This work was supported by US Public Health Service grants NIH RO1s HL67828, HL95077, HL114120, and UO1 HL100407-project 4 (to JZ), an American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (16SDG30410018) and a Research Voucher Award from University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Clinical and Translational Science (to WZ).

모든 실험 절차는 버밍엄에서 알라바마 대학의 동물 가이드 라인에 따라 수행된다. 1. hiPSC-CM이에 hiPSCs 차별화 <ol><li> 코트 밤새 4 ℃에서 사전 냉각 된 성장 인자 - 감소 된 젤라틴 단백질 혼합물로 6 웰 플레이트의 웰. 사용하기 전에 젤라틴 단백질 혼합물을 기음. 5 % CO 2, 10 μM의 ROCK 저해제와 37 ° C mTeSR1 중간 보충에있는 세포 (물론 당 1 × 10 5 세포를) 미리 코팅 된 플레이트 상에 hiPSCs 종자, 문화. </li><li> 세포가 90 % 합류에 도달 할 때까지 매일 배지를 새로 고침; 다음, 5 % CO 2, 37 ° C 두 개 더 일 동안 매체 (0.5 mg을 젤라틴 단백질 6 웰 플레이트 당 혼합물, 잘 당 2 ㎖의 중간), 문화에 세포 성장 인자 감소 젤라틴 단백질 혼합물을 추가합니다. <ol><li> 매체를 교체하려면, 부드럽게 진공 통해 페트리 접시에서 매체를 빨아아웃 셀을 터치하고, 전송 피펫을 사용하여 새로운 매체를 추가합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 보충 된 RPMI1640 배지 배지로 대체하여 분화를 시작하지 않고 인슐린 젤라틴 단백질 혼합물 B27를 성장 인자 - 감소, 100 NG / ㎖ 티빈 a 및 문화 5 % CO 2, 24 시간 동안 37 ℃에서 세포. </li><li> ; RPMI1640 인슐린없이 B27로 보충 된 배지 10 NG / ㎖ 뼈 형태 형성 단백질 4 (BMP-4), 10 ng의 / ㎖ 염기성 섬유 아세포 성장 인자 (bFGF)와 매체를 대체 문화 5 % CO 2, 96 시간 동안 37 ℃에서 세포. </li><li> B27 보충 된 RPMI1640 배지로 배지를 교체하고, 5 % CO 2 및 37 ° C에서 배양 세포를 계속; 3 일마다 배지를 새로 고칩니다. </li><li> 분화를 시작 후 3 일 ~ 현미경으로 세포를 수축의 클러스터를 관찰한다. ~ 칠일 최초의 수축을 관찰 한 후 클러스터를 수집하고 행크스 균형 소금 솔루션에 씻어. <ol><li> 부드러운 진동 37 ºC에서 10 분 동안 100 U는 / ㎖ 콜라게나 제 IV 포함 행크스 버퍼를 배양하여 접시에 클러스터 된 세포를 떼어 놓다; 이어서, 5 분 동안 에틸렌 디아민 테트라 아세트산 (EDTA) 0.25 % 트립신을 추가한다. </li><li> RPMI / B27 배지에서 10 % 소 태아 혈청 효소 용액을 중화하고 RPMI / B27 배지에서 세포를 재현 탁. </li><li> 혈구에 의해 세포 수를 계산. 문화 비 심근 세포가 배양 용기의 표면에 부착 할 수 있도록 5 % CO 2, 적어도 3 시간 동안 37 ℃에서 10cm 접시에 세포. </li></ol></li><li> hiPSC-CMS에 포함 된 세포 현탁액을 수집하고, 단백질 혼합물을 젤라틴 코팅 된 표면을 배양함으로써 (10cm 접시 당 1 × 106 세포 주위) 세포를 유지한다. </li></ol> 2. hiPSC-되는 EC에 hiPSCs 차별화 <ol><li> 일을 배양하여 단일 세포로 hiPSC 인구 해리5 % CO 2, 5 분 동안 37 ° C에서 킬레이트 제와 엠. mTeSR1 신선한 배지를 함유하는 15 mL의 원심 분리 튜브에 세포를 옮긴다. </li><li> 5 분 동안 200 XG에서 세포를 스핀 다운. 10 μM의 ROCK 저해제로 보충 mTeSR1 매체에 세포를 재현 탁. 혈구와 셀 밀도를 결정합니다. </li><li> 24 웰 플레이트 잘 하나에 20 NIH 단위 / ml의 트롬빈 용액 250 μl를 추가합니다. </li><li> 12.5 ㎎ / ㎖ 피브리노겐 용액 250 ㎕를 1 × 10 6 hiPSCs를 추가합니다. 그리고 트롬빈로드 웰에 세포 함유 피브리노겐 용액 250 μl를 추가합니다. 혼합물 분 내에 hiPSC 함유 섬유소 발판을 형성하기 위해 응고 관찰한다. </li><li> 커버 유리 집게로 6 웰 플레이트에 고화 셀 - 함유 지지체를 전송하고, 인슐린없이 2 % B27 보충 2ml의 EBM2 매체 골격을 배양하여 분화를 개시, 티빈-A (50 NG / ㎖) BMP-4 24 시간 동안 (25 NG / ㎖), 5 % CO에서 <sUB&gt;이 37 ° C를. <ol><li> 부드럽게 세포를 건드리지 않고 진공을 통해 기존의 매체를 흡입하여 매체를 교체합니다. 