Name: a murine pancreatic islet cell-based screening for diabetogenic environmental chemicals
Uploaded: 2018-06-25T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 39 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals at JoVE.com

이 작품은 NIEHS 및 국가 자연 과학 재단의 중국 (No. 31572626) 후원 CREH 센터에서 파일럿 프로젝트 교부 금에 의해 지원 되었다.

모든 동물 실험은 모든 관련 지침, 규정 및 규제 기관에 따라 실행 했다. 지도 및 게놈 의학 기관 동물 관리 및 사용 위원회 (IACUC) 텍사스 A & M 연구소의 승인 아래 프로토콜 입증 되 고 수행 되었다.
1. 솔루션 준비
<ol><li>두 배 증류수 H2O, 1 x 10 x 행 크의 균형된 소금 솔루션을 희석 하 고 4 ° c.에 저장</li>
	<li>HEPES (10 m m), MgCl2 (1 m m), 포도 (5 m m)를 추가 하 여 격리 솔루션을 준비 합니다. PH 7.4에 조정 하 고 얼음에 계속.</li>
	<li>유형 4 콜라에서 콜라 솔루션을 준비 합니다. 참고: 특히, 콜라 유형 4 건조 중량의 밀리 그램 당 160을 U 포함 되어 있습니다. 콜라 유형 4의 1 g 5 mL 두 배 증류수 H2O 200 mg/mL의 농도로 희석입니다. 희석된 콜라의 2 mL 30 mL 얼음 차가운 격리 솔루션에 추가 되 고 콜라 솔루션의 6 mL 50 mL 튜브 각 마우스에 대 한 전송 됩니다.</li>
	<li>1mm CaCl2 격리 솔루션에 추가 하 여 세척 솔루션을 준비 합니다.</li>
	<li>찬 polysucrose/나트륨 diatrizoate 솔루션 (1.1119 g/mL, 5 mL) 정화 솔루션을 준비 합니다.</li>
	<li>RPMI 매체에 L-글루타민 (20 m m), 페니실린 (100 U/mL), 스 (100 µ g/mL), 및 소 태아 혈 청 (FBS) (10%)를 추가 하 여 섬 문화 매체의 500 mL를 준비 합니다.</li>
	<li>200 µ M에서 증류수에-20 ° c.에 게 분말을 용 해 하 여 DCFH-다 재고 솔루션을 준비 참고: 솔루션 얼룩 선생님 갓 RPMI에 5 µ M의 최종 농도에 DCFH-다 재고 솔루션을 diluting 하 여 이루어집니다. 이 시 약은 빛 으로부터 보호 되어야 한다.</li>
</ol>2. 수술 준비
<ol><li>Intraperitoneally 주사 (I.P.) avertin (2.5 %avertin, 0.4 mL/20 g)와 마우스. 마우스 완전히 마 취 후 더 이상 응답 pinches 발 뒷 다리를 하 고 마우스를 안락사 한 생물 후드로 이동.</li>
	<li>복 면이 위로 향하도록 안락사 마우스를 배치 하 고 피부 살 균에 대 한 70% 에탄올 스프레이.</li>
	<li>상단 복 부에 1cm U-절 개 된 복 부 구멍을 열고 복 부 구멍을 노출 가슴 위에 rostral 방향으로 피부를 제거 합니다.</li>
</ol>3. 췌 관류 및 제거
<ol><li>그림 1에서 볼 수 있듯이 ampulla의 위치를 찾아. 곡선된 집게의 쌍을 사용 하 여 십이지 장 Oddi의 괄약근의 위치에 가까운 클램프. 또 한 쌍의 곡선된 겸 자 사용 하 여 클램프 십이지 장 벽에는 십이지 장 담 즙 통로 차단. 참고: ampulla이이 단계에서 삽입 되지 않습니다 있다. 이 단계에서 십이지 장 담 즙 통로 차단 하도록 의미 된다.</li>
	<li>근 위 머리와 연구원에 관해서는 원심 발 마우스 위치를 변경할.</li>
	<li>일반적인 담 관을 찾아서 30 G 바늘과 5 mL 주사기로 콜라 솔루션의 3 mL를 천천히 주입. 일반적인 담 관 및 췌 주입 후 증가 다는 것을 확인 하십시오.</li>
	<li>팽창된 췌 내림차순 콜론, 창 자, 복 부, 및 비장에서 분리 곡선된 겸 자 및 좋은 위를 사용 하 여 제거 합니다. 콜라 솔루션의 3 mL를 포함 하는 50 mL 튜브에 췌를 놓고 얼음에 그것을 유지 합니다.</li>
</ol>4. 췌 장 소화
<ol><li>37 ° C 물 목욕으로 각 50 mL 튜브를 놓습니다. 15-20 분 동안 품 어 (시간에 따라 다릅니다 긴장과 쥐의 나이).</li>
	<li>소용돌이 사용 하 여 튜브를 진동.</li>
	<li>대형 메 마른 싱크대 여과기에 4-5 소화 췌 풀 하 고 특 종 췌 철저 하 게 붕괴를 사용 하 여. 세척 솔루션을 포함 하는 23 G 바늘과 10 mL 주사기를 사용 하 여 강제로 화면에서 소화 셀 플라스틱. 세척 솔루션 50 mL 튜브에 수집 합니다.</li>
	<li>1 분에 4 ° C에서 97 x g에서 튜브 원심 고는 상쾌한 가만히 따르다.</li>
	<li>튜브를 세척 솔루션의 25 mL를 추가 하 고 다시 조직 부드러운 vortexing에 의해 일시 중단. 1 분에 4 ° C에서 97 x g에서 조직을 아래로 회전 시키십시오 그리고는 상쾌한 가만히 따르다. 3 번 반복 합니다. 수송과 조직을 꺼내 조심 해야.</li>
</ol>5입니다. 독도의 정화
<ol><li>씻어 조직 펠 릿을 정화 솔루션의 10 mL를 추가 하 고 내용을 부드럽게 resuspend.</li>
	<li>부드럽게 정화 솔루션에 격리 솔루션의 5 mL을 오버레이. 두 솔루션 간의 날카로운 액체 인터페이스를 유지 하려면 주의 해야 합니다.</li>
	<li>느린 가속 15 분 동안 4 ° C에서 g x 560 및 아무 브레이크 튜브 원심 인터페이스에는 피 펫을 삽입 하 고 새로운 50 mL 튜브에 독도 레이어를 수집 합니다.</li>
	<li>3.5 단계에서 설명한 대로 독도 씻어.</li>
</ol>6. 도금 및 작은 섬 세포의 치료
<ol><li>독도 문화 솔루션의 10 mL에는 독도 resuspend, 부드럽게 섞어 잘, 그리고 100 µ L/96 잘 접시에 멀티 채널 피 펫으로 잘 배치. 96 당 약 5 독도 잘 배치 합니다.</li>
	<li>12 h에 대 한 조직 문화 인큐베이터에 접시를 놓습니다.</li>
	<li>원심 (112 x g) 96 잘 접시와 문화 매체를 제거 합니다.</li>
	<li>독도 문화 매체에서 환경 화학 물질을 희석. 접시의 별도 우물에 각 화학 diluents 100 µ L를 추가 합니다. 각 잘에서 독도 resuspend 하 고 (다른 환경 화학 물질에 대 한 농도 다름) 37 ° C에 12 h에 대 한 품 어.</li>
</ol>7. 선생님 얼룩 및 측정
