Development of this protocol was supported by the Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through Grant Number 8UL1TR000055. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.

NOTA: Os pacientes e / ou seus responsáveis ​​devem dar consentimento informado para participar de um Comitê de Ética aprovou estudo. 1. Os tampões e Preparações Mídia <ol><li> Tampão de lavagem: Para preparar 100 ml de tampão de lavagem, adicionar 1 ml de caneta 100x / Solução strep (100 U / ml de penicilina + 100 ug / ml de estreptomicina) a 99 ml de solução salina de tampão fosfato (PBS). </li><li> Urinária Progenitor Cell (UPC) Medium: Para preparar o meio UPC, misturar volumes iguais de Keratinocyte Serum Livre (KSF) Medium + Progenitor Medium Cell. <ol><li> KSF Médio: Para preparar o meio de queratinócitos, adicionam-se 5 ng / ml de factor de crescimento epidérmico (EGF), 50 ng / ml de extracto de pituitária de bovino (BPE), 30 ng / ml de toxina da cólera, e solução de pen / strep (100 L / ml de penicilina, 100 ug / ml de estreptomicina) para 500 ml de meio de KSF. </li><li> Medium Progenitor Cell: Adicione três trimestres de DMEM com um quarto de mídia Ham-F12 e suplementar com 10% FBS, 0,4 ug / ml de hidrocortisona, 0,1nM de toxina da cólera, 5 ng / ml de insulina, 1,8 x 10 ~ 4 M de adenina, 5 ug / ml de transferrina, 2 x 10 -9 M tironina triiodo, 10 ng / ml de EGF, e pen / strep solução. </li></ol></li><li> hES Médio: Adiciona-se 20% de substituição KO-soro (K-SR), aminoácidos não essenciais 1x MEM, 2 mM de L-glutamina, 100 uM β-mercaptoetanol, 20 ng / ml de bFGF e pen / strep a 400 ml de DMEM / F12. </li></ol> Coleta de Amostras 2. Urina <ol><li> Instrua os pacientes a beber líquidos 30 minutos antes da coleta de urina para garantir que uma quantidade adequada (30-40 ml) de urina podem ser coletadas. </li><li> Dê os pacientes e / ou seus responsáveis ​​um kit de coleta de urina contendo os seguintes itens: (1) as instruções escritas sobre como obter estéril ou limpo amostra de urina captura, (2) toilettes anti-bacterianas úmidos, e (3) a 100 ml estéril espécime copo de coleta. Instruir os pacientes para coletar amostra. </li><li> Imediatamente coloque as amostras de urina no gelo e transferir para o laboratory em um refrigerador. Processar a urina para o isolamento de células imediatamente. Se um atraso for inevitável, armazenar as amostras em gelo por até 4 horas com mínima perda de viabilidade celular. </li></ol> 3. Isolamento e expansão de células de urina NOTA: Execute as seguintes etapas em condições estéreis em um BSL2 Gabinete de Segurança Biológica. <ol><li> Utilizando pipetas estéreis, amostras de urina de transferência estéril para tubos de centrifugação de 50 ml. Centrifuga-se a 400 x g durante 10 min à temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Aspirar o sobrenadante deixando 1 ml no tubo; ter cuidado para não perturbar o pellet celular. </li><li> Ressuspender e combinar os peletes a partir de múltiplos tubos em 7 ml de tampão de lavagem e repetir a centrifugação a 400 x g durante 10 min à temperatura ambiente. </li><li> Aspirar cuidadosamente o sobrenadante, deixando o sedimento celular e ~ 0,2-0,5 mL de sobrenadante. Ressuspender em 2-3 ml de células progenitoras urinário (UPC) médio e transferir a suspensão em 4-6 poços de uma unrevestido placa de 24 poços. </li><li> Após 72 h, completar a cultura com 0,5 ml de meio fresco UPC por cavidade e alterar meio cada 2-3 dias depois. Os eritrócitos e células escamosas que não ligam para a chapa será removida com o meio de mudanças. </li><li> Monitorar cultura após 4-6 dias. Nota: Pequenas 2-4 colônias de células vão começar a aparecer. As células serão arredondadas ou alongadas que representam tipo I ou II do epitelial renal (RE) de células, respectivamente 3. </li><li> Mudar a forma a cada 2-3 dias desde uma vez que as células aparecem, eles passarão por uma fase de rápida expansão. </li><li> Uma vez que as células atingem 80-90% de confluência, cerca de 9-15 dias após o plaqueamento, dissociam-se e passagem das células (15,000-18,000 células / cm2) em 04/02 poços de placa de 24 poços para uma maior expansão. Marcar como passagem célula 1 (P1). </li><li> Caracterizar as células de urina para obter as especificações de linhagem por meio da análise de citometria de fluxo, immunohistochemcoloração idêntica ou através da reacção em cadeia da polimerase-transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR). </li><li> Reprogramar