오: Inkjet-printed Polyvinyl Alcohol Multilayers

Polymer Microarrays for High Throughput Discovery of Biomaterials

The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a combinatorial library of materials to be screened in a parallel, high throughput format1. Herein is described the formation and characterization of a polymer microarray using an on-chip photopolymerization technique 2. This involves mixing monomers at varied ratios to produce a library of monomer solutions, transferring the solution to a glass slide format using a robotic printing device and curing with UV irradiation. This format is readily amenable to many biological assays, including stem cell attachment and proliferation, cell sorting and low bacterial adhesion, allowing the ready identification of 'hit' materials that fulfill a specific biological criterion3-5. Furthermore, the use of high throughput surface characterization (HTSC) allows the biological performance to be correlated with physio-chemical properties, hence elucidating the biological-material interaction6. HTSC makes use of water contact angle (WCA) measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In particular, ToF-SIMS provides a chemically rich analysis of the sample that can be used to correlate the cell response with a molecular moiety. In some cases, the biological performance can be predicted from the ToF-SIMS spectra, demonstrating the chemical dependence of a biological-material interaction, and informing the development of hit materials5,3.

A description of the formation of a polymer microarray using an on-chip photopolymerization technique. The high throughput surface characterization using atomic force microscopy, water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and a cell attachment assay is also described.

Biomaterials 높은 처리량 발견을위한 폴리머 Microarrays

The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a ...

연구

생체공학

Layer-by-layer Synthesis and Transfer of Freestanding Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanomembranes

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in combination with their outstanding thermal and chemical stability, and low densities. However, their insoluble nature causes problems in their processing since usually applied techniques such as spin coating are not available. Especially for membrane applications, where the processing of CMP as thin films is desirable, the processing problems have hindered their commercial application.
Here we describe the interfacial synthesis of CMP thin films on functionalized substrates via molecular layer-by-layer (l-b-l) synthesis. This process allows the preparation of films with desired thickness and composition and even desired composition gradients.
The use of sacrificial supports allows the preparation of freestanding membranes by dissolution of the support after the synthesis. To handle such ultra-thin freestanding membranes the protection with sacrificial coatings showed great promise, to avoid rupture of the nanomembranes. To transfer the nanomembranes to the desired substrate, the coated membranes are upfloated at the air-liquid interface and then transferred via dip coating.

In this paper we describe the interfacial synthesis of conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) on sacrificial substrates, and the dissolution of the substrate for the preparation of freestanding CMP nanomembranes. In addition, we will describe how the fragile nanomembranes can be transferred to other substrates.

레이어로 레이어 합성 및 독립 구조로 서있는 공역 미세 다공성 고분자 Nanomembranes의 전송

CMP as large surface area materials have attracted growing interest recently, due to their high variability in the incorporation of functional groups in ...

화학

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.

임의 기판에 활용 된 고분자 필름의 반응성 증 착

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl dimethyl azlactone) (PGMA-b-PVDMA), are presented. Due to the high reactivity of azlactone groups towards amine, thiol, and hydroxyl groups, PGMA-b-PVDMA surfaces can be modified with secondary molecules to create chemically or biologically functionalized interfaces for a variety of applications. Previous reports of patterned PGMA-b-PVDMA interfaces have used traditional top-down patterning techniques that generate non-uniform films and poorly controlled background chemistries. Here, we describe customized patterning techniques that enable precise deposition of highly uniform PGMA-b-PVDMA films in backgrounds that are chemically inert or that have biomolecule-repellent properties. Importantly, these methods are designed to deposit PGMA-b-PVDMA films in a manner that completely preserves azlactone functionality through each processing step. Patterned films show well-controlled thicknesses that correspond to polymer brushes (~90 nm) or to highly crosslinked structures (~1-10 &#956;m). Brush patterns are generated using either the parylene lift-off or interface directed assembly methods described and are useful for precise modulation of overall chemical surface reactivity by adjusting either the PGMA-b-PVDMA pattern density or the length of the VDMA block. In contrast, the thick, crosslinked PGMA-b-PVDMA patterns are obtained using a customized micro-contact printing technique and offer the benefit of higher loading or capture of secondary material due to higher surface area to volume ratios. Detailed experimental steps, critical film characterizations, and trouble-shooting guides for each fabrication method are discussed.