인슐린없이 B27 보충 된 새로운 EBM2 매체, 혈관 내피 성장 인자 (VEGF, 50 NG / ㎖) 에리트로 포이 에틴 (EPO 100 NG / ㎖) 및 변형 성장 인자 β1 (TGFβ1 10 NG / ㎖)과 문화 추가 5 %에서 비계 CO 2, 48 시간 동안 37 ° C. </li><li> 매체와 문화 5 % CO 2와 다른 48 시간 동안 37 ℃에서 공사장 공중 발판을 새로 고침; 다음에, 배지에 200 U의 콜라게나 제 IV (100 U / ㎖)을 첨가하여 지지체로부터 세포를 분리. </li><li> 이 출시 된 후 세포를 스핀 다운. B27, VEGF-A (50 NG / ㎖) 및 SB-431542 (10 μM)의 2 % 용액이 보충-MV EGM2 배지로 배지를 교체; 매 2 일 매체를 새로 고칩니다. </li><li> 100 U와 / ㎖ 콜라게나 제 IV를 세포를 떼어 놓다 약 10 일 후 (~ 분화가 시작된 후 하루 14 예), 시간을 분리유동 세포 계측법을 통한 분화 세포 집단에서 IPSC의 EC-EC는 특정 마커 단백질의 발현을 분석하여 (예를 들어, CD31, CD144) 3. </li><li> 설립 프로토콜 (3)을 통해 고립 hiPSC-되는 EC를 확장합니다. </li></ol></li></ol> 3. hiPSC-SMCs에 hiPSCs 차별화 <ol><li> 젤라틴 단백질 혼합물로 코팅 된 플레이트 상에 hiPSCs 종자, 문화 mTeSR1 배지에서 세포를 5 % CO 2, 37 ℃에서 하루 중 변화와 합류 할 때까지 (~ 2 일간). </li><li> 3 일간 RPMI1640 배지 및 2 % B27 플러스 인슐린에 CHIR99021 (5 μM) 및 BMP-4 (10 ng의 / ㎖) 세포를 배양하여 혈통 중배엽 세포로의 분화를 시작. </li><li> 주로 합성 표현형과 hiPSC-SMCs을 생성하려면 : <ol><li> 문화 VEGF-A (25 NG / ㎖), RPMI1640 내에서 섬유 아세포 성장 인자 β (FGFβ 5 NG / ㎖)을 세포<html> dium, 2 %의 B27 마이너스 인슐린 5 % CO 2에서 4 일 동안 37 ° C. </li><li> 문화 VEGF-A의 셀 (25 NG / ㎖) FGFβ 5 % CO 2 및 37 RPMI1640 배지 (5 NG / ㎖)에 2 % B27 플러스 인슐린 2 일 동안 C를 °. </li><li> 문화 혈소판 유래 성장 인자 β (PDGFβ 10 NG / ㎖), TGFβ, 5 % CO 2 및 37 RPMI1640 (3 NG / ㎖), 2 % B27 플러스 인슐린 세포 4 일 동안 C를 °. </li></ol></li><li> 주로 수축 표현형과 hiPSC-SMCs을 생성하려면 : <ol><li> 문화 4 RPMI1640에서 VEGF-A와 일 (25 NG / ㎖) 및 FGFβ (5 NG / ㎖) 및 2 % B27 마이너스 인슐린에 대한 세포. </li><li> RPMI1640 배양하고, 2 % B27 플러스 인슐린 PDGFβ (5 NG / mL) 및 TGFβ (2.5 NG / ㎖) 7 일 동안 세포. </li></ol></li><li> 6 ~ 일 대사 RPMI1640 배지를 함유하는 락트산 (4 mM)을 상기 세포를 배양하여 최종 hiPSC SMC-집단을 정제. </li></ol>jove_title &quot;&gt; 4. IGF-포함하는 마이크로 스피어 만들기 <ol><li> 열 올리브 오일 수조에서 45 ° C까지. </li><li> 열 50 ° C로 10 % 젤라틴 용액 5 ㎖. </li><li> 올리브 오일, 볶음에 젤라틴을 추가하고 물을 욕조에 얼음을 추가하여 5 ° C에 다음 급속 냉각. </li><li> 스물 다섯 분 후, 마이크로 스피어의 형성을 유도하기 위해 올리브 오일에 냉장 (4 ℃로) 아세톤을 추가합니다. </li><li> 도 5에서의 온도를 유지 1 시간 동안 ° C; 다음 올리브 오일을 제거하기 위해 미리 냉각 아세톤으로 그들에게 5 번 세척, 미세을 수집하고, 4 ℃에서 자연 건조로 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 가교 결합을 유도 밤새 4 ℃에서 70 % 에탄올 및 0.25 %의 글루 타르 알데히드의 용액에 미소 구를 재현 탁하고 100mM의 글리신과 혼합하여 중화. </li><li> H를 30 분 동안 5 μg의 IGF와 0.1 % 소 혈청 알부민을 함유하는 2 O 증류수 15 ㎕의 5 mg의 미세 구를 혼합하여 미립자로로드 IGF. </li></ol> 5. 세포를 손상의 사이트를 통해 패치를 작성 및 주입 <ol><li> 1 ml의 최소 필수 중간 (MEM)에 함께 hiPSC 파생 SMCs (100 만)의 CM (200 만), 및되는 EC (1000000)를 일시 중단합니다. </li><li> 1 ㎖의 피브리노겐 용액 (25 ㎎ / ㎖)에 5 ㎎ 미소 일시 중단. </li><li> 셀 - 함유 용액, 피브리노겐 / 미세 용액과 다른 주사기 및 트롬빈 용액 1 ㎖와 함께 제 주사기 한 주사기를 채우기 (80 NIH 단위 / ㎖, 2 ㎕의 400 mM의 CaCl2를 200 mM의 ε 아미노 카프로 보충 산). </li><li> 수술이 이전에 설명 된 바와 같이 관상 동맥을 내림차순 왼쪽 전방의 결찰을 통해 돼지 심장에서 심근 경색을 유도한다. 참고 : 간단한, 여성 요크셔 돼지에서 (~ 13kg이, 연령 45 일)을 Telazol / 크 실라 (4.4 ㎎ / ㎏)의 근육 내 주사로 진정되고, 이소 플루 란 (0.5 %)와 전신 마취하에 삽관. 4 번째 intercostal 개흉술을 수행하고 노출 관상 동맥을 내림차순 앞쪽에 남아 있습니다. 관상 동맥을 60 분간 결찰하여 가려 짐 후 봉합사를 제거한다. 직접 전기 세동은 심실 세동의 경우에서 수행된다. </li><li> 돼지 마음의 경색 영역의 심장 외막에 멸균 플라스틱 링 (~ 2.5 cm)을 배치하고 동시에 링에 미세 / 피브리노겐과 트롬빈 솔루션을 주입. </li><li> 혼합물 (~ 30 초)을 고화하도록 한 다음 세포를 심근 경색으로 응고 된 혼합물을 통해 세포 함유 주사기의 바늘을 삽입하고 삽입. 3-0 또는 2-0 Monocryl 봉합이 동물의 크기에 따라와 근육 층, 피하 조직, 그리고 가슴 벽을 닫습니다. 부 프레 노르 핀 0.01-0.02 밀리그램 / kg 근육 내 주사는 8 시간마다 수술 후 처음 3 일 동안 통증을 제어하는 ​​데 사용된다. </li><li> 심장 자기 공명를 사용하여 심장 기능을 평가수술 한 주일 수술 2, 3, 4 이후 사주 전 영상 (MRI). 최종 MRI 연구 후에, 동물을 희생하고 조직 학적 및 분자 분석을 2, 3, 4의 마음을 처리한다. </li></ol>

