이 작품은 스위스 국립 과학 재단 부여 150271에 의해 지원 되었다.

이 실험 프로토콜 Cantonal 수의 사무실, Fribourg는 스위스 연방 수의 사무실, 스위스 (FR 2015/58)에 의해 승인 되었습니다.
 참고: 남성 NZW 토끼 2.8 3.2 k g 사이 무게 사용 되었다. 동물 (12 h 빛 및 어두운 주기, ad libitum 물과 식량 제공) 기존의 조건 하에서 보관 되어 있었다. 풍선 노출 전에 동물 1 주 동안 그들은 정상적인 차 다이어트 지 루 했다에 대 한 acclimated 했다. 순응의 1 주 후 토끼 높은 지방 (8.6%)의 구성 하는 atherogenic 다이어트에 전환 했다 하 고 포화 지방산 205 mg/kg (1%) 콜레스테롤 다이어트 전체 연구 기간에 대 한. 왼쪽 장 골 동맥에서 풍선 손상 다이어트 개시 후 1 주 수행 및 동물 풍선 부상 4 주 또는 2 주 후 희생 되었다.
 1. 수술 전 절차 <ol><li>유리 구슬 소독 기 또는 다른 적합 한 악기와 함께 사용 하기 전에 모든 수술 기구를 소독.</li>
	<li>준비 풍선 카 테 터 어셈블리를 확인 하 고.
	<ol><li>첨부 1 mL luer 잠금 주사기 luer 잠금 부분 풍선 카 테 터의 정상적인 염 분으로 가득합니다. 신중 하 게 덫을 놓은 공기의 부재에 대 한 모니터링 합니다. 누수를 확인 하 고 주사기의 플런저를 눌러 적절 한 풍선 인플레이션 확인.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>토끼의 무게 및 37 thermopad 설정 ° c.</li>
	<li>Buprenorphine 솔루션을 사용 하 여 0.3 밀리 그램의 농도에 / ml. 0.01 mg/kg의 복용량을 피하 주사 하.</li>
	<li>Anesthetize 10-15 분에 대 한 유도 실에서 5 L/분 O 2와 5 %isoflurane 토끼</li>
	<li>외과 플랫폼에 계속 생리대에 마 취 토끼를 놓습니다. 패치 및 온도, 호흡, 심전도 모니터링 하는 클립.</li>
	<li>적합 한 마 취 기계에 연결 된 얼굴 마스크를 토끼의 주 둥이 연결 합니다. 마 취와 isoflurane 2.5 L/min O 2 (4.0%)를 유지 합니다. 적절 한 anesthetization (개 그, pinnae 반사의 손실 및 근육의 부족으로 표시)를 확인 하십시오.</li>
	<li>안과 연 고는 각 막 건조 하지 않도록 두 눈에 적용 됩니다. 노출만 더 낮은 사지와 토끼를 메 마른 외과 시트와 함께 드러 워 진.</li>
</ol> 2. 수술 프로토콜 <ol><li>동물 발기를 사용 하 여 무릎 관절 바로 아래 복 부 영역에서 제거.</li>
	<li>적당 한 살 균 제는 피부를 청소 하 고 느슨한 머리를 제거 하는 영역을 면봉.</li>
	<li>Saphenous 동맥을 찾아서 메스를 사용 하 여 길이에 약 1.5 ㎝의 작은 피부 절 개를 하 게.</li>
	<li>대 퇴 정 맥, 대 퇴 신경 손상 없이 작은 곡선된 겸 자도 saphenous 동맥의 작은 부분을 노출.</li>
	<li>Saphenous 동맥 아래 두 개의 느슨한 합자 루프 (5-0 실크) 놓고 한 합자 루프는 동맥의 말 초 끝을 묶어. 장 골 동맥에서 혈액의 흐름을 막으려고 합자 위에 microvascular 클램프 장소.</li>
	<li>Papaverine 동맥 팽창 하 고 vasospasm을 방지 하기 위해 한 방울 몸에 붙이기도 적용.</li>
	<li>묶인된 합자의 도움으로 saphenous 동맥을 올리고 확인 작은 arteriotomy 절 개는 24를 사용 하 여 게이지 바늘.</li>
	<li>미세 집게와 절 개 플랩 상승 하 고 천천히 동맥의 루멘으로 정 맥 선택 또는 지도 바늘을 삽입.</li>
	<li>Saphenous 동맥에 2 프랑스어 Fogarty 동맥 embolectomy 카 테 터를 삽입합니다. 정 맥 선택 및 microvascular 클램프 제거.</li>
	<li>6 마크 (20-25 cm)에 해당 하는 위치 약까지 카 테 터를 미리 장 골 분기점 위에 2-5 cm.</li>
	<li>1 mL 주사기를 사용 하 여 0.1 mL 정상적인 염 분 또는 6의 공칭 압력에서 풍선을 부 풀 려 16 , 22에 설명 된 대로 규제 수동 공기 펌프를 사용 하 여 atm.</li>
	<li>집게와 풍선 카 테 터를 누른 테 회전 하는 동안 삽입 지점 장 골 arterytoward 통해 6 cm에 의해 다시 끕니다.</li>
	<li>주사기의 플런저를 후퇴 하 여 풍선을 수축.</li>
	<li>완료 내 피 노출 되도록 단계 2.10 2.13 세 번 반복.</li>
	<li>카 테 터를 제거 하 고 출혈을 멈추게 하는 arteriotomy 사이트의 바로 위에 합자 루프를 즉시 넥타이.</li>
	<li>상처 주위 적합 한 살 균 모두를 적용 하 고 혈 병을 떨어져 면봉. 5-0 봉합, 피부 절 개를 닫고 povidone-요오드 솔루션 수술 사이트 소독.</li>
	<li>2.1에 2.16는 contralateral에 장 골 새로운 카 테 터를 사용 하 여 단계를 반복 하십시오.</li>
	<li>눈에서 안과 연 고를 면봉.</li>
</ol> 3. 수술 치료 <ol><li>sulfadoxine 관리 40 mg/kg 및 trimethoprim 8 mg/kg 또는 다른 적합 한 항생제는 수술 직후.</li>
	<li>마 취 회복 기간 동안 깨끗 한 압력가 감 금 소에 열 패드를 통해 토끼를 유지.</li>
	<li>모니터링 패치 및 클립 제거.</li>
	<li>복구 후 자신의 집 새를 토끼를 반환. 주사 피하 buprenorphine 0.05-0.1 mg/kg 게시물-operatively 48 헤 또 다른 2 주 또는 4 주에 대 한 계속 atherogenic 다이어트에 대 한 모든 6-12 h.</li>
</ol> 4. 조직 수확 및 분석의 패 구성 <ol><li>2 주 (초기 얇은 패)에 대 한 풍선 상해의 3 주 후, 위에서 설명한 대로 isoflurane 비슷한 방식으로 사용 하 여 토끼 anesthetize.</li>
	<li>흉 강 열고 intracardial exsanguination에 의해 토끼를 안락사.</li>
	<li> 23에 설명 된 대로 장 골 동맥을 분리.
	<ol><li>짧게, 복 부를 열고는 retroperitoneum 노출. 장 골 분기점 쪽으로 대동맥을 추적 하 고 분기점 위에 그것을 넥타이. 조심 스럽게 노출 하 고 격리 두 장 골 동맥 주위 조직을 제거.</li>
	</ol></li> <li>Dissect 두 장 골 동맥과 버퍼링 차가운 인산 염에 그들을 담가. 집게의 도움으로 혈전을 제거 합니다. 각 장 골 동맥 characterise 걸쳐 동맥 플 라크의 두께를 4-6 세그먼트로 분할.</li>
	<li>즉시 형 최적의 절삭 온도 화합물, 포함 된 스냅-동결 액체 질소를 사용 하 여 동맥 세그먼트를 포함 하 고-70 ° C. 준비 5 µ m 24에 설명 된 대로 cryostat를 사용 하 여 두꺼운 섹션에서 그것을 유지.</li>
	<li>수행 조직학, 면역 형광 검사 또는 10 , 25에 설명 된 대로 morphometry, 플 라크 지질 및 세포질 내용에 대 한 얼룩 immunohistochemical. 
	참고: 짧게, 버퍼링 하는 인산 염 (PBS)와 동맥 섹션 린스 하 고 0.2%를 사용 하 여 permeabilize 트리톤. PBS 가진 섹션 린스를 안티 α-SM 걸 (1: 200) 또는 RAM11 항 체 (1: 200) 37 ° C에서 1 시간에 대 한 섹션 2% 소 혈 청 알 부 민 30 분 품에 대 한 비 특정 사이트를 차단 합니다. PBS 가진 섹션 린스 하 고 PBS 37 ° C. 씻어 다시 30 분에 대 한 적절 한 이차 항 체와 그들을 품 어 Hoechst 추가 (5 µ g/mL) 10 분 핵 감지.</li>
</ol>