<ol><li>독도 치료 후 1 x PBS로 세척 (각 96 잘 200 µ L). 참고: 화학 물질의 농도 다음과 같습니다: AFB1: 3 µ M, 아트 가진: 100 µ M, BaP: 10 µ M, BPA: 100 µ M, β-에스트로겐, PCB126: 10 µ M, Nonylphenol, 및 BPA: 100 µ M.</li>
	<li>항 산화로 N-아 세 틸 시스테인 (NAC)를 사용 하 여 선생님을 끄다. NAC의 5mm 선생님 유발 화학 diluents을 추가 하 고 37 ° c.에 12 h에 대 한 품 어</li>
	<li>112 x g에서 96 잘 접시 원심 하 고 60 분 동안 37 ° C에서 5 µ M 솔루션 형광 프로브 (H2-DCFH-다 RPMI 미디어에 녹아 있는)의 품 어.</li>
	<li>PBS로 3 회 치료 작은 섬 세포를 세척 하 고 488에서 microplate 리더 형광 측정 nm. 참고: 셀에 DCF의 축적 증가 의해 형광 530에서 측정할 수 있습니다 때 샘플 488에 흥분은 nm nm.</li>
	<li>포도 당 자극 인슐린 분 비 (GSIS) 분석 결과9 선생님 유도 xenobiotic 수행 독도 췌 장 독도의 생리 기능에 xenobiotic 효과 측정 하기 위해 치료 독도 취급.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Maruthur, N. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+growing+prevalence+of+type+2+diabetes:+increased+incidence+or+improved+survival?.">The growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes: increased incidence or improved survival?.</a> Current diabetes reports. 13 (6), 786-794 (2013).</li><li>Houstis, N., Rosen, E. D., Lander, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactive+oxygen+species+have+a+causal+role+in+multiple+forms+of+insulin+resistance.">Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance.</a> Nature. 440 (7086), 944-948 (2006).</li><li>Ma, Z. A., Zhao, Z., Turk, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+dysfunction+and+beta-cell+failure+in+type+2+diabetes+mellitus.">Mitochondrial dysfunction and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus.</a> Exp Diabetes Res. , 703538 (2012).</li><li>Valavanidis, A., Vlahogianni, T., Dassenakis, M., Scoullos, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+biomarkers+of+oxidative+stress+in+aquatic+organisms+in+relation+to+toxic+environmental+pollutants.">Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants.</a> Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 64 (2), 178-189 (2006).</li><li>Robertson, R. P., Harmon, J., Tran, P. O., Tanaka, Y., Takahashi, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucose+toxicity+in+&#946;-cells:+type+2+diabetes,+good+radicals+gone+bad,+and+the+glutathione+connection.">Glucose toxicity in &#946;-cells: type 2 diabetes, good radicals gone bad, and the glutathione connection.</a> Diabetes. 52 (3), 581-587 (2003).</li><li>Kaneto, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxidative+stress+induces+p21+expression+in+pancreatic+islet+cells:+possible+implication+in+beta-cell+dysfunction.">Oxidative stress induces p21 expression in pancreatic islet cells: possible implication in beta-cell dysfunction.</a> Diabetologia. 42 (9), 1093-1097 (1999).</li><li>Maechler, P., Jornot, L., Wollheim, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogen+peroxide+alters+mitochondrial+activation+and+insulin+secretion+in+pancreatic+beta+cells.">Hydrogen peroxide alters mitochondrial activation and insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (39), 27905-27913 (1999).</li><li>Gao, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+palmitate+on+hepatic+insulin+resistance+are+mediated+by+NADPH+Oxidase+3-derived+reactive+oxygen+species+through+JNK+and+p38MAPK+pathways.">The effects of palmitate on hepatic insulin resistance are mediated by NADPH Oxidase 3-derived reactive oxygen species through JNK and p38MAPK pathways.