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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+administration+of+cardiac+progenitor+cells+alleviates+left+ventricular+dysfunction+in+rats+with+a+30-day-old+infarction.">Intracoronary administration of cardiac progenitor cells alleviates left ventricular dysfunction in rats with a 30-day-old infarction.</a> Circulation. 121 (2), 293-305 (2010).</li><li>Zeng, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioenergetic+and+functional+consequences+of+bone+marrow-derived+multipotent+progenitor+cell+transplantation+in+hearts+with+postinfarction+left+ventricular+remodeling.">Bioenergetic and functional consequences of bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cell transplantation in hearts with postinfarction left ventricular remodeling.</a> Circulation. 115 (14), 1866-1875 (2007).</li><li>Davis, M. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+myocardial+insulin-like+growth+factor+1+(IGF-1)+delivery+with+biotinylated+peptide+nanofibers+improves+cell+therapy+for+myocardial+infarction.">Local myocardial insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) delivery with biotinylated peptide nanofibers improves cell therapy for myocardial infarction.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (21), 8155-8160 (2006).</li><li>Li, Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overexpression+of+insulin-like+growth+factor-1+in+mice+protects+from+myocyte+death+after+infarction,+attenuating+ventricular+dilation,+wall+stress,+and+cardiac+hypertrophy.">Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in mice protects from myocyte death after infarction, attenuating ventricular dilation, wall stress, and cardiac hypertrophy.</a> J Clin Invest. 100 (8), 1991-1999 (1997).</li><li>Wang, L., Ma, W., Markovich, R., Chen, J. W., Wang, P. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+cardiomyocyte+apoptotic+signaling+by+insulin-like+growth+factor+I.">Regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptotic signaling by insulin-like growth factor I.</a> Circ Res. 83 (5), 516-522 (1998).</li><li>Chong, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+embryonic-stem-cell-derived+cardiomyocytes+regenerate+non-human+primate+hearts.">Human embryonic-stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerate non-human primate hearts.</a> Nature. 510 (7504), 273-277 (2014).</li></ol>

hiPSC-CM이 향상된 수율 / 순도 의 CM으로 인간의 줄기 세포를 분화에 대한 기존의 프로토콜들은 종종 낮은 수율과 순도에 의해 제한된다 예를 들어, hESC의-CM이 단지 35-66% 느린 마이 오신 중쇄 또는 cTnT의 6 표현 퍼콜 분리 및 심장 몸 형성을 통해 획득했습니다. 분화 hiPSC-CM 인구의 순도는 대략의 프로모터에 결합되어 리포터 유전자의 발현을 위해 선택함으로써 ?...