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(94), (2014).</li><li>Maillard, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+percutaneous+adenovirus-mediated+Gax+gene+delivery+to+the+arterial+wall+in+double-injured+atheromatous+stented+rabbit+iliac+arteries.">Effect of percutaneous adenovirus-mediated Gax gene delivery to the arterial wall in double-injured atheromatous stented rabbit iliac arteries.</a> Gene Ther. 7, 1353-1361 (2000).</li><li>Sharif, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene-eluting+stents:+adenovirus-mediated+delivery+of+eNOS+to+the+blood+vessel+wall+accelerates+re-endothelialization+and+inhibits+restenosis.">Gene-eluting stents: adenovirus-mediated delivery of eNOS to the blood vessel wall accelerates re-endothelialization and inhibits restenosis.</a> Mol Ther. 16, 1674-1680 (2008).</li><li>Lee, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+rabbit+model+for+a+preclinical+comparison+of+coronary+stent+types+in-vivo.">Development of a rabbit model for a preclinical comparison of coronary stent types in-vivo.</a> Korean Circ J. 43, 713-722 (2013).</li><li>Tulis, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+carotid+artery+balloon+injury+model.">Rat carotid artery balloon injury model.</a> Methods Mol Med. 139, 1-30 (2007).</li><li>Asada, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+inflation+pressure+of+balloon+catheter+on+vascular+injuries+and+subsequent+development+of+intimal+hyperplasia+in+rabbit+aorta.">Effects of inflation pressure of balloon catheter on vascular injuries and subsequent development of intimal hyperplasia in rabbit aorta.</a> Atherosclerosis. 121, 45-53 (1996).</li><li>Dornas, W. C., Oliveira, T. T., Augusto, L. E., Nagem, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+atherosclerosis+in+rabbits.">Experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits.</a> Arq Bras Cardiol. 95, 272-278 (2010).</li><li>Waksman, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PhotoPoint+photodynamic+therapy+promotes+stabilization+of+atherosclerotic+plaques+and+inhibits+plaque+progression.">PhotoPoint photodynamic therapy promotes stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and inhibits plaque progression.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 52, 1024-1032 (2008).</li><li>Fernandez-Parra, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pharmacokinetic+Study+of+Paclitaxel+Concentration+after+Drug-Eluting+Balloon+Angioplasty+in+the+Iliac+Artery+of+Healthy+and+Atherosclerotic+Rabbit+Models.">Pharmacokinetic Study of Paclitaxel Concentration after Drug-Eluting Balloon Angioplasty in the Iliac Artery of Healthy and Atherosclerotic Rabbit Models.</a> J Vasc Interv Radiol. 26, 1380-1387 (2015).</li><li>Dussault, S., Dhahri, W., Desjarlais, M., Mathieu, R., Rivard, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elsibucol+inhibits+atherosclerosis+following+arterial+injury:+multifunctional+effects+on+cholesterol+levels,+oxidative+stress+and+inflammation.">Elsibucol inhibits atherosclerosis following arterial injury: multifunctional effects on cholesterol levels, oxidative stress and inflammation.</a> Atherosclerosis. 237, 194-199 (2014).</li><li>Manderson, J. A., Mosse, P. R., Safstrom, J. A., Young, S. B., Campbell, G. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Balloon+catheter+injury+to+rabbit+carotid+artery.+I.+Changes+in+smooth+muscle+phenotype.">Balloon catheter injury to rabbit carotid artery. I. Changes in smooth muscle phenotype.</a> Arteriosclerosis. 9, 289-298 (1989).</li><li>Miyake, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prevention+of+neointimal+formation+after+angioplasty+using+nuclear+factor-kappaB+decoy+oligodeoxynucleotide-coated+balloon+catheter+in+rabbit+model.">Prevention of neointimal formation after angioplasty using nuclear factor-kappaB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-coated balloon catheter in rabbit model.</a> Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 7, 787-796 (2014).</li><li>Fulcher, J., Patel, S., Nicholls, S. 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저자 아무 경쟁 금융 관심사를 선언합니다.