células de urina isoladas (seção 4) ou congelá-los para baixo em Congelamento Medium (DMEM suplementado com 10% de soro e 10% DMSO) para cryostorage longo prazo. </li></ol> 4. Urina reprogramação celular Usando Sendai Virus NOTA: O tratamento adequado eo uso de EPI (equipamento de proteção individual) é recomendada durante a manipulação dos agentes de transfecção. Execute as seguintes etapas em condições estéreis em um BSL2 Gabinete de Segurança Biológica. O descarte adequado de transfecção de células de agente e / ou transfectadas é recomendado para evitar o risco de riscos ambientais e de saúde. Para urina reprogramação celular, use um Sendai Reprogramação Kit com modificações para protocolo dependente de alimentador do fabricante, conforme detalhado abaixo. <ol><li> Para garantir alta eficiência reprogramação utilizando o vírus Sendai, uso de passagens 1-5 de células de urina que são rápidosly dividindo. Se as células não se replicam bem ou se tornam senescentes, descartá-los, pois não vai reprogramar eficiente. </li><li> Semente de 60.000 células por poço em dois poços de uma placa de 6 poços. Marcar como Dia -2. Ajustar densidade de sementeira de células (5 x 04-09 outubro 4 x 10 células por cavidade), conforme necessário para atingir 80-90% de confluência por Dia 0. </li><li> No Dia 0 (48 h após o plaqueamento das células), preparar os vectores de reprogramação Sendai (SEV), contendo cada um dos quatro factores OSKM. Adicionar a cada um dos vectores de 1 ml de meio pré-aquecido a UPC. Utilize uma MOI de 1-1,5 (5-7,5 x 10 5 CIU), que é suficiente para as células de urina reprogramação. Aspirar o meio e adiciona-se lentamente a 1 ml UPC + SeV para um poço de células de urina. Utilize a segunda bem como o controlo negativo transdução. </li><li> No dia 1, substituir o meio UPC + SeV com meio UPC fresco. Alguns morte celular é observada após 24 h devido a citotoxicidade virai. </li><li> Dependendo da eficiência do clon reprogramadoe formações e a morfologia compacta, ficar mudando o meio dia até dia 6 ou 7. </li><li> Um dia antes da dissociação de células transduzidas (5 ou 6 dias), para preparar as placas alimentadoras MEF por plaqueamento de mitomicina-C (10 ug / ml durante 3 horas) MEFs-tratados com uma densidade de 5 x 10 4 células / cm 2, em 0,1 % de gelatina revestidas placas de 100 mm 2 de cultura. </li><li> No dia seguinte (dia 6 ou 7), dissociar as células com tripsina a 0,25%, ressuspender as células em meio de UPC e placa 5 x outubro 4-2 x 10 5 células / 100 mm 2 MEF alimentador de placas. </li><li> No dia seguinte, mudar para o meio-tronco embrionárias humanas e mudar o meio de todos os dias. Observe as células em um microscópio para monitorar as células transformadas. NOTA: As células formam agregados clonais com morfologia característica de paralelepípedos e ter maior núcleo à relação citoplasmática (12-18 dias após a transdução). </li><li> Dentro de duas a três semanas após a transdução, escolher colônias e transferir para novas placas para clonexpansão ai. </li><li> Realização da coloração de células vivas para a selecção de clones de IPSC por incubação das células com anticorpo TRA-1-81 durante 1 hora a 37 ° C na incubadora de CO2, seguido de coloração com corante fluorescente contador específica do anticorpo secundário conjugado durante 1 hora a 37 ° C na incubadora de CO 2. </li><li> Use a 26 G 1½ polegada agulha para cross-chocar os maiores TRA-1-81 clones IPSC positivos em pequenos pedaços de tamanhos iguais (4-6 peças por clone). </li><li> Use uma pipeta estéril-ponta para pegar e transferência 10-20 peças cross-eclodidos de vários clones em cada poço de Matrigel (10 g / cm 2) -Revestido placa de 24 poços com meio-tronco embrionárias humanas. NOTA: As partes de um único clone banhado individualmente em um único bem não expandir ou manter pluripotência. </li><li> Mudar a forma de hES iPSC 24-48 h, depois os clones reprogramadas estão ligados à superfície de Matrigel. </li><li> Durante a manutenção em placas Matrigel-revestidos, manualmente SCRAPE-off quaisquer células diferenciadas ou contaminantes células alimentadoras MEF utilizando uma pipeta-ponta para enriquecer iPSC (MD-IPSC) clones distróficos totalmente reprogramadas e pluripotentes. </li><li> Depois de clones individuais alcançaram ~ 100 mm de tamanho, expandir os clones dissociando com EDTA 0,48 mM (ácido etilenodiaminotetracético) solução