들이 환자의 면역계에 의해 거부되지 않은 셀의 잠재적으로 무한 범위의 수로 구분 될 수 있기 때문에 유도 인간 다 능성 줄기 세포 (hiPSCs)는 재생 세포 치료에 가장 유망한 제제들이다. (SMCs을하지만, 자기 복제 및 분화 능력은 또한 종양 형성을 초래할 수 있으며, 결과적으로, hiPSCs 완전히 같은 심근 (CMS), 내피 세포 (EC에) 및 평활근 세포와 같은 특정 세포 유형으로 분화 될 필요 ), 투여 전. 세포 투여 간단하고 가장 일반적인 방법 중 하나는 직접 심근 내 주입이지만, 네이티브 심근 조직으로 이식 접목되는 세포의 수는 매우 낮다. 이 감소의 대부분은 허혈성 조직의 세포 독성 환경에 기인한다; 그러나, 생쥐 배아 줄기 세포 (는 ESC)가 있었을 때 손상되지 않은 마음의 심근에 직접 주입 O투여 된 세포의 상당한 비율이 그들이하는 동안 생성 된 높은 압력에 의해 바늘 트랙을 통해 압박했다 아마도 때문에 관리 사이트를 종료 제안 3-5 시간 1 일 동안 유지되었다 전달 된 5 백만 셀 할수 있답니다는 ~ 40 % 심근 수축. 여기, 우리는 hiPSC 유래 심근 세포 (hiPSC-CMS) 2, 내피 세포 (hiPSC-되는 EC) 3, 평활근 세포 (SMCs)을 4 생성 소설과 실질적으로 더 효율적인 방법을 제시한다. 특히,이 hiPSC-SMC 프로토콜은 주로 합성 또는 수축 SMC 표현형으로 세포를 연출하여 체세포 SMCs 5에서 관찰 형태 학적 및 기능적 특성의 넓은 범위를 모방 처음이다. 우리는 또한 사이토 카인 함유 피브린 (P)을 생성하여 주사 세포의 생착 속도를 향상 세포 전달 방법을 제공하는주사 부위를 통해 ATCH. 패치는 적어도 3 일에 걸쳐 인슐린 유사 성장 인자 (IGF)를 해제함으로써, 심근 종료로부터 세포를 방지 바늘 트랙 및 세포 생존을 밀봉함으로써, 두 세포 유지를 향상시키기 위해 나타난다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Protocol Section 1&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>mTeSR1 medium</td><td>Stem cell technologies</td><td>5850</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Growth-factor-reduced matrigel</td><td>Corning lifescience</td><td>356231</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Y-27632</td><td>Stem cell technologies</td><td>72304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>B27 supplement, serum free</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>17504044</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RPMI1640</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>11875-119</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Activin A</td><td>R&amp;amp;D</td><td>338-AC-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BMP-4</td><td>R&amp;amp;D</td><td>314-BP-010</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>bFGF</td><td>R&amp;amp;D</td><td>232-FA-025</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase IV</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC0217889</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (Dextrose, KCl, KH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, NaCl, Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;HPO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; anhydrous)</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>14175079</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>10438018</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-well plate</td><td>Corning Lifescience</td><td>356721</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 cm dish</td><td>Corning Lifescience</td><td>354732</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cell incubator</td><td>Panasonic</td><td>MCO-18AC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Protocol Section 2&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Versene</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>15040066</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fibrinogen</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F8630-5g</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Thrombin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>T7009-1KU</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EMB2 medium</td><td>Lonza</td><td>CC-3156</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>VEGF</td><td>ProSpec-Tany</td><td>CYT-241</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EPO</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>PHC9431</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TGF-&amp;#946;</td><td>Peprotech</td><td>100-21C</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EGM2-MV medium</td><td>Lonza</td><td>CC-4147</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SB-431542</td><td>Selleckchem</td><td>S1067</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD31</td><td>BD Bioscience</td><td>BDB555445</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CD144</td><td>BD Bioscience</td><td>560411</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml centrifuge tube</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>12565269</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eppendorff Centrifuge</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5702R</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Protocol Section 3&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CHIR99021</td><td>Stem cell technologies</td><td>720542</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PDGF-&amp;#946;</td><td>Prospec</td><td>CYT-501-10ug</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Protocol Section 4&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Olive oil</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>O1514</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gelatin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G9391</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>179124</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>BP2818100</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glutaraldehyde</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G5882</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glycine</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G8898</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IGF</td><td>R&amp;amp;D</td><td>291-G1-01M</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bovine serum albumin</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>15561020</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heating plate</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>SP88850200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Water bath</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>15-462-10Q</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Protocol Section 5&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CaCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>223506</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&amp;#949;-aminocaproic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>A0420000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MEM medium</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>12561-056</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Syringe</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>1482748</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia ventilator</td><td>Datex-Ohmeda</td><td>47810</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Anesthesia ventilator</td><td>Ohio Medical</td><td>V5A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Defibrillator</td><td>Physiol Control</td><td>LIFEPAK 15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1.5 T MRI</td><td>General Electric</td><td>Signa Horizon LX</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7 T MRI</td><td>Siemens</td><td>10018532</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Gadolinium Contrast Medium (Magnevist)</td><td>Berlex</td><td>50419-188-02</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-0 silk suture</td><td>Ethilon</td><td>685H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 silk suture</td><td>Ethilon</td><td>622H</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-0 monofilament suture</td><td>Ethilon</td><td>627H</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac cells for myocardial repair