토끼 장 골 동맥 경화 모델은 아 테 롬 연구에서 널리 이용 된다. 이 프로토콜은 토끼 빠르게 자발적인 병 변만 콜레스테롤 다이어트와 함께 개발에 비해 더 심각 하 고 고급 패 개발. 중요 한 것은, 동물 수술에서 신속 하 게 복구합니다.
Atherogenesis 위한 주요 자극은 endothelium 부상 하 고 혈관 벽26distends 풍선 카 테 터로 인 한 기계적 손상 이다. 이 이렇게 대 식...

취약 한 동맥 경 화성 플 라크의 파열1선진국 사망의 주요 원인 중 하나입니다. 지난 수 십년 동안 연구 패 진행에 관련 된 여러 분자 및 세포 메커니즘을 펼쳐는, 뿐만 아니라 질병 진행의 복잡 한 메커니즘을 해명 뿐만 아니라 새로운 테스트 노력 필요 아직도 계속 치료 접근 한다. 여러 동물 모델 연구는 동맥 경화를 제안 되었습니다. 유전자 조작, 콜레스테롤 먹이 또는 기계적 피 상해는 쥐, 토끼 또는 minipigs를 포함 하 여 동맥 경화의 가장 동물 모델에서 공유 하는 표준 전략. 이러한 가운데, NZW 토끼에 민감합니다 콜레스테롤 다이어트 동안 정상적인 쥐와 생쥐 마음이 크게 식이 콜레스테롤2,,34를 흡수 하지 않습니다. 토끼는 저절로 대동맥 병 변 세포 콜레스테롤 풍부한 다이어트5,6먹 일 때 일부 섬유 구성 요소와 함께 풍부한 개발. 그러나, 동맥 경 화성 plaquesby 콜레스테롤 다이어트 혼자6,7 먹이 유도 하기 위해 4-8 개월의 긴 준비 시간 실험 설정의 대부분을 위한 주요 결점은. 상대적으로 짧은 시간에 병 변을 유발에 대 한 추구, 높은 콜레스테롤 다이어트와 풍선 상해의 조합 Baumgarter 및 Studer8에 의해 개발 되었습니다. 이 기술은의 전반적인 목표는 2 주 이내에 콜레스테롤 토끼에 거품 세포 (인간에서 지방 조 흔과 유사)의 구성 된 동맥 경 화성 플 라크를 유도 하는 것입니다. 현재 기술 NZW 노인 토끼의 장 골 동맥으로 고급 풍선 카 테 터를 사용 하 여 Baumgarter의 방법에 따라 동맥 벽 상해의 절차를 설명 합니다.
콜레스테롤 풍부한 음식과 함께 부상 풍선 유도 드 endothelialization에서 동맥 경화 이어질 것입니다. 풍선 부상 동맥 경 화성 병 변 형성을 촉진 하 고 균일 한 크기와 분포의 플 라크를 생성 합니다. 내 두껍게 상해 다음 몇 일 이내에 시간과 내 세포 침투 시작의 기간 동안 증가 합니다. 상당한 대 식 세포와 지방 줄무늬 풍선 상해의 7-10 일 후에 나타나기 시작 하 고 미국 심장 협회에서 분류에 따라 병 변의 유형 II로 표시 됩니다. 토끼 풍선 부상은 종종 플 라크 구성 공부 대동맥에서 수행 됩니다. Neointimal 내 피 세포 접착 분자의 높은 수준의 표현. 플 라크 중간 절 개 및 adventitial 변화에 연관 됩니다. 동맥 경 화성 병 변 지질, 확산 부드러운 근육 세포 (SMCs), 교원 질 섬유 및 재생성된 endothelium 아래에 축적 하 고 자연에서 주로 유형 II는 염증 세포의 구성 됩니다. 토끼 플 라크의 토폴로지 배포 원칙에 인간 aortas 9,10 에 보고 유사 했다, 대동맥 장 골 동맥에 비해 크기가 큰 큰 길이에서 플 라크를 생산할 것 이라고. 그러나, 토끼에 있는 아 테 롬의 사이트로 장 골 동맥을 사용 하 여의 주요 장점은 접근, 인간 관상 동맥11, 균일 한 병 변 개발12, 높은 조직 요소 근육 콘텐츠에서 유사성은 활동13 그리고 형태학 및 angiographic 끝점을 상업적으로 제조 된 소자의 평가 허용 하는 인간의 관상 동맥에 비해 일관 된 배 차원. 침략과 비-침략 적 방법 살아있는 동물에서 토끼 장 골 동맥에 플 라크를 분석 조사 있다. 이전 보고서 자기 공명 또한 2.35 테슬라 미스터 시스템 14 의 도움으로 (MRI를) 영상 사용 설명, 혈관 내 초음파 (IVUS) 또는 광학 일관성 단층 촬영 (OCT) 카 적당 수 이미지에 적용 토끼 장 골 동맥에 동맥 경 화성 플 라크입니다. 장 골 동맥은 초음파 이미징 고해상도 진단법을 사용 하는 경우 그리고 대동맥이 기술 또한 탐험 수 있습니다.
지난 10 년간에서이 토끼 모델 풍선 부상의 더욱 패 진행15, 플 라크 회귀16의 메커니즘을 이해 하 있었습니다. 새로운 치료제 스타 틴, 표준 antiplatelet 에이전트, 항 산화 제17,18 everolimus 같은 약물 방출 스 텐트 등의 영향을 연구 하는 모델 사용 되었습니다 또한, 또는 zotarolimus 방출 스텐19,20 neointimal 두껍게. 이 모델은 또한 혈관 내 영상 카 테 터21이미징 근 적외선 형광의 조사에 사용 되었습니다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>New Zealand White rabbits</td>
			<td>Charles River laboratories,France</td>
			<td>Cre:KBL(NZW)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cholesterol rich diet</td>
			<td>Ssniff spezialdi&#228;ten</td>
			<td>Ssniff EF K High Fat and Cholesterol</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass bead sterilizer-Germinator 500</td>
			<td>VWR, Leicestershire, UK</td>
			<td>101326-488</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fogarty balloon embolectomy catheters, 2 French</td>
			<td>Edwards Lifesciences, Switzerland</td>
			<td>120602F</td>
			<td>For single use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luer Lock Syringe</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA</td>
			<td>309628</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermopad Type 226</td>
			<td>Solis, Switzerland AG</td>
			<td>397387</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine- Temgesic</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benckiser AG, Switzerland</td>
			<td>7.68042E+12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Piramal Critical Care, Inc, Bethlehem, PA 18017</td>
			<td>2667-46-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anaesthesia machine-combi-vet Base Anesthesia System</td>
			<td>Rothacher Medical GmbH, Switzerland</td>
			<td>CV 30-301-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cardell touch veterinary vital signs monitor</td>
			<td>Midmark, Ohio, USA</td>
			<td>8013-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophthalmic ointment-Humigel</td>
			<td>Virbac, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animal hair clippers</td>
			<td>Aesculap AG, Germany</td>
			<td>GT420</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disinfectant-Betadine solution</td>
			<td>MundipharmaMedicalCompany, Switzerland</td>
			<td>14671-1203</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #7 Forceps</td>
			<td>FST Germany</td>
			<td>11274-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium and small microscissors</td>
			<td>Medline International Switzerland S&#224;rl</td>
			<td>UC4337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microvascular clamps</td>