para 3 min e plaqueamento agregados de células pequenas de MD-iPSCs suspensas em meio iPSC (suplementado com 5? M Y27632, Rho Kinase inibidor ) em matrigel fresco (10? g / cm 2) revestido placa de 12 poços. Alterar médio iPSC diária. </li><li> Reprogramação completa de cada clone pode ser determinado tanto por análise de genes OSKM e coloração imuno-histoquímica de marcadores de pluripotência (OCT3 / 4 e TRA-1-81) a expressão do gene. Uma avaliação rigorosa do potencial de pluripotência deve ser empregada para confirmar linhas de IPSC totalmente reprogramadas podem se diferenciar em três camadas germinativas. Isto pode ser realizado tanto por corpo embrióides (EB), ensaio de formação e diferenciação ou um terensaio de formação de atoma. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Guan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dystrophin-deficient+cardiomyocytes+derived+from+human+urine:+New+biologic+reagents+for+drug+discovery.">Dystrophin-deficient cardiomyocytes derived from human urine: New biologic reagents for drug discovery.</a> Stem Cell Research. 12 (2), 467-480 (2014).</li><li>Dick, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exon+Skipping+and+Gene+Transfer+Restore+Dystrophin+Expression+in+Human+Induced+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells-Cardiomyocytes+Harboring+DMD+Mutations.">Exon Skipping and Gene Transfer Restore Dystrophin Expression in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-Cardiomyocytes Harboring DMD Mutations.</a> Stem Cells Dev. 22 (20), 2714-2724 (2013).</li><li>Zhou, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+urine+samples.">Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from urine samples.</a> Nat Protoc. 7 (12), 2080-2089 (2012).</li><li>Bellin, M., Marchetto, M. C., Gage, F. H., Mummery, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+pluripotent+stem+cells:+the+new+patient.">Induced pluripotent stem cells: the new patient.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 13 (11), 713-726 (2012).</li><li>Carvajal-Vergara, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+induced+pluripotent+stem-cell-derived+models+of+LEOPARD+syndrome.">Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived models of LEOPARD syndrome.</a> Nature. 465 (7299), 808-812 (2010).</li><li>Sun, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-Specific+Induced+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells+as+a+Model+for+Familial+Dilated+Cardiomyopathy.">Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Model for Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 4 (130), 130ra147 (2012).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urine+derived+cells+are+a+potential+source+for+urological+tissue+reconstruction.">Urine derived cells are a potential source for urological tissue reconstruction.</a> J Urol. 180 (5), 2226-2233 (2008).</li><li>Bayart, E., Cohen-Haguenauer, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technological+overview+of+iPS+induction+from+human+adult+somatic+cells.">Technological overview of iPS induction from human adult somatic cells.</a> Curr Gene Ther. 13 (2), 73-92 (2013).</li><li>Malik, N., Rao, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+the+methods+for+human+iPSC+derivation.">A review of the methods for human iPSC derivation.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 997, 23-33 (2013).</li><li>Nakanishi, M., Otsu, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+Sendai+virus+vectors+and+their+potential+applications+in+gene+therapy+and+regenerative+medicine.">Development of Sendai virus vectors and their potential applications in gene therapy and regenerative medicine.</a> Curr. Gene Ther. 12 (5), 410-416 (2012).</li><li>Gonz&#225;lez-Ram&#237;rez, R., Morales-L&#225;zaro, S. 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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Modelando doenças cardiovasculares usando iPSCs está se tornando uma abordagem comum para compreender a contribuição genética 4-6. Algumas dificuldades imprevistas de obtenção de amostras de células de pacientes, especialmente crianças pequenas, pode ser evitada, oferecendo a opção de uma abordagem não-invasiva, como uma coleta de urina. Nessa população jovem paciente, muitas vezes é difícil coletar um volume de urina suficiente para produzir células de urina suficiente para a reprogramação...