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (39), 29965-29973 (2010).</li><li>Efendi&#263;, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pancreastatin+and+islet+hormone+release.">Pancreastatin and islet hormone release.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 84 (20), 7257-7260 (1987).</li><li>Tian, Y., Ke, S., Denison, M. S., Rabson, A. B., Gallo, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ah+receptor+and+NF-&#954;B+interactions,+a+potential+mechanism+for+dioxin+toxicity.">Ah receptor and NF-&#954;B interactions, a potential mechanism for dioxin toxicity.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 274 (1), 510-515 (1999).</li><li>Cui, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pregnane+X+receptor+regulates+the+AhR/Cyp1A1+pathway+and+protects+liver+cells+from+benzo-[&#945;]-pyrene-induced+DNA+damage.">Pregnane X receptor regulates the AhR/Cyp1A1 pathway and protects liver cells from benzo-[&#945;]-pyrene-induced DNA damage.</a> Toxicology Letters. 275, 67-76 (2017).</li><li>Li, L. A., Wang, P. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PCB126+induces+differential+changes+in+androgen,+cortisol,+and+aldosterone+biosynthesis+in+human+adrenocortical+H295R+cells.">PCB126 induces differential changes in androgen, cortisol, and aldosterone biosynthesis in human adrenocortical H295R cells.</a> Toxicological Sciences. 85 (1), 530-540 (2005).</li><li>Asahi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bisphenol+A+induces+endoplasmic+reticulum+stress-associated+apoptosis+in+mouse+non-parenchymal+hepatocytes.">Bisphenol A induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis in mouse non-parenchymal hepatocytes.</a> Life sciences. 87 (13), 431-438 (2010).</li><li>Szot, G. L., Koudria, P., Bluestone, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+pancreatic+islet+isolation.">Murine pancreatic islet isolation.</a> JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments). (7), e255 (2007).</li><li>Kirstetter, P., Lagneau, F., Lucas, O., Krupa, Y., Marty, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+endothelium+in+the+modulation+of+isoflurane-induced+vasodilatation+in+rat+thoracic+aorta.">Role of endothelium in the modulation of isoflurane-induced vasodilatation in rat thoracic aorta.</a> British journal of anaesthesia. 79 (1), 84-87 (1997).</li><li>Brown, E., Umino, Y., Loi, T., Solessio, E., Barlow, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthesia+can+cause+sustained+hyperglycemia+in+C57/BL6J+mice.">Anesthesia can cause sustained hyperglycemia in C57/BL6J mice.</a> Visual neuroscience. 22 (5), 615-618 (2005).</li><li>Vaupel, D., McCoun, D., Cone, E. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phencyclidine+analogs+and+precursors:+rotarod+and+lethal+dose+studies+in+the+mouse.">Phencyclidine analogs and precursors: rotarod and lethal dose studies in the mouse.</a> Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 230 (1), 20-27 (1984).</li><li>Neuman, J. C., Truchan, N. A., Joseph, J. W., Kimple, M. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+mouse+pancreatic+islet+isolation+and+intracellular+cAMP+determination.">A method for mouse pancreatic islet isolation and intracellular cAMP determination.</a> Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE. (88), (2014).</li></ol>