			<td>FST, Germany</td>
			<td>18051-28</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Papaverine</td>
			<td>ESCA chemicals, Switzerland</td>
			<td>RE 356 803</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vein Pick</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus, Cambridge, UK</td>
			<td>72-4169</td>
			<td>For single use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline</td>
			<td>Laboratorium Dr. G. Bichsel AG, , Switzerland</td>
			<td>1330055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polysorb 5-0 suture</td>
			<td>Covidien AG, Switzerland</td>
			<td>UL 202</td>
			<td>Monofilament</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfadoxine and Trimethoprim-Trimethazol</td>
			<td>Werner Stricker AG, Switzerland</td>
			<td>Swissmedic Nr. 50&#39;361</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antiseptic- Octenisept</td>
			<td>Sch&#252;lke &#38; Mayr AG, Switzerland</td>
			<td>GTIN: 4032651214068</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>1058.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isobutanol-2-Methylbutane</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>M32631-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optimum Cutting Temperature compound-Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>VWR Chemicals, Belgium</td>
			<td>25608-930</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryostat</td>
			<td>Leica, Glattbrugg, Switzerland</td>
			<td>Leica CM1860 UV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide- Superfrost Plus</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>4951PLUS4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mayer&#39;s Haematoxylin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>MHS32-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin 0.5% aq.</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>HT110232-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil Red O</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>O0625-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#945;-smooth muscle actin antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam, UK.</td>
			<td>ab7817</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Macrophage Clone RAM11 antibody</td>
			<td>DAKO, Switzerland</td>
			<td>M063301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst</td>
			<td>Abcam, UK.</td>
			<td>ab145596</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat polyclonal Secondary Antibody (Chromeo 546)</td>
			<td>Abcam, UK.</td>
			<td>ab60316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488/547</td>
			<td>Abcam, UK.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycergel Mounting Medium, Aqueous</td>
			<td>DAKO, Switzerland</td>
			<td>C056330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>H3136-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ferric chloride for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>157740-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Iodine for Movat staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>207772-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium iodide for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>60400-100G-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian blue for Movat staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>A5268-10G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Strong Ammonia for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>320145-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brilliant crocein MOO for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>210757-50G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acid Fuchsin for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>F8129-50G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Thiosulfate for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>72049-250G,</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphotungstic acid for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>79690-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crocin for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>17304-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EUKITT for Movat pentachrome staining</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland</td>
			<td>03989-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the rabbit model of accelerated atherosclerosis: a methodological perspective of the iliac artery balloon injury