Surface fabrication methods for patterned deposition of nanometer thick brushes or micron thick, crosslinked films of an azlactone block co-polymer are reported. Critical experimental steps, representative results, and limitations of each method are discussed. These methods are useful for creating functional interfaces with tailored physical features and tunable surface reactivity.

브러쉬 모양의 반응 표면 날조 및 Azlactone 기능성된 블록 공동 고분자의 가교 된 영화

In this paper, fabrication methods that generate novel surfaces using the azlactone-based block co-polymer, poly (glycidyl methacrylate)-block-poly (vinyl ...

공학

Polymeric Microneedle Array Fabrication by Photolithography

This manuscript describes the fabrication of polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays by photolithography. It involves a simple mold-free process by using a photomask consisting of embedded micro-lenses. Embedded micro-lenses were found to influence MN geometry (sharpness). Robust MN arrays with tip diameters ranging between 41.5 &#181;m &#177; 8.4 &#181;m and 71.6 &#181;m &#177; 13.7 &#181;m, with two different lengths (1,336 &#181;m &#177; 193 &#181;m and 957 &#181;m &#177; 171 &#181;m) were fabricated. These MN arrays may provide potential applications in delivery of low molecular and macromolecular therapeutic agents through skin.

Here, we present a protocol describing a mold-free fabrication process of the polymeric microneedles by photolithography.

포토 리소그래피에 의해 고분자 미세 바늘 어레이 제작

This manuscript describes the fabrication of polymeric microneedle (MN) arrays by photolithography. It involves a simple mold-free process by using a ...

Inkjet Printing All Inorganic Halide Perovskite Inks for Photovoltaic Applications

A method for synthesizing photoactive inorganic&#160;perovskite quantum dot inks and an inkjet printer deposition method, using the synthesized inks, are demonstrated. The ink synthesis is based on a simple wet chemical reaction and the inkjet printing protocol is a facile step by step method. The inkjet printed thin films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescent spectroscopy, and electronic transport measurements. X-ray diffraction of the printed quantum dot films indicates a crystal structure consistent with an orthorhombic room temperature phase with (001) orientation. In conjunction with other characterization methods, the X-ray diffraction&#160;measurements show high quality films can be obtained through the inkjet printing method.

A protocol for synthesizing inorganic-lead-halide hybrid perovskite quantum dot inks for inkjet printing and the protocol for preparing and printing the quantum dot inks in an inkjet printer with post characterization techniques are presented.

태양광 응용 프로그램에 대 한 모든 무기 할로겐 페로 잉크를 인쇄 하는 잉크젯

A method for synthesizing photoactive inorganic&#160;perovskite quantum dot inks and an inkjet printer deposition method, using the synthesized inks, are ...

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

A method to combine additively manufactured substrates or foils and multilayer inkjet printing for the fabrication of sensor devices is presented. First, three substrates (acrylate, ceramics, and copper) are prepared. To determine the resulting material properties of these substrates, profilometer, contact angle, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and focused ion beam (FIB) measurements are done. The achievable printing resolution and suitable drop volume for each substrate are, then, found through the drop size tests. Then, layers of insulating and conductive ink are inkjet printed alternately to fabricate the target sensor structures. After each printing step, the respective layers are individually treated by photonic curing. The parameters used for the curing of each layer are adapted depending on the printed ink, as well as on the surface properties of the respective substrate. To confirm the resulting conductivity and to determine the quality of the printed surface, four-point probe and profilometer measurements are done. Finally, a measurement set-up and results achieved by such an all-printed sensor system are shown to demonstrate the achievable quality.

Here we present a protocol for the fabrication of inkjet-printed multilayer sensor structures on additively manufactured substrates and foil.

스마트 센서의 제조에 인쇄 하는 하이브리드

A method to combine additively manufactured substrates or foils and multilayer inkjet printing for the fabrication of sensor devices is presented. First, ...