저자 들은 아무 경쟁 금융 관심사 선언 합니다.

환경 화학 물질에 노출을 제안 증거를 축적 T2DM의 개발에 중요 한 역할. Xenobiotics 유도 선생님 T2DM의 발전에 기여 하는 잠재적인 etiological 요인으로 인식 하고있다. 인간은 다양 한 xenobiotic 화학 물질에 노출 되는 그리고 췌 장 이용과 효과적으로 식별 하 고 췌 장 세포에 독성의 기계 장치를 조사 하는 새로운 연구 기법에 대 한 큰 필요.
14, 게시 된 절차 따라 ?...

T2DM의 보급에 있는 증가 최근 몇 년 동안 공중 보건1에 심각한 위협이 포즈 세계 보건 위기 되고있다. 많은 요인이 발견 되었습니다 원인이 되는, T2DM의 개발에 연결 될 반복 결과 것이 좋습니다 이러한 요소에 대 한 하나의 일반적인 집중 포인트의 과도 한 선생님2 세대에 이르게 산화 스트레스의 유도 , 3.
환경 화학 물질 PCBs, 다이옥신, BaP 등의 다양 한 스펙트럼 유발 산화 스트레스, 췌 장 β 세포의 기능을 손상 하 고 인슐린 저항 및 T2DM4이어질 수 있습니다 발견 되었습니다. 선생님의 생리 적 수준 세포 기능에 중요 한 역할을, 비록 항 산화 시스템의 용량을 초과 하는 선생님에 노출 세포/조직에 손상 귀착되 고 질병5리드. 췌 장 β 세포 항 산화 효소의 낮은 수준의 표현 되며 따라서 산화 스트레스 중재 손상6,7에 대 한 중요 한 목표. 선생님의 상부에 만성 노출은 췌 장 세포 스트레스 유발 장애5 원인을 보여줘 되었습니다8간 및 지방 조직 인슐린 저항 뿐만 아니라.
이 프로젝트의 전반적인 목표는 췌 장 세포에 선생님의 그들의 유도에 따라 그들의 diabetogenic 잠재력에 대 한 화학 물질 화면에 세포 기반 분석 결과 개발 하는 것입니다. 췌 대사 해독 부족 고 xenobiotic 손상6,7에 대 한 중요 한 대상 이다. 따라서, 췌 장 세포에서 생성 하는 선생님을 직접 측정 하 여이 분석 결과 췌에 화학 유도 부상의 직접적인 근사를 제공 해야 합니다. 이 방법을 개발, 우리는 절연 마우스 췌 장 독도 교양 화학 물질, 셀 문화 조건 하에서 고립 된 섬 하 고 판독으로 유도 하는 화학 선생님 세대를 활용. 이 절차는 간단 하 고 효과적인 격리 된 섬; 선생님 유도 하는 화학 물질 식별 그것은 췌 체 외에 관련 된 독성의 메커니즘의 조사에 대 한 추가 개발할 수 있습니다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>10&amp;times;Hank&amp;rsquo;s balanced salt solution&amp;nbsp;</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>14185-052</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Collagenase Type 4</td><td>Worthington Biochemical Corporation</td><td>CLS-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polysucrose/sodium diatrizoate solution&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>10771</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2&amp;rsquo;,7&amp;rsquo;-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-DA)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D6883-50MG</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>fluorescence microplate reader&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Biotek</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-glutamine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G8540-25G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>streptomycin</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>15140148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FBS</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>26140079</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>RPMI 1640</td><td>GIBCO</td><td>11875-085</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>avertin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T48402-25G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rat/Mouse Insulin ELISA Kit</td><td>Millipore</td><td>EZRMI-13K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge</td><td>Sorval</td><td>Sorval RT7</td><td>for 96-well plate centrifuge</td></tr><tr><td>Microplate reader</td><td>Biotek</td><td>Epoch 2</td><td>for fluorescence reading</td></tr></tbody></table>

a murine pancreatic islet cell-based screening for diabetogenic environmental chemicals

인간과 동물에서 특정 환경 화학 물질에 노출은 타입-2 당뇨병 mellitus (T2DM)의 개발으로 이어질 것 이다 췌 장 β 세포의 세포 손상을 발견 되었습니다. 화학 유도 β 세포 손상에 대 한 메커니즘은 불분명 하 고 복잡 한 것 같다, 비록 한 되풀이 발견은 이러한 화학 물질에 손상을 유발합니다 과도 한 반응성 산소 종 (선생님)의 생성을 선도 하는 산화 스트레스 유발 β 세포입니다. 우리 C57BL/6 마우스의 췌 장 섬 세포과 교양된 섬 셀 96 잘 세포 배양 배지;에 있는 고립 된 잠재적인 diabetogenic 환경 화학 물질 식별, 그리고, 작은 섬 세포는 화학 물질과 복용 했다 선생님 세대 2', dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-다)-7' 형광 염료에 의해 발견 되었다. 이 방법을 사용 하 여, 우리는 bisphenol A (BPA), Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), 그리고 비페닐 (PCBs), 그들은 잠재적으로 작은 섬 세포에 손상을 유발 수 있습니다 제안 하는 선생님의 상부 유도 수 있습니다. 이 메서드는 diabetogenic xenobiotics를 심사 하는 데 유용 해야 합니다. 또한, 경작된 작은 섬 세포 췌 장 세포에서 화학 유도 된 독성의 생체 외에서 분석에 맞게 수도 있습니다.