Cardiomiopatia é a segunda principal causa de morte em pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne e Becker (MD). Embora as mutações no gene da distrofina ligada a X ocorrer em 1: 3500 nascimentos do sexo masculino, muito pouco se sabe sobre os eventos moleculares e celulares que levam a lesão do músculo cardíaco progressivo. As células estaminais pluripotentes humanas induzida derivadas de pacientes com distrofia muscular emergiram como uma nova ferramenta para o estudo dos mecanismos patológicos subjacentes e usar-se para o rastreio de drogas 1,2. O desconforto antecipada de biópsias de pele ou amostras de sangue pode dissuadir jovens pacientes e / ou seus responsáveis ​​para dar o seu consentimento para participação no estudo. As amostras de urina são uma fonte não-invasivo de células somáticas que são alteráveis ​​a métodos de reprogramação. Mostrámos recentemente que células de urina colhidas de pacientes com distrofia muscular podem ser cultivadas eficientemente e reprogramado em iPSCs utilizando transdução retroviral com os factores (YamanakaOCT3 / 4, Sox2, KLF4, e c-Myc; OSKM) 1. A desvantagem de entrega de genes retrovirais é a integração aleatória de genes de reprogramação em cromossomas hospedeiros. Para superar essa limitação, temos usado o vírus não-integração Sendai para a reprogramação celular urina. Este protocolo detalha a reprogramação vírus Sendai de células isoladas de urina de pacientes com distrofia muscular, que pode então ser diferenciadas em cardiomiócitos e outros tipos de células para um estudo mais aprofundado. Este protocolo pode também ser adaptado para outras doenças específicas de pacientes.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1143">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:1144px;">List of Materials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name of Reagent/Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">4 Oz. Specimen Cup with Lid</td>
			<td>STL Medical Supply</td>
			<td>M9AMSAS340</td>
			<td>For Urine Sample Collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">15 mL BD-Falcon Tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">50 mL BD-Falcon Tubes</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>352098</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Round Glass Coverslips</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-545-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CytoTune-iPS Sendai Reprogramming Kit</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A1378-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PBS, pH 7.4</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10010-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pen-Strep w/o Glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RPMI Medium 1640</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11875-093</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">B-27 Supplement w/Insulin (50x)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">B-27 Supplement w/o Insulin (50x)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>0050129SA</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM/F12 (1:1)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11330-032</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Versene, 1:5000&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15040066</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">bFGF (10 &#181;g)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>13256-029</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cell Counter Cartridges</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>C10228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Knockout Serum (500 mL Bottle)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Recovery Cell Culture Freezing Medium</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12648-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Keratinocyte-SFM (1X), Liquid</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>17005-042</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM, High Glucose, Glutamax</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>10566-016</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ham&#39;s F-12 Nutrient Mix&#160;</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11765-054</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EGF Recombinant Human Protein, Liquid Form</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>PHG0311L</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Insulin, Human Recombinant, Zinc Soln</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>12585-014</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TeSR-E8</td>
			<td>Stem Cell Technologies</td>
			<td>5940</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">ROCK Inhibitor (Y-27632)</td>
			<td>Selleck</td>
			<td>S1049</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354277</td>
			<td>hESC Qualified Matrix, LVED Free</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RNeasy Mini Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>74104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">iScript cDNA Synthesis Kit</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>170-8890</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DreamTaq Green PCR Master Mix (2X)</td>
			<td>Thermo-Scientific</td>
			<td>K1081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FBS-Qualified</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F6178</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">ADENINE BIOREAGENT</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2786-5G</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CHOLERA TOXIN FROM VIBRIO CHOLERAE</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C8052-.5MG</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HYDROCORTISONE</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H0888-1G</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HOLO-TRANSFERRIN FROM HUMAN</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0665-50MG</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">3,3&#39;,5-TRIIODO-L-THYRONINE SODIUM SALT&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T6397-100MG</td>
			<td>Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DAPI&#160;</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-3598</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluoromount Aquous mounting medium</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F4680</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">16% Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Alfa-Aesar</td>
			<td>43368</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;">List of Antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name of Reagent/Material/Equipment</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti CD44 - labelled with FITC&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>560977</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti CD146 - labelled with PE</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>561013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti CD73 - labelled with PE</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>561014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti-&#945;-smooth muscle actin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2547</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse anti-Vimentin</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab8978-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mouse Anti - TRA-1-81</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>411100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rabbit anti Oct 3/4</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-9081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:415px;">Mouse Anti Dystrophin</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>NCL-DYSB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from muscular dystrophy patients: efficient integration-free reprogramming of urine derived cells