인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포 (hiPSCs)이 완전히 심근 (hiPSC-CMS), 내피 세포 (hiPSC-되는 EC), 및 평활근 세포 (SMCs)에 hiPSCs 차별화에 대한 관리 전에 특정 세포 유형,하지만 기존의 프로토콜로 분화해야합니다 자주 낮은 수율, 순도, 및 / 또는 가난한 표현형의 안정성에 의해 제한. 여기서는 신규 hiPSC-CM이, -ECs를 생성하기위한 프로토콜 및 -SMCs 실질적으로 종래의 방법보다 더 효율적이며, 물론 투여의 사이트를 통해 생성 된 사이토 카인 - 함유 패치 세포 주입을 조합하는 방법을 제시한다. 패치는 장기간 동안 인슐린 유사 성장 인자 (IGF)를 해제함으로써, 심근에서 압착되는 세포 않도록 바늘 트랙 및 세포 생존을 밀봉함으로써, 주입 된 세포의 보존을 모두 개선한다. 심근 허혈 재관류 손상의 돼지 모델에서 생착 속도가 클 때 두 배보다 더이었다세포는 세포 및 패치 모두 시토 킨 - 함유 패치없이 셀 비교 패치 및 치료 투여 아니라 단독 세포, 심장 기능 및 경색 크기에서 상당한 개선 연관되었다.

차별화 된 hiPSC-CM이, -ECs 및 -SMCs의 특성 hiPSCs의 차동 용량 4, 2 (3)을 평가했다. 세포 계측법 최종 hiPSC-CM 인구의 순도가 90 % (그림 1A, 1B, 패널 B1)를 초과 할 수 있음을 시사 심장 트로포 닌 T (cTnT를) 식의 분석 흐름. 거의 모든 셀 느린 미...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Cells for Myocardial Repair at JoVE.com

Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Cells for Myocardial Repair

우리는 심근 세포, 내피 세포, 평활근 세포 및 패치 - 매개 사이토 카인 배달 세포 주입을 조합함으로써 이식 된 세포의 생착을 향상 배송 방법으로 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포를 구별하기위한 세 가지 신규하고보다 효율적인 프로토콜을 제안한다.

다 능성 줄기 세포는 심근 수리를위한 심장 세포를 유도

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) must be fully differentiated into specific cell types before administration, but conventional protocols for ...

pluripotent-stem-cell-derived-cardiac-cells-for-myocardial-repair

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

8.2K 조회수.  University of Alabama at Birmingham.  우리는 심근 세포, 내피 세포, 평활근 세포 및 패치 - 매개 사이토 카인 배달 세포 주입을 조합함으로써 이식 된 세포의 생착을 향상 배송 방법으로 인간 유도 만능 줄기 세포를 구별하기위한 세 가지 신규하고보다 효율적인 프로토콜을 제안한다. 

비디오: Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiac Cells for Myocardial Repair

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great promise in cell therapy against heart disease. Among various methods to isolate CPCs, differentiation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) into CPCs attracts great attention in the field since ESCs can provide unlimited cell source. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to derive CPCs from ESCs. In this protocol, differentiation and purification of embryonic CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs is described. Due to the difficulty of using cell surface markers to isolate embryonic CPCs, ESCs are engineered with fluorescent reporters activated by CPC-specific cre recombinase expression. Thus, CPCs can be enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This protocol illustrates procedures to form embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs for CPC specification and enrichment. The isolated CPCs can be subsequently cultured for cardiac lineage differentiation and other biological assays. This protocol is optimized for robust and efficient derivation of CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs.

In this protocol, derivation of cardiac progenitor cells from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells will be illustrated. A major strategy in this protocol is to enrich cardiac progenitor cells with flow cytometry using fluorescent reporters engineered into the embryonic stem cell lines.

배아 줄기 세포에서 심장 전구 세포의 유도

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

연구

발생학

Generation of Aligned Functional Myocardial Tissue Through Microcontact Printing

Advanced heart failure represents a major unmet clinical challenge, arising from the loss of viable and/or fully functional cardiac muscle cells. Despite optimum drug therapy, heart failure represents a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. A major challenge in drug development is the identification of cellular assays that accurately recapitulate normal and diseased human myocardial physiology in vitro. Likewise, the major challenges in regenerative cardiac biology revolve around the identification and isolation of patient-specific cardiac progenitors in clinically relevant quantities. These cells have to then be assembled into functional tissue that resembles the native heart tissue architecture. Microcontact printing allows for the creation of precise micropatterned protein shapes that resemble structural organization of the heart, thus providing geometric cues to control cell adhesion spatially. Herein we describe our approach for the isolation of highly purified myocardial cells from pluripotent stem cells differentiating in vitro, the generation of cell growth surfaces micropatterned with extracellular matrix proteins, and the assembly of the stem cell-derived cardiac muscle cells into anisotropic myocardial tissue.