급성 관상 동맥 증후군 관상동맥 폐색 동맥 경 화성 플 라크 개발 및 파열에서에서 유래한 공업화 한 세계에서 사망의 주요 원인입니다. 뉴질랜드 화이트 (NZW) 토끼는 동맥 경화 증의 연구를 위한 동물 모델로 서 널리 사용 됩니다. 그들은 개발 atherogenic 다이어트; 먹 일 때 자연 스러운 병 변 그러나,이 4-8 개월의 긴 시간이 필요합니다. 더욱 강화 하 고 가속 atherogenesis, atherogenic 다이어트와 기계적 내 피 상해는 종종 사용 됩니다. 유도 하는 토끼의 동맥 경 화성 플 라크에 대 한 제시 절차 atherogenic 다이어트 먹이 NZW 토끼의 왼쪽된 장 골 동맥에 피를 방해 하는 풍선 카 테 터를 사용 합니다. 풍선 카 테 터로 인 한 이러한 기계적 손상 시간 종속 방식에서 neointimal 지질 축적을 시작 하는 염증 성 반응의 사슬을 유도 합니다. 동맥 경 화성 플 라크 풍선 부상 쇼 neointimal 두껍게 광범위 한 지질 침투와 높은 평활 근 셀 내용, 대 식 세포의 존재에 따라 거품 세포 파생. 이 기술은 간단 하 고, 재현 고 제어 길이 장 골 동맥 내 플 라크를 생성 한다. 모든 절차는 20-30 분 이내 완료 됩니다. 절차는 낮은 사망률과 안전 하며 또한 상당한 내 병 변 취득에 높은 성공. 풍선 카 테 터의 절차 2 주 이내에 동맥 경화 동맥 상해 결과 유도 한다. 질병 병리학을 조사를 위해이 모델을 사용할 수 있습니다 진단 이미징 새로운 치료 전략을 평가 하 고.