Cardiomiopatia distrófica é uma consequência pouco compreendido de distrofia muscular. Geração de células estaminais pluripotentes induzidas (iPSCs) de pacientes com distrofia muscular é uma fonte inestimável para celular in vitro sistemas modelo doença e pode ser usado para estudos de pesquisa de fármacos. Células derivadas de urina de doentes foram utilizadas na reprogramação em células estaminais pluripotentes induzidas, a fim de modelar cardiomiopatia distrófica 1. Responder às preocupações de segurança de integração de sistemas de vectores, apresentamos um protocolo usando um Sendai vetor do vírus não-integração para a transdução de Yamanaka fatores em células de urina coletadas de pacientes com distrofia muscular. Este protocolo gera clones totalmente reprogramado dentro de 2-3 semanas. As células pluripotentes são livres do vetor por passagem-13. Essas iPSCs distróficos podem se diferenciar em cardiomiócitos e usado tanto para estudar mecanismos de doença ou para o rastreio de drogas.

A maioria das células progenitoras isoladas a partir de urina humana são positivos para progenitoras e pericitos uroepiteliais marcadores tais como CD44, CD73, CD146 e (97,37%, 97,09% e 97,3%, respectivamente; Figura 1A e 1B). Estas células também expressaram outros marcadores mesenquimais, tais como alfa-actina do músculo liso e vimentina (Figura 1B). A análise por RT-PCR proporciona a evidência de uma população mista de células nas culturas em que há expres...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Muscular Dystrophy Patients: Efficient Integration-free Reprogramming of Urine Derived Cells at JoVE.com

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Muscular Dystrophy Patients: Efficient Integration-free Reprogramming of Urine Derived Cells

This protocol entails detailed procedures for isolation of urine derived cells from muscular dystrophy patients; their efficient and rapid reprogramming through Sendai virus transduction.

Geração de pluripotentes induzidas células-tronco de distrofia muscular pacientes: Reprogramação livre de integração eficiente de urina células derivadas

Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is a poorly understood consequence of muscular dystrophy. Generating induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from patients with ...

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.1K visualizações.  Medical College of Wisconsin. This protocol entails detailed procedures for isolation of urine derived cells from muscular dystrophy patients; their efficient and rapid reprogramming through Sendai virus transduction. 

Vídeo: Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Muscular Dystrophy Patients: Efficient Integration-free Reprogramming of Urine Derived Cells

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) possess high proliferation potential with multi-lineage differentiation capacity compare to the ordinary source of adult stem cells1-8; therefore, hDPSCs could be the good candidates for autologous transplantation in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Along with these benefits, possessing the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) features, such as immunolodulatory effect, make hDPSCs more valuable, even in the case of allograft transplantation6,9,10. Therefore, the primary step for using this source of stem cells is to select the best protocol for isolating hDPSCs from pulp tissue. In order to achieve this goal, it is crucial to investigate the effect of various isolation conditions on different cellular behaviors, such as their common surface markers &amp; also their differentiation capacity.
Thus, here we separate human pulp tissue from impacted third molar teeth, and then used both existing protocols based on literature, for isolating hDPSCs,11-13 i.e. enzymatic dissociation of pulp tissue (DPSC-ED) or outgrowth from tissue explants (DPSC-OG). In this regards, we tried to facilitate the isolation methods by using dental diamond disk. Then, these cells characterized in terms of stromal-associated Markers (CD73, CD90, CD105 &amp; CD44), hematopoietic/endothelial Markers (CD34, CD45 &amp; CD11b), perivascular marker, like CD146 and also STRO-1. Afterwards, these two protocols were compared based on the differentiation potency into odontoblasts by both quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) &amp; Alizarin Red Staining. QPCR were used for the assessment of the expression of the mineralization-related genes (alkaline phosphatase; ALP, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; MEPE &amp; dentin sialophosphoprotein; DSPP).14

The method described isolation and characterization of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) by using either enzymatic dissociation of pulp (DPSC-ED) or direct outgrowth of stem cells from pulp tissue explants (DPSC-OG). Then followed by in vitro comparative differentiation of both types of hDPSCs into odontoblasts.