건강 한 고립 된 섬의 현미경 사진 그림 2, 독도 원형 또는 타원형 모양으로 비교적 균일 한 크기 (비록 크기 균일성 스트레인 스트레인에서 다를 수 있습니다)를가지고 있는에 표시 됩니다. 우리 다음 조사 생체 외에서 분석 결과에서 췌 장 섬 기능 분리는 섬 하 고 문화 독도에서 인슐린 분 비를 자극. 그림 3 GSIS 분석 결?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals at JoVE.com

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

여기 우리는 잠재적인 diabetogenic xenobiotic 화학 물질 식별는 xenobiotics에 의해 선생님 inductions을 심사에 대 한 마우스 췌 장 섬 세포 격리 프로토콜을 제시.

Diabetogenic 환경 화학 물질에 대 한 Murine 췌 장 섬 세포 기반 검사

Exposure to certain environmental chemicals in human and animals has been found to cause cellular damage of the pancreatic &#946; cells which will lead to ...

a-murine-pancreatic-islet-cell-based-screening-for-diabetogenic

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

7.2K 조회수.  Hunan Agriculture University. 여기 우리는 잠재적인 diabetogenic xenobiotic 화학 물질 식별는 xenobiotics에 의해 선생님 inductions을 심사에 대 한 마우스 췌 장 섬 세포 격리 프로토콜을 제시.

비디오: A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals

Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

Hi, I am Greg Zott. I'm with the UCSF Diabetes Center in the Bluestone Laboratory, and today I'm gonna show you the process for isolating mouse eyelets. The procedure involves the injection of a collagenase solution into the pancreas of a C3 H donor mouse, where we will then remove that pancreas, digest it away, purify the eyelets on a fial gradient, and then handpick them for ultimate transplant into the kidney capsule of a diabetic NOD mouse, Which will be our recipient.Before we start this procedure, we diluted our ATE solution in a modified Hanks buffer and we have adjusted the concentration specific for the strain of mouse that we're using the C3 H.We found digests better at a 0.8 mgs per mil collagenase solution, and we will use that to inject into the common bile duct to distend the pancreas.Performing. The procedure today Will be Pavo codre of the diabetes center. He will inject, open up the mouse, expose the the intestines, and then inject into the common bile duct.We will spray down the mouse with ethanol to keep the hair down, and then we will also verify that the mouse has been sacrificed properly with a toe pinch. Pavo will now open up the mouse and exposing the intestine and the pancreas with a midline incision. The diaphragm will also be cut to verify that the mouse will be sacrificed.Before we get started, I'd like to point out some of the important structures. The stomach is lying right here with the pancreas attached underneath into the duodenum and above. This is the liver where we'll find the gallbladder and the common bile duct, which you can see right here.So what Pavo will do next is he will isolate the small intestine, find where the common bile duct enters the small intestine. Once the intestine is exposed, we clamp on either side of the common bile duct with mosquito clamps. We find that this allows more collagenates to enter the pancreas while other groups try to direct the clamp on top of the common bile duct.We find that this is a better technique in allowing enzyme to enter the pancreas. This is a gentle procedure. You don't want to tear the bowel.You wanna allow the clamps to lie gently on either side of the common bile duct. Now we will find a gallbladder, and once the gallbladder's exposed, we will use that as a guide to injecting the collagenase into the common bile duct. Powell's using a 30 gauge needle with a five cc syringe containing three mills of collagenase solution.As he's entering the common bile duct, he's distending that duct with collagenase solution and then he travels down the common bile duct till he reaches near the intestine. And as he's going down, the enzyme solutions being pumped into the injected into the pancreas. Now that the pancreas is inflated with collagenase solution, Powell's gonna remove the hemostats and then remove the pancreas from the the mouse carefully tearing it away from the intestine.He removes it from the stomach. Okay, and then using the spleen as a handle, he lifts up the pancreas and then slowly snips it away in the common bile duct, and that's it. Pancreas is laid out and then the spleen is removed, and there he's removing the meso enteric tissue, and then the pancreas is placed in a two mill collagenase solution and a sterilized glass vial and it's placed back on Ice.The isolated pancreas that we put into the glass vials will now be placed into a 37 degree water bath for approximately 17 minutes. We placed them into a 50 mil conical rack so that they don't float up. Once during the bath, the timer starts and the digestion begins.Once the digestion time is completed, vials are removed, and then they are shaken and disrupted gently. And once the tissue starts falling apart, the vial is then placed on ice. A sterile screen is placed over a 400 mil beaker that contains washing buffer.The pancreas digest is then carefully poured over the screen into the wash buffer. For demonstration purposes, the hood has been turned off and the glass of the hood has been raised so we could see what we're doing. Once the pancreas digest is poured into the beaker, the vials are rinsed with the same washing buffer and the wash buffer placed over the screen.We have a syringe filled with washing buffer. We will use that to forcefully wash the tissue through the screen. The idea is to release any loose eyelets that are unattached to the matrix, but leaving the membranes and the undigested tissue on the screen.And when you're finished washing a tissue, this is what you usually See at the end of the procedure. The Pancreas tissue that's in the bottom of the tube will now be transferred to two 50 mil conical, and the tissue will be washed, the tissue's mixed evenly, and then distributed evenly so that we have a equal pellet volume in each tube. The beaker is now rinsed with more washing buffer.The sides are rinse so that you get all tissue that is entered the beaker again. Then it's equally distributed between each two, both 50 mil. Conical then are topped off with wash buffer.The tissue is inverted several times and then placed into a centrifuge. This is a quick spin. The centrifuge is allowed to reach a thousand RPM and then is turned off.The tissue at this time is very S eyelets are very sensitive, and you don't want to over compact them. The tubes are removed and we will do this wash step three more times. This is the end of the third wash.The components of the 50 mil conical tube are transferred to the 15 conical tube and centrifuge for a thousand RP M and then stopped. The supernat will be removed and the first part of the FI Call will be started. We are at the step where we Have our pelleted di pancreas digest.We'll resuspend that tissue so it's nice and loose to the pellets. We'll add the first density gradient, which is 1 1 0 8. We'll add five mils to each tube.The pellet is then mixed thoroughly in each of the gradients. It's important that you get good tissue distribution in your heaviest gradient. Now we will layer two mils of 1 0 9 6 density.We will then on top of that, layer two mils of 1 0 6 9 density, and then on top of that 1 0 3 7 density. It's important while you're layering the densities that you don't mix. Then all the layers have been added to the tube.And you can see this is the top of 1 1 0 8, the top of 9 1 0 9 6, the top of 1 0 6 9 and the top of 1 0 3 7. And you could see the tissue is already starting to move to its proper density even without centri fusion. The fial gradients are brought up to speed at 1800 RPM for 15 minutes, and remember to keep the brake off after the tubes are removed from the centrifuge.You can see between the 0 0 9 6 and 0 0 7 layer, there's a nice band of eyelet tissue Pablo's. Now removing the 0 3 7 layer to remove any tissue debris and DNA that might have been released during the processing. Using a sterile plastic pasture pipette, he will now remove the islet layer and transfer them to a 50 mil conical containing 25 mils of wash buffer.You want do this step quickly because fol is toxic to eyelets. We actually removed the entire 0 6 9 and 0 9 6 layer. Pavo cuts the top of the plastic pasture pipette and rinses it with wash buffer.The eyelets are then centrifuge like we centrifuge previously. Centrifuge is brought up to a Thousand RPM and then we stop it and We aspirate off. The supernatant eyelets will be washed three times with wash media.So we just completed the eyelid Isolation process we took from the digest to the fol gradient to the purified eyelets after our third wash with wash buffer, we resuspended the eyelets in our RPMI media and we played it in a tissue culture plate. These eyelets are now ready for in vitro assays or in vivo preps like eyelet Transplant.