The generation of aligned myocardial tissue is a key requirement for adapting the recent advances in stem cell biology to clinically useful purposes. Herein we describe a microcontact printing approach for the precise control of cell shape and function. Using highly purified populations of embryonic stem cell derived cardiac progenitors, we then generate anisotropic functional myocardial tissue.

Microcontact 인쇄를 통해 정렬 기능 심근 조직의 생성

Advanced heart failure represents a major unmet clinical challenge,  arising from the loss of viable and/or fully functional cardiac muscle  cells. ...

생체공학

Assessing Stem Cell DNA Integrity for Cardiac Cell Therapy

Stem and stem-cell-derived cells have immense potential as a regenerative therapy for various degenerative diseases. DNA is the storehouse of genetic data in all cells, including stem cells, and its integrity is fundamental to its regenerative ability. Stem cells undergo rapid propagation in labs to achieve the necessary numbers for transplantation. Accelerated cell growth leads to the loss of DNA integrity by accumulated metabolites, such as reactive oxygen, carbonyl, and alkylating agents. Transplanting these cells would result in poor engraftment and regeneration of the deteriorating organ. Moreover, transplanting DNA-damaged cells leads to mutations, DNA instability, cellular senescence, and possibly, life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Therefore, there is an immediate need for a quality control method to evaluate the cell's suitability for transplantation. Here, we provide step-by-step protocols for the assessment of the DNA integrity of stem cells prior to cell transplantation.

Here, we provide a detailed description of an experimental setup for an analysis of the assessment of DNA integrity in stem cells prior to cell transplantation.

심장 세포 치료를 위한 줄기 세포 DNA 무결성을 평가

Stem and stem-cell-derived cells have immense potential as a regenerative therapy for various degenerative diseases. DNA is the storehouse of genetic data ...

유전학

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising option for cell-based therapies to replace current, invasive techniques. MSCs can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages, including cardiac cell types, but complete differentiation into functional cells has not yet been achieved. Previous methods of differentiation were based on pharmacological agents or growth factors. However, more physiologically relevant strategies can also enable MSCs to undergo cardiomyogenic transformation. Here, we present a differentiation method using MSC aggregates on cardiomyocyte feeder layers to produce cardiomyocyte-like contracting cells.
Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been shown to have a greater differentiation potential than commonly investigated MSC types, such as bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). As an ontogenetically younger source, we investigated the cardiomyogenic potential of first-trimester (FTM) HUCPVCs compared to older sources. FTM HUCPVCs are a novel, rich source of MSCs that retain their in utero immunoprivileged properties when cultured in vitro. Using this differentiation protocol, FTM and term HUCPVCs achieved significantly increased cardiomyogenic differentiation compared to BMSCs, as indicated by the increased expression of cardiomyocyte markers (i.e., myocyte enhancer factor 2C, cardiac troponin T, heavy chain cardiac myosin, signal regulatory protein &#945;, and connexin 43). They also maintained significantly lower immunogenicity, as demonstrated by their lower HLA-A expression and higher HLA-G expression. Applying aggregate-based differentiation, FTM HUCPVCs showed increased aggregate formation potential and generated contracting cells clusters within 1 week of co-culture on cardiac feeder layers, becoming the first MSC type to do so. 
Our results demonstrate that this differentiation strategy can effectively harness the cardiomyogenic potential of young MSCs, such as FTM HUCPVCs, and suggests that in vitro pre-differentiation could be a potential strategy to increase their regenerative efficacy in vivo.

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Here, we present a method to efficiently harness the cardiac differentiation potential of young sources of human mesenchymal stem cells in order to generate functional, contracting, cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro.

생체 외에서 기능 Cardiomyocyte-같은 세포로 인간 중간 엽 줄기 세포의 분화

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading ...

Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes

Trans-differentiation of one somatic cell type into another has enormous potential to model and treat human diseases. Previous studies have shown that mouse embryonic, dermal, and cardiac fibroblasts can be reprogrammed into functional induced-cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) through overexpression of cardiogenic transcription factors including GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, and Tbx5 both in vitro and in vivo. However, these previous studies have shown relatively low efficiency. In order to restore heart function following injury, mechanisms governing cardiac reprogramming must be elucidated to increase efficiency and maturation of iCMs.
We previously demonstrated that inhibition of pro-fibrotic signaling dramatically increases reprogramming efficiency. Here, we detail methods to achieve a reprogramming efficiency of up to 60%. Furthermore, we describe several methods including flow cytometry, immunofluorescent imaging, and calcium imaging to quantify reprogramming efficiency and maturation of reprogrammed fibroblasts. Using the protocol detailed here, mechanistic studies can be undertaken to determine positive and negative regulators of cardiac reprogramming. These studies may identify signaling pathways that can be targeted to promote reprogramming efficiency and maturation, which could lead to novel cell therapies to treat human heart disease.