Isolamento, caracterização e comparativa Diferenciação de células-tronco da polpa dentária Derivado de dentes permanentes usando dois métodos diferentes

Developing wisdom teeth are easy-accessible source of stem cells during the adulthood which could be obtained by routine orthodontic treatments. Human ...

Medicina

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for progression-free and overall survival. Therefore, translational research needs to provide further molecular evidence to improve targeted therapies for malignant melanomas. In the past, oncogenic mechanisms related to melanoma were extensively studied in established cell lines. On the way to more personalized treatment regimens based on individual genetic profiles, we propose to use patient-derived cell lines instead of generic cell lines. Together with high quality clinical data, especially on patient follow-up, these cells will be instrumental to better understand the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma progression.
Here, we report the establishment of primary melanoma cultures from dissected fresh tumor tissue. This procedure includes mincing and dissociation of the tissue into single cells, removal of contaminations with erythrocytes and fibroblasts as well as primary culture and reliable verification of the cells' melanoma origin.
Recent reports revealed that melanomas, like the majority of tumors, harbor a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which seem to exclusively fuel tumor initiation and progression towards the metastatic state. One of the key markers for CSC identification and isolation in melanoma is CD133. To isolate CD133+ CSCs from primary melanoma cultures, we have modified and optimized the Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) procedure from Miltenyi resulting in high sorting purity and viability of CD133+ CSCs and CD133- bulk, which can be cultivated and functionally analyzed thereafter.

Patient Derived Cell Culture and Isolation of CD133+ Putative Cancer Stem Cells from Melanoma

This article describes the preparation of freshly obtained melanoma tissue into primary cell cultures, and how to remove contaminations of erythrocytes and fibroblasts from the tumor cells. Finally, we describe how CD133+ putative melanoma stem cells are sorted from the CD133- bulk using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS).

Cultura de Células e Isolamento paciente Derivado de CD133<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Células-tronco de câncer putativos Melanoma

Despite improved treatments options for melanoma available today, patients with advanced malignant melanoma still have a poor prognosis for ...

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor initiation, metastasis and resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Here we describe a specific methodology for culturing primary human pancreatic CSCs as tumor spheres in anchorage-independent conditions. Cells are grown in serum-free, non-adherent conditions in order to enrich for CSCs while their more differentiated progenies do not survive and proliferate during the initial phase following seeding of single cells. This assay can be used to estimate the percentage of CSCs present in a population of tumor cells. Both size (which can range from 35 to 250 micrometers) and number of tumor spheres formed represents CSC activity harbored in either bulk populations of cultured cancer cells or freshly harvested and digested tumors 1,2. Using this assay, we recently found that metformin selectively ablates pancreatic CSCs; a finding that was subsequently further corroborated by demonstrating diminished expression of pluripotency-associated genes/surface markers and reduced in vivo tumorigenicity of metformin-treated cells. As the final step for preclinical development we treated mice bearing established tumors with metformin and found significantly prolonged survival. Clinical studies testing the use of metformin in patients with PDAC are currently underway (e.g., NCT01210911, NCT01167738, and NCT01488552). Mechanistically, we found that metformin induces a fatal energy crisis in CSCs by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reducing mitochondrial transmembrane potential. In contrast, non-CSCs were not eliminated by metformin treatment, but rather underwent reversible cell cycle arrest. Therefore, our study serves as a successful example for the potential of in vitro sphere formation as a screening tool to identify compounds that potentially target CSCs, but this technique will require further in vitro and in vivo validation to eliminate false discoveries.

Pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be expanded in vitro using the anchorage-independent sphere culture technique, which represents a powerful tool to study CSC biology and can serve as the first step to develop novel CSC-targeting therapies. Here the methodology for expanding, analyzing and targeting of pancreatic CSCs is provided.

Estudar o cancro do pâncreas Stem características celulares para desenvolver estratégias Novo tratamento

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor ...