장 골 동맥의 풍선 부상 합병증 (그림 1) 없이 성공적으로 수행 되었다. 총 수술 시간 30 분 부상에 대 한 20에서 배열 했다 수행 하나의 장 골 동맥, 및 두 동맥에 대 한 35 ~ 45 분. 토끼 풍선 부상 후 1 시간 이내 복구. 모든 동물 상당한 체중 감소 없이 건강 한 나타났다. 아니 감염, 부 종 또는 동맥 혈전 증 발생 했습니다. 상처 영역 봉합 사이트에서 몇 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury at JoVE.com

The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury

동맥 경화 증의 동물 모델 메커니즘을 이해 하 고 패 개발 또는 파열, 산업화 된 세계에서 죽음의 주요 원인이 방지 하기 위해 새로운 접근을 조사 하기 위해 필수적입니다. 이 프로토콜 풍선 부상과 콜레스테롤 풍부한 다이어트의 조합을 사용 하 여 토끼 장 골 동맥에 동맥 경 화성 플 라크를 유도.

가속된 동맥 경화의 토끼 모델: 장 골 동맥 풍선 상해의 방법 론 적 관점

Acute coronary syndrome resulting from coronary occlusion following atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture is the leading cause of death in the ...

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12.0K 조회수.  University of Fribourg. 동맥 경화 증의 동물 모델 메커니즘을 이해 하 고 패 개발 또는 파열, 산업화 된 세계에서 죽음의 주요 원인이 방지 하기 위해 새로운 접근을 조사 하기 위해 필수적입니다. 이 프로토콜 풍선 부상과 콜레스테롤 풍부한 다이어트의 조합을 사용 하 여 토끼 장 골 동맥에 동맥 경 화성 플 라크를 유도.

비디오: The Rabbit Model of Accelerated Atherosclerosis: A Methodological Perspective of the Iliac Artery Balloon Injury

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis

Despite the considerable progress made in the stent development in the last decades, cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death in western countries. Beside the benefits offered by the development of different drug-eluting stents, the coronary revascularization bears also the life-threatening risks of in-stent thrombosis and restenosis. Research on new therapeutic strategies is impaired by the lack of appropriate methods to study stent implantation and restenosis processes. Here, we describe a rapid and accessible procedure of stent implantation in mouse carotid artery, which offers the possibility to study in a convenient way the molecular mechanisms of vessel remodeling and the effects of different drug coatings.

A model of stent implantation in mouse carotid artery is described. Compared to other similar methods, this procedure is very rapid, simple and accessible, offering the possibility to study in a convenient way the vascular wall reaction to different drug-eluting stents and the molecular mechanisms of restenosis.

재 협착의 연구에 대한 경동맥 스텐트 시술의 쥐과 모형

Despite  the considerable progress made in the stent development in the last decades,  cardiovascular diseases remain the main cause of death in western ...

연구

의학

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms at work during MI and developing effective therapeutic approaches requires methodology to reproducibly simulate the clinical incidence and reflect the pathophysiological changes associated with MI. Here, we describe a surgical method to induce MI in mouse models that can be used for short-term ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as permanent ligation. The major advantage of this method is to facilitate location of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to allow for accurate ligation of this artery to induce ischemia in the left ventricle of the mouse heart. Accurate positioning of the ligature on the LAD increases reproducibility of infarct size and thus produces more reliable results. Greater precision in placement of the ligature will improve the standard surgical approaches to simulate MI in mice, thus reducing the number of experimental animals necessary for statistically relevant studies and improving our understanding of the mechanisms producing cardiac dysfunction following MI. This mouse model of MI is also useful for the preclinical testing of treatments targeting myocardial damage following MI.

We introduce a surgical method to induce experimental ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to simulate myocardial infarction (MI) in mouse models that allows for more clarity in positioning of the ligation on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) to increase the reproducibility of MI experiments in mice.

왼쪽 앞쪽에 내림차순 동맥의 결찰을 통해 심근 허혈 - 재관류 손상의 생쥐 모델

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms ...

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation, neointima formation and vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are the most frequently employed animals for this model. Female rats are not preferred as female hormones are protective against vascular diseases and thus introduce a variation into this procedure. The left carotid is typically injured with the right carotid serving as a negative control. Left carotid injury is caused by the inflated balloon that denudes the endothelium and distends the vessel wall. Following injury, potential therapeutic strategies such as the use of pharmacological compounds and either gene or shRNA transfer can be evaluated. Typically for gene or shRNA transfer, the injured section of the vessel lumen is locally transduced for 30 min with viral particles encoding either a protein or shRNA for delivery and expression in the injured vessel wall. Neointimal thickening representing proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells usually peaks at 2 weeks after injury. Vessels are mostly harvested at this time point for cellular and molecular analysis of cell signaling pathways as well as gene and protein expression. Vessels can also be harvested at earlier time points to determine the onset of expression and/or activation of a specific protein or pathway, depending on the experimental aims intended. Vessels can be characterized and evaluated using histological staining, immunohistochemistry, protein/mRNA assays, and activity assays. The intact right carotid artery from the same animal is an ideal internal control. Injury-induced changes in molecular and cellular parameters can be evaluated by comparing the injured artery to the internal right control artery. Likewise, therapeutic modalities can be evaluated by comparing the injured and treated artery to the control injured only artery.