Here we present a robust method to reprogram primary embryonic fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes through overexpression of GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, Tbx5, miR-1, and miR-133 (GHMT2m) alongside inhibition of TGF-&#946; signaling. Our protocol generates beating cardiomyocytes as early as 7 days post-transduction with up to 60% efficiency.

프로 거리 신호 억제 유도 Cardiomyocytes에 마우스 미 발달 섬유 아 세포의 프로그래밍 요소 중재 Potentiates

Trans-differentiation of one somatic cell type into another has enormous potential to model and treat human diseases. Previous studies have shown that ...

Intramyocardial Cell Delivery: Observations in Murine Hearts

Previous studies showed that cell delivery promotes cardiac function amelioration by release of cytokines and factors that increase cardiac tissue revascularization and cell survival. In addition, further observations revealed that specific stem cells, such as cardiac stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cardiospheres have the ability to integrate within the surrounding myocardium by differentiating into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.
Here, we present the materials and methods to reliably deliver noncontractile cells into the left ventricular wall of immunodepleted mice. The salient steps of this microsurgical procedure involve anesthesia and analgesia injection, intratracheal intubation, incision to open the chest and expose the heart and delivery of cells by a sterile 30-gauge needle and a precision microliter syringe.
Tissue processing consisting of heart harvesting, embedding, sectioning and histological staining showed that intramyocardial cell injection produced a small damage in the epicardial area, as well as in the ventricular wall. Noncontractile cells were retained into the myocardial wall of immunocompromised mice and were surrounded by a layer of fibrotic tissue, likely to protect from cardiac pressure and mechanical load.

Intramyocardial cell delivery in murine models of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension or myocardial infarction, is widely used to test the therapeutic potential of different cell types in regenerative studies. Therefore, a detailed description and a clear visualization of this surgical procedure will help to define the limits and advantages of cardiovascular cell therapeutic analyses in small rodents.

심근 내 휴대 납품 : 쥐과 마음의 관찰

Previous studies showed that cell delivery promotes cardiac function amelioration by release of cytokines and factors that increase cardiac tissue ...

의학

Induction of Endothelial Differentiation in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Under Low Serum Conditions

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) may have therapeutic potential for cardiac regeneration after injury. In the adult mammalian heart, intrinsic CPCs are extremely scarce, but expanded CPCs could be useful for cell therapy. A prerequisite for their use is their ability to differentiate in a controlled manner into the various cardiac lineages using defined and efficient protocols. In addition, upon in vitro expansion, CPCs isolated from patients or preclinical disease models may offer fruitful research tools for the investigation of disease mechanisms.
Current studies use different markers to identify CPCs. However, not all of them are expressed in humans, which limits the translational impact of some preclinical studies. Differentiation protocols that are applicable irrespective of the isolation technique and marker expression will allow for the standardized expansion and priming of CPCs for cell therapy purpose. Here we describe that the priming of CPCs under a low fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration and low cell density conditions facilitates the endothelial differentiation of CPCs. Using two different subpopulations of mouse and rat CPCs, we show that laminin is a more suitable substrate than fibronectin for this purpose under the following protocol: after culturing for 2 - 3 days in medium including supplements that maintain multipotency and with 3.5% FBS, CPCs are seeded on laminin at &#60;60% confluence and cultured in supplement-free medium with low concentrations of FBS (0.1%) for 20 - 24 hours before differentiation in endothelial differentiation medium. Because CPCs are a heterogeneous population, serum concentrations and incubation times may need to be adjusted depending on the properties of the respective CPC subpopulation. Considering this, the technique can be applied to other types of CPCs as well and provides a useful method to investigate the potential and mechanisms of differentiation and how they are affected by disease when using CPCs isolated from respective disease models.

This protocol describes an endothelial differentiation technique for cardiac progenitor cells. It particularly focuses on how serum concentration and cell-seeding density affect the endothelial differentiation potential.

낮은 혈 청 조건 하에서 심장 조상 세포에서 내 피 분화의 유도

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) may have therapeutic potential for cardiac regeneration after injury. In the adult mammalian heart, intrinsic CPCs are ...

Generation and Expansion of Human Cardiomyocytes from Patient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Generating patient-specific cardiomyocytes from a single blood draw has attracted tremendous interest in precision medicine on cardiovascular disease. Cardiac differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is modulated by defined signaling pathways that are essential for embryonic heart development. Numerous cardiac differentiation methods on 2-D and 3-D platforms have been developed with various efficiencies and cardiomyocyte yield. This has puzzled investigators outside the field as the variety of these methods can be difficult to follow. Here we present a comprehensive protocol that elaborates robust generation and expansion of patient-specific cardiomyocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We first describe a high-efficiency iPSC reprogramming protocol from a patient&#39;s blood sample using non-integration Sendai virus vectors. We then detail a small molecule-mediated monolayer differentiation method that can robustly produce beating cardiomyocytes from most human iPSC lines. In addition, a scalable cardiomyocyte expansion protocol is introduced using a small molecule (CHIR99021) that could rapidly expand patient-derived cardiomyocytes for industrial- and clinical-grade applications. At the end, detailed protocols for molecular identification and electrophysiological characterization of these iPSC-CMs are depicted. We expect this protocol to be pragmatic for beginners with limited knowledge on cardiovascular development and stem cell biology.