Murine 췌장 아일릿 격리

연구

생물학

Single-cell Transcriptomic Analyses of Mouse Pancreatic Endocrine Cells

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, including insulin-secreting &#946; cells, are differentiated from common endocrine progenitors during the embryonic stage. Immature endocrine cells expand via cell proliferation and mature during a long postnatal developmental period. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not clearly defined. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a promising approach for the characterization of distinct cell populations and tracing cell lineage differentiation pathways. Here, we describe a method for the single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated pancreatic &#946; cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases.

We describe a method for the isolation of endocrine cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases followed by single-cell RNA sequencing. This method allows analyses of pancreatic endocrine lineage development, cell heterogeneity and transcriptomic dynamics.

마우스 췌 장 내 분 비 세포의 단일 셀 Transcriptomic 분석

Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, ...

발생학

Analysis of Non-Human Primate Pancreatic Islet Oxygen Consumption

The measurement of oxygen consumption in spheroid clusters of cells, such as ex vivo pancreatic islets, has historically been challenging. We demonstrate the measurement of islet oxygen consumption using a 96-well microplate designed for the measurement of oxygen consumption in spheroids. In this assay, spheroid microplates are coated with a cell and tissue adhesive on the day prior to the assay. We utilize a small volume of adhesive solution to encourage islet adherence to only the bottom of the well. On the day of the assay, 15 islets are loaded directly into the base of each well using a technique that ensures optimal positioning of islets and accurate measurement of oxygen consumption. Various aspects of mitochondrial respiration are probed pharmacologically in non-human primate islets, including ATP-dependent respiration, maximal respiration, and proton leak. This method allows for consistent, reproducible results using only a small number of islets per well. It can theoretically be applied to any cultured spheroids of similar size.

This protocol demonstrates the accurate and reproducible measurement of oxygen consumption in non-human primate pancreatic islets. The islet loading techniques and coating of the microplate provide a framework for efficient measurement of respiration in other types of cultured spheroids.

비인간 영장류 췌장 췌도 산소 소비 분석

The measurement of oxygen consumption in spheroid clusters of cells, such as ex vivo pancreatic islets, has historically been challenging. We demonstrate ...