This protocol uses a balloon catheter to cause an intraluminal injury on the rat carotid artery and henceforth elicit neointimal hyperplasia. This is a well-established model for studying the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to injury. It is also widely used to determine the validity of potential therapeutic approaches.

쥐 경동맥의 혈관 풍선 부상과 관내 관리

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and ...

A Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model to Test Anti-vascular Remodeling Therapeutics

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is also a valuable model system to test, and to evaluate therapeutics and drugs that negate maladaptive remodeling in the vessel. The injury, or barotrauma, in the vessel lumen caused by an inflated balloon via an inserted catheter induces subsequent neointimal growth, often leading to hyperplasia or thickening of the vessel wall that narrows, or obstructs the lumen. The method described here is sufficiently sensitive, and the results can be obtained in relatively short time (2 weeks after the surgery). The efficacy of the drug or therapeutic against the induced-remodeling can be evaluated either by the post-mortem pathological and histomorphological analysis, or by ultrasound sonography in live animals. In addition, this model system has also been used to determine the therapeutic window or the time course of the administered drug. These studies can leadto the development of a better administrative strategy and a better therapeutic outcome. The procedure described here provides a tool for translational studies that bring drug and therapeutic candidates from bench research to clinical applications.

The rat carotid balloon injury model described below allows researchers to evaluate drugs or therapeutics that negate injury-induced arterial hyperplasia. Detailed pre-surgical preparation, surgical procedure, and post-surgical cares of the animal are described.

생쥐 경동맥 풍선 손상 모델은 반대로 혈관 리모델링의 치료를 테스트하는

The rat carotid balloon injury is a well-established surgical model that has been used to study arterial remodeling and vascular cell proliferation. It is ...

Induction of Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Mice: The "Wire-Injury" Model

Atherosclerosis is a proliferative fibro-inflammatory disease developing in the arterial wall, inducing a deficient blood flow or a lack of blood flow. Moreover, by rupture of the defective vascular wall, atherosclerosis induces occlusive thrombus formation, which represents the main cause of myocardial infarction or stroke and the most frequent cause of death. Despite the advances in the cardiovascular field, many questions remain unanswered, and additional basic research is essential to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms during atherosclerosis and its effects. Due to limited clinical studies, there is a need for representative animal models recreating atherosclerotic conditions such as neointima formation after stent implantation, balloon angioplasty, or endarterectomy. Since the mouse presents many advantages and is the most frequently used model for studying molecular processes, the current study proposes an invasive procedure of endothelial denudation, also known as the wire-injury model, which is representative of the human condition of neointima formation in arteries after revascularization procedures.

This study describes an invasive procedure for the induction of accelerated atherosclerosis in mice. In comparison to other methods using electric- or cryo-induced injury, mechanical-induced injury mimics the human condition of restenosis after revascularization therapies and is ideal for the study of the molecular mechanisms involved.

마우스에서 가속 죽상 경화증의 유도: "와이어 부상" 모델

Atherosclerosis is a proliferative fibro-inflammatory disease developing in the arterial wall, inducing a deficient blood flow or a lack of blood flow. ...

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves focal endothelial-selective transgenesis, thereby allowing an investigator to determine the biological roles of endothelial-expressed transgenes and to quantify the in vivo transcriptional activity of DNA sequences in large artery endothelial cells. The method uses surgical isolation of rabbit common carotid arteries and an arteriotomy to deliver a transgene-expressing viral vector into the arterial lumen. A short incubation period of the vector in the lumen, with subsequent aspiration of the lumen contents, is sufficient to achieve efficient and durable expression of the transgene in the endothelium, with no detectable transduction or expression outside of the isolated arterial segment. The method allows assessment of the biological activities of transgene products both in normal arteries and in models of human vascular disease, while avoiding systemic effects that could be caused either by targeting gene delivery to other sites (e.g. the liver) or by the alternative approach of delivering genetic constructs to the endothelium by germ line transgenesis. Application of the method is limited by the need for a skilled surgeon and anesthetist, a well-equipped operating room, the costs of purchasing and housing rabbits, and the need for expertise in gene-transfer vector construction and use. Results obtained with this method include: transgene-related alterations in arterial structure, cellularity, extracellular matrix, or vasomotor function; increases or reductions in arterial inflammation; alterations in vascular cell apoptosis; and progression, retardation, or regression of diseases such as intimal hyperplasia or atherosclerosis. The method also allows measurement of the ability of native and synthetic DNA regulatory sequences to alter transgene expression in endothelial cells, providing results that include: levels of transgene mRNA, levels of transgene protein, and levels of transgene enzymatic activity.