Here, we present a protocol to robustly generate and expand human cardiomyocytes from patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

환자 말초 혈액 단핵 세포에서 인간 심근세포의 생성 및 확장

Generating patient-specific cardiomyocytes from a single blood draw has attracted tremendous interest in precision medicine on cardiovascular disease. ...

Efficient Derivation of Human Cardiac Precursors and Cardiomyocytes from Pluripotent Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Small Molecule Induction

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based transplantation or by cardiac tissue engineering1-3. Cardiomyocytes become terminally-differentiated soon after birth and lose their ability to proliferate. There is no evidence that stem/progenitor cells derived from other sources, such as the bone marrow or the cord blood, are able to give rise to the contractile heart muscle cells following transplantation into the heart1-3. The need to regenerate or repair the damaged heart muscle has not been met by adult stem cell therapy, either endogenous or via cell delivery1-3. The genetically stable human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have unlimited expansion ability and unrestricted plasticity, proffering a pluripotent reservoir for in vitro derivation of large supplies of human somatic cells that are restricted to the lineage in need of repair and regeneration4,5. Due to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide and acute shortage of donor organs, there is intense interest in developing hESC-based therapies as an alternative approach. However, how to channel the wide differentiation potential of pluripotent hESCs efficiently and predictably to a desired phenotype has been a major challenge for both developmental study and clinical translation. Conventional approaches rely on multi-lineage inclination of pluripotent cells through spontaneous germ layer differentiation, resulting in inefficient and uncontrollable lineage-commitment that is often followed by phenotypic heterogeneity and instability, hence, a high risk of tumorigenicity6-8 (see a schematic in Fig. 1A). In addition, undefined foreign/animal biological supplements and/or feeders that have typically been used for the isolation, expansion, and differentiation of hESCs may make direct use of such cell-specialized grafts in patients problematic9-11. To overcome these obstacles, we have resolved the elements of a defined culture system necessary and sufficient for sustaining the epiblast pluripotence of hESCs, serving as a platform for de novo derivation of clinically-suitable hESCs and effectively directing such hESCs uniformly towards clinically-relevant lineages by small molecules12 (see a schematic in Fig. 1B). After screening a variety of small molecules and growth factors, we found that such defined conditions rendered nicotinamide (NAM) sufficient to induce the specification of cardiomesoderm direct from pluripotent hESCs that further progressed to cardioblasts that generated human beating cardiomyocytes with high efficiency (Fig. 2). We defined conditions for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent hESCs without an intervening multi-lineage embryoid body stage, enabling well-controlled efficient derivation of a large supply of human cardiac cells across the spectrum of developmental stages for cell-based therapeutics.

We have established a protocol for induction of cardioblasts direct from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells maintained under defined conditions with small molecules, which enables derivation of a large supply of human cardiac progenitors and functional cardiomyocytes for cardiovascular repair.

작은 분자와 유도 Pluripotent 인간 배아 줄기 세포로부터 인간 심장 엽 성의 전구 물질과 Cardiomyocytes의 효율 유도

To date, the lack of a suitable human cardiac cell source has been the major setback in regenerating the human myocardium, either by cell-based ...

생물학

High Efficiency Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes and Characterization by Flow Cytometry

There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the heart, and improving strategies to accurately model heart disease. The potential of exploiting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology to generate cardiac muscle &#8220;in a dish&#8221; for these applications continues to generate high enthusiasm. In recent years, the ability to efficiently generate cardiomyogenic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has greatly improved, offering us new opportunities to model very early stages of human cardiac development not otherwise accessible. In contrast to many previous methods, the cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol described here does not require cell aggregation or the addition of Activin A or BMP4 and robustly generates cultures of cells that are highly positive for cardiac troponin I and T (TNNI3, TNNT2), iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4 (IRX4), myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform (MLC2v) and myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform (MLC2a) by day 10 across all human embryonic stem cell (hESC) and hiPSC lines tested to date. Cells can be passaged and maintained for more than 90 days in culture. The strategy is technically simple to implement and cost-effective. Characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent cells often includes the analysis of reference markers, both at the mRNA and protein level. For protein analysis, flow cytometry is a powerful analytical tool for assessing quality of cells in culture and determining subpopulation homogeneity. However, technical variation in sample preparation can significantly affect quality of flow cytometry data. Thus, standardization of staining protocols should facilitate comparisons among various differentiation strategies. Accordingly, optimized staining protocols for the analysis of IRX4, MLC2v, MLC2a, TNNI3, and TNNT2 by flow cytometry are described.

The article describes the detailed methodology to efficiently differentiate human pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes by selectively modulating the Wnt pathway, followed by flow cytometry analysis of reference markers to assess homogeneity and identity of the population.

유동 세포 계측법에 의한 고효율 심근에 인간 다 능성 줄기 세포의 분화 및 특성

There is an urgent need to develop approaches for repairing the damaged heart, discovering new therapeutic drugs that do not have toxic effects on the ...