Multimodal 3D Printing of Phantoms to Simulate Biological Tissue

Biomedical optical imaging is playing an important role in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the accuracy and the reproducibility of an optical imaging device are greatly affected by the performance characteristics of its components, the test environment, and the operations. Therefore, it is necessary to calibrate these devices by traceable phantom standards. However, most of the currently available phantoms are homogeneous phantoms that cannot simulate multimodal and dynamic characteristics of biological tissue. Here, we show the fabrication of heterogeneous tissue-simulating phantoms using a production line integrating a spin coating module, a polyjet module, a fused deposition modeling (FDM) module, and an automatic control framework. The structural information and the optical parameters of a &#34;digital optical phantom&#34; are defined in a prototype file, imported to the production line, and fabricated layer-by-layer with sequential switch between different printing modalities. Technical capability of such a production line is exemplified by the automatic printing of skin-simulating phantoms that comprise the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, and an embedded tumor.

Spin coating, polyjet printing, and fused deposition modeling are integrated to produce multilayered heterogeneous phantoms that simulate structural and functional properties of biological tissue.

생물학적 조직을 시뮬레이션하기 위한 팬텀의 멀티모달 3D 프린팅

Biomedical optical imaging is playing an important role in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. However, the accuracy and the reproducibility of ...

Multi-step Variable Height Photolithography for Valved Multilayer Microfluidic Devices

Microfluidic systems have enabled powerful new approaches to high-throughput biochemical and biological analysis. However, there remains a barrier to entry for non-specialists who would benefit greatly from the ability to develop their own microfluidic devices to address research questions. Particularly lacking has been the open dissemination of protocols related to photolithography, a key step in the development of a replica mold for the manufacture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices. While the fabrication of single height silicon masters has been explored extensively in literature, fabrication steps for more complicated photolithography features necessary for many interesting device functionalities (such as feature rounding to make valve structures, multi-height single-mold patterning, or high aspect ratio definition) are often not explicitly outlined. 
Here, we provide a complete protocol for making multilayer microfluidic devices with valves and complex multi-height geometries, tunable for any application. These fabrication procedures are presented in the context of a microfluidic hydrogel bead synthesizer and demonstrate the production of droplets containing polyethylene glycol (PEG diacrylate) and a photoinitiator that can be polymerized into solid beads. This protocol and accompanying discussion provide a foundation of design principles and fabrication methods that enables development of a wide variety of microfluidic devices. The details included here should allow non-specialists to design and fabricate novel devices, thereby bringing a host of recently developed technologies to their most exciting applications in biological laboratories.

Multilayer microfluidic devices often involve the fabrication of master molds with complex geometries for functionality. This article presents a complete protocol for multi-step photolithography with valves and variable height features tunable to any application. As a demonstration, we fabricate a microfluidic droplet generator capable of producing hydrogel beads.

판막 다층 미세 유체 장치에 대한 여러 단계의 변수 높이 포토 리소그래피

Microfluidic systems have enabled powerful new approaches to high-throughput biochemical and biological analysis. However, there remains a barrier to ...

Frugal Imaging Technique of Capillary Flow Through Three-Dimensional Polymeric Printing Powders

The development of novel imaging techniques of molecular and colloidal transport, including nanoparticles, is an area of active investigation in microfluidic and millifluidic studies. With the advent of three-dimensional (3D) printing, a new domain of materials has emerged, thereby increasing the demand for novel polymers. Specifically, polymeric powders, with average particle sizes on the order of a micron, are experiencing a growing interest from academic and industrial communities. Controlling material tunability at the mesoscopic to microscopic length scales creates opportunities to develop innovative materials, such as gradient materials. Recently, a need for micron-sized polymeric powders has been growing, as clear applications for the material are developing. Three-dimensional printing provides a high-throughput process with a direct link to new applications, driving investigations into the physio-chemical and transport interactions on a mesoscale. The protocol that is discussed in this article provides a non-invasive technique to image fluid flow in packed powder beds, providing high temporal and spatial resolution while leveraging mobile technology that is readily available from mobile devices, such as smartphones. By utilizing a common mobile device, the imaging costs that would normally be associated with an optical microscope are eliminated, resulting in a frugal-science approach. The proposed protocol has successfully characterized a variety of combinations of fluids and powders, creating a diagnostic platform for quickly imaging and identifying an optimal combination of fluid and powder.

The proposed technique will provide a novel, efficient, frugal, and non-invasive approach for imaging fluidic flow through a packed powder bed, yielding high spatial and temporal resolution.