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, the role of beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes has been clearly established 2. Research progress has required methods for the isolation of pancreatic islets. The protocol of the islet isolation presented here shares many common steps with protocols from other groups, with some modifications to improve the yield and quality of isolated islets from both the wild type and diabetic Leprdb (db/db) mice. A live-cell 2-photon imaging method is then presented that can be used to investigate the control of insulin secretion within islets.

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

We present here a protocol for the isolation of islets from the mouse model of type 2 diabetes, Leprdb and details of a live-cell assay for measurement of insulin secretion from intact islets that utilizes 2 photon microscopy.

Lepr<sup&gt; DB</sup&gt; 2 형 당뇨병의 마우스 모델 : 본래 독도 췌장 섬 세포의 분리 및 라이브 셀 2 광자 이미징

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, ...

의학

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet &#946;-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Loss of insulin-producing &#946;-cells is a central feature of diabetes. While a variety of potential replacement therapies are being explored, expansion of endogenous insulin-producing pancreatic islet &#946;-cells remains an attractive strategy. &#946;-cells have limited spontaneous regenerative activity; consequently, a crucial research effort is to develop a precise understanding of the molecular pathways that restrain &#946;-cell growth and to identify drugs capable of overcoming these restraints. Herein an automated high-content image-based primary-cell screening method to identify &#946;-cell replication-promoting small molecules is presented. Several, limitations of prior methodologies are surmounted. First, use of primary islet cells rather than an immortalized cell-line maximizes retention of in vivo growth restraints. Second, use of mixed-composition islet-cell cultures rather than a &#946;-cell-line allows identification of both lineage-restricted and general growth stimulators. Third, the technique makes practical the use of primary islets, a limiting resource, through use of a 384-well format. Fourth, detrimental experimental variability associated with erratic islet culture quality is overcome through optimization of isolation, dispersion, plating and culture parameters. Fifth, the difficulties of accurately and consistently measuring the low basal replication rate of islet endocrine-cells are surmounted with optimized immunostaining parameters, automated data acquisition and data analysis; automation simultaneously enhances throughput and limits experimenter bias. Notable limitations of this assay are the use of dispersed islet cultures which disrupts islet architecture, the use of rodent rather than human islets and the inherent limitations of throughput and cost associated with the use of primary cells. Importantly, the strategy is easily adapted for human islet replication studies. This assay is well suited for investigating the mitogenic effect of substances on &#946;-cells and the molecular mechanisms that regulate &#946;-cell growth.

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet &#946;-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Critical challenges for the diabetes research field are to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate islet &#946;-cell replication and to develop methods for stimulating &#946;-cell regeneration. Herein a high-content screening method to identify and assess the &#946;-cell replication-promoting activity of small molecules is presented.

높은 콘텐츠<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 췌장 작은 섬의 β 세포 복제 디스커버리 플랫폼

Loss of insulin-producing &#946;-cells is a central feature of diabetes. While a variety of potential replacement therapies are being explored, expansion ...

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Elevated blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complex and multifactorial metabolic disease, are caused by insulin resistance and &#946;-cell failure. Various strategies, including the injection of insulin or the usage of insulin-sensitizing drugs, were pursued to treat T2DM or at least reduce the symptoms. In addition, the application of herbal compounds has attracted increasing attention. Thus, it is necessary to find efficient test systems to identify and characterize insulin-mimetic compounds. Here we developed a modified chick embryo model, which enables testing of synthetic compounds and herbal extracts with insulin-mimetic properties. Using a fluorescence microscopy-based primary screen, which quantifies the translocation of Glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) to the plasma membrane, we were able to identify compounds, mainly herbal extracts, which lead to an increase of intracellular glucose concentrations in adipocytes. However, the efficacy of these substances requires further verification in a living organism. Thus, we used an in-ovo approach to identify their blood glucose-reducing properties. The approval by an ethics committee is not needed since the use of chicken embryos during the first two-thirds of embryonic development is not considered an animal experiment. Here, the application of this model is described in detail.

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

In this study, we describe an in-ovo system as a promising tool to test insulin-mimetic compounds in a living organism. The main advantages include adequate throughput rates and acceptable costs, which enable the identification of phytochemicals with insulin-mimetic properties.

Elevated blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a complex and multifactorial metabolic disease, are caused by insulin resistance and ...

신경과학

Intraportal Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets in Mouse Model

Pancreatic islet transplantation to reduce hyperglycemia is highly successful in rodents with chemically-induced diabetes. The most common transplantation site in experimental islet transplantation is the kidney capsule. However, as less is known about the interaction of pancreatic islets with blood constituents, it also makes sense to utilize the portal vein approach in experimental islet transplantation.
This protocol demonstrates an intraportal islet transplantation technique in NMRI nude mice. Streptozotocin (180 mg/kg) is injected intraperitoneally to induce hyperglycemia in recipient mice. They are considered as diabetic at a non-fasting blood glucose level greater than 20 mmol/L. One day prior to transplantation, mouse pancreatic islets are isolated from the donor pancreas by collagenase digestion; a minimum of 350 islets are utilized per diabetic recipient. Depending upon the islet isolation yield, two or more donor mice are utilized per recipient. After overnight culture at 37 &#176;C, islets are administered into the recipient liver via the portal vein. After surgery, the mice are protected in red Makrolon houses and observed until are awake. This protocol maintains glycemic control for 120 days in syngeneic mice and 15 days in allogeneic mice.