In Vivo Gene Transfer to the Rabbit Common Carotid Artery Endothelium

This method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of rabbit carotid arteries. Introduction of the transgene allows the assessment of the biological role of the transgene product either in normal arteries or disease models. The method is also useful for measuring activity of DNA regulatory sequences.

Vivo에서 토끼 일반적인 경 동맥 내 피에 유전자 이동

The goal of this method is to introduce a transgene into the endothelium of isolated segments of both rabbit common carotid arteries. The method achieves ...

A Rabbit Model of Durable Transgene Expression in Jugular Vein to Common Carotid Artery Interposition Grafts

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia, and atherosclerosis. The goal of this article is to demonstrate a method for placing bilateral venous interposition grafts in a rabbit, then transducing the grafts with a gene transfer vector that achieves durable transgene expression. The method allows the investigation of the biological roles of genes and their protein products in normal vein graft homeostasis. It also allows the testing of transgenes for the activities that could prevent vein graft failure, e.g., whether the expression of a transgene prevents the neointimal growth, reduces the vascular inflammation, or reduces atherosclerosis in rabbits fed with a high-fat diet. During an initial survival surgery, the segments of right and left external jugular vein are excised and placed bilaterally as reversed end-to-side common carotid artery interposition grafts. During a second survival surgery, performed 28 days later, each of the grafts is isolated from the circulation with vascular clips and the lumens are filled (via an arteriotomy) with a solution containing a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector. After a 20-min incubation, the vector solution is aspirated, the arteriotomy is repaired, and flow is restored. The veins are harvested at time points dictated by individual experimental protocols. The 28-day delay between the graft placement and the transduction is necessary to ensure the adaptation of the vein graft to the arterial circulation. This adaptation avoids rapid loss of transgene expression that occurs in vein grafts transduced before or immediately after grafting. The method is unique in its ability to achieve durable, stable transgene expression in grafted veins. Compared to other large animal vein graft models, rabbits have advantages of low cost and easy handling. Compared to rodent vein graft models, rabbits have larger and easier-to-manipulate blood vessels that provide abundant tissue for analysis.

This method describes the placement of interposition vein grafts in rabbits, the transduction of the grafts, and the achievement of durable transgene expression. This allows the investigation of physiological and pathological roles of transgenes and their protein products in grafted veins, and testing of gene therapies for vein graft disease.

일반적인 경 동맥 중재 이식 정 맥 경에서에서 튼튼한 Transgene 식의 토끼 모델

Vein graft bypass surgery is a common treatment for occlusive arterial disease; however, long-term success is limited by graft failure due to thrombosis, ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Myography 와이어를 사용 하 여 마우스 Mesenteric 동맥의 isometric 수축 측정

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the luminal surface area in arteries thereby reducing adequate blood flow to organs and distal tissues. Clinically, revascularization procedures such as balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement aim to restore blood flow. Although these procedures reestablish blood flow by reducing plaque burden, they damage the vessel wall, which initiates the arterial healing response. The prolonged healing response causes arterial restenosis, or re-narrowing, ultimately limiting the long-term success of these revascularization procedures. Therefore, preclinical animal models are integral for analyzing the pathophysiological mechanisms driving restenosis, and provide the opportunity to test novel therapeutic strategies. Murine models are cheaper and easier to operate on than large animal models. Balloon or wire injury are the two commonly accepted injury modalities used in murine models. Balloon injury models in particular mimic the clinical angioplasty procedure and cause adequate damage to the artery for the development of restenosis. Herein we describe the surgical details for performing and histologically analyzing the modified, pressure-controlled rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Additionally, this protocol highlights how local periadventitial application of therapeutics can be used to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Lastly, we present light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a novel approach for imaging and visualizing the arterial injury in three-dimensions.

The rat carotid artery balloon injury mimics the clinical angioplasty procedure performed to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. This model induces the arterial injury response by distending the arterial wall, and denuding the intimal layer of endothelial cells, ultimately causing remodeling and an intimal hyperplastic response.

쥐 경동맥 압력 제어 세그먼트 풍선 부상 과식 치료 응용 프로그램

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the ...

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most challenging clinical syndromes in modern medicine. Mechanical support is being increasingly used in the management of cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is one of the earliest and most widely used types of mechanical circulatory support. The device acts by external counterpulsation and uses systolic unloading and diastolic augmentation of aortic pressure to improve hemodynamics. Although IABP provides less hemodynamic support when compared with newer mechanical circulatory support devices, it can still be the mechanical support device of choice in appropriate situations because of its relative simplicity of insertion and removal, need for smaller size vascular access and better safety profile. In this review, we discuss the equipment, procedural and technical aspects, hemodynamic effects, indications, evidence, current status and recent advances in the use of IABP in cardiogenic shock.

We describe the steps for the percutaneous implantation of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), a mechanical circulatory support device. It acts by counterpulsation, inflating at the onset of diastole, augmenting diastolic aortic pressure and improving coronary blood flow and systemic perfusion, and deflating before systole, reducing left ventricular afterload.