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a way to achieve normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes. This article focuses on the transplantation technique through the intraportal route to maintain normal glucose levels in diabetic mice.

Intraportal 이식 마우스 모델에서 췌 장 독도의

Pancreatic islet transplantation to reduce hyperglycemia is highly successful in rodents with chemically-induced diabetes. The most common transplantation ...

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, both immune-mediated type 1 and obesity-linked type 2, studies aimed at delineating diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms are of critical importance. The &#946;-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are responsible for appropriately secreting insulin in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations. In addition to glucose and other nutrients, the &#946;-cells are also stimulated by specific hormones, termed incretins, which are secreted from the gut in response to a meal and act on &#946;-cell receptors that increase the production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Decreased &#946;-cell function, mass, and incretin responsiveness are well-understood to contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and are also being increasingly linked with type 1 diabetes. The present mouse islet isolation and cAMP determination protocol can be a tool to help delineate mechanisms promoting disease progression and therapeutic interventions, particularly those that are mediated by the incretin receptors or related receptors that act through modulation of intracellular cAMP production. While only cAMP measurements will be described, the described islet isolation protocol creates a clean preparation that also allows for many other downstream applications, including glucose stimulated insulin secretion, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, protein abundance, and mRNA expression.

Assaying in vitro &#946;-cell function using isolated mouse islets of Langerhans is an important component in the study of diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutics. While many&#160;downstream applications are available, this protocol specifically describes the measurement of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an essential parameter determining &#946;-cell function.

마우스 췌장 섬의 분리 및 세포 내 cAMP를 결정하는 방법

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.

마우스에서 췌장 췌도 격리를 위한 간단한 고효율 프로토콜

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other ...

쥐 췌장 β세포의 유사분열(Mitophagy)에 대한 정량적 분석

Complementary Approaches to Interrogate Mitophagy Flux in Pancreatic &#946;-Cells

Mitophagy is a quality control mechanism necessary to maintain optimal mitochondrial function. Dysfunctional &#946;-cell mitophagy results in insufficient insulin release. Advanced quantitative assessments of mitophagy often require the use of genetic reporters. The mt-Keima mouse model, which expresses a mitochondria-targeted pH-sensitive dual-excitation ratiometric probe for quantifying mitophagy via flow cytometry, has been optimized in &#946;-cells. The ratio of acidic-to-neutral mt-Keima wavelength emissions can be used to robustly quantify mitophagy. However, using genetic mitophagy reporters can be challenging when working with complex genetic mouse models or difficult-to-transfect cells, such as primary human islets. This protocol describes a novel complementary dye-based method to quantify &#946;-cell mitophagy in primary islets using MtPhagy. MtPhagy is a pH-sensitive, cell-permeable dye that accumulates in the mitochondria and increases its fluorescence intensity when mitochondria are in low pH environments, such as lysosomes during mitophagy. By combining the MtPhagy dye with Fluozin-3-AM, a Zn2+ indicator that selects for &#946;-cells, and Tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester (TMRE) to assess mitochondrial membrane potential, mitophagy flux can be quantified specifically in &#946;-cells via flow cytometry. These two approaches are highly complementary, allowing for flexibility and precision in assessing mitochondrial quality control in numerous &#946;-cell models.

저자 스포트라이트: 효과적이고 강력한 보완적 접근법을 사용한 췌장 β세포의 미토파지 플럭스 평가 

This protocol outlines two methods for the quantitative analysis of mitophagy in pancreatic &#946;-cells: first, a combination of cell-permeable mitochondria-specific dyes, and second, a genetically encoded mitophagy reporter. These two techniques are complementary and can be deployed based on specific needs, allowing for flexibility and precision in quantitatively addressing mitochondrial quality control.

췌장 β세포에서 미토파지 플럭스를 조사하기 위한 보완적 접근법

Mitophagy is a quality control mechanism necessary to maintain optimal mitochondrial function. Dysfunctional &#946;-cell mitophagy results in insufficient ...

Diabetogenic 환경 화학 물질에 대 한 Murine 췌 장 섬 세포 기반 검사

요약

더 많은 비디오 탐색

이 비디오의 챕터

Murine 췌장 아일릿 격리

마우스 췌 장 내 분 비 세포의 단일 셀 Transcriptomic 분석

비인간 영장류 췌장 췌도 산소 소비 분석

Lepr

높은 콘텐츠

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Intraportal 이식 마우스 모델에서 췌 장 독도의

마우스 췌장 섬의 분리 및 세포 내 cAMP를 결정하는 방법

마우스에서 췌장 췌도 격리를 위한 간단한 고효율 프로토콜

췌장 β세포에서 미토파지 플럭스를 조사하기 위한 보완적 접근법