Generation of Prostate Cancer Patient Derived Xenograft Models from Circulating Tumor Cells

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are gaining popularity in cancer research and are used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, biologic studies, and personalized medicine strategies. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) play a critical role in tumor metastasis and have been isolated from patients with several tumor types. Recently, CTCs have been used to generate PDX experimental models of breast and prostate cancer. This manuscript details the method for the generation of prostate cancer PDX models from CTCs developed by our group. Advantages of this method over conventional PDX models include independence from surgical sample collection and generating experimental models at various disease stages. Density gradient centrifugation followed by red blood cell lysis and flow cytometry depletion of CD45 positive mononuclear cells is used to enrich CTCs from peripheral blood samples collected from patients with metastatic disease. The CTCs are then injected into immunocompromised mice; subsequently generated xenografts can be used for functional studies or harvested for molecular characterization. The primary limitation of this method is the negative selection method used for CTC enrichment. Despite this limitation, the generation of PDX models from CTCs provides a novel experimental model to be applied to prostate cancer research.

This manuscript details a method used to generate prostate cancer patient derived xenografts (PDXs) from circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The generation of PDX models from CTCs provides an alternative experimental model to study prostate cancer; the most commonly diagnosed tumor and a frequent cause of death from cancer in men.

Geração de paciente com câncer de próstata Derivado modelos de xenotransplante de células tumorais circulantes

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are gaining popularity in cancer research and are used for preclinical drug evaluation, biomarker identification, ...

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1) is a common form of muscular dystrophy. Although several animal models have been established for DM1, myoblast cell models are still important because they offer an efficient cellular alternative for studying cellular and molecular events. Though C2C12 myoblast cells have been widely used to study myogenesis, resistance to gene transfection, or viral transduction, hinders research in C2C12 cells. Here, we describe an optimized protocol that includes daily maintenance, transfection and transduction procedures to introduce genes into C2C12 myoblasts and the induction of myocyte differentiation. Collectively, these procedures enable best transfection/transduction efficiencies, as well as consistent differentiation outcomes. The protocol described in establishing DM1 myoblast cell models would benefit the study of myotonic dystrophy, as well as other muscular diseases.

In this protocol, we present the procedures in establishing myotonic dystrophy 1 myoblast models, including optimized C2C12 cell maintenance, gene transfection/transduction, and myocyte differentiation.

Modelando Myotonic distrofia 1 em células C2C12 de mioblastos

Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1) is a common form of muscular dystrophy. Although several animal models have been established for DM1, myoblast cell models are ...

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

Even with the revolution of gene-targeting technologies led by CRISPR-Cas9, genetic modification of human pluripotent stem cells&#160;(hPSCs)&#160;is still time consuming. Comparative studies that use recombinant lines with transgenes integrated into safe harbor loci could benefit from approaches that use site-specific targeted recombinases, like Cre or FLPe, which are more rapid and less prone to off-target effects. Such methods have been described, although they do not significantly outperform gene targeting in most aspects. Using Zinc-finger nucleases, we previously created a master cell line in the AAVS1 locus of hPSCs&#160;that contains a GFP-Hygromycin-tk expressing cassette, flanked by heterotypic FRT sequences. Here, we describe the procedures to perform FLPe recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) using this line. The master cell line is transfected with a RMCE donor vector, which contains a promoterless Puromycin resistance, and with FLPe recombinase. Application of both a positive (Puromycin) and negative (FIAU) selection program leads to the selection of RMCE without random integrations. RMCE generates fully characterized pluripotent polyclonal transgenic lines in 15 d&#160;with 100% efficiency. Despite the recently described limitations of the AAVS1 locus, the ease of the system paves the way for hPSC transgenesis in isogenic settings, is necessary for comparative studies, and enables semi-high-throughput genetic screens for gain/loss of function analysis that would otherwise be highly time consuming.

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

Here we report a rapid and efficient gene editing method based on RMCE in the AAVS1 locus of human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) that improves upon previously described systems. Using this technique, isogenic lines can be rapidly and reliably generated for proper comparative studies, facilitating transgenesis-mediated research with hPSCs.

Geração rápida e eficiente de células-tronco pluripotentes Recombinante Humana pela recombinase mediada troca cassete no<em&gt; AAVS1</em&gt; Locus

Even with the revolution of gene-targeting technologies led by CRISPR-Cas9, genetic modification of human pluripotent stem cells&#160;(hPSCs)&#160;is ...

Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Recently-developed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-modulating drugs correct surface expression and/or function of the mutant CFTR channel in subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Identification of subjects that may benefit from these drugs is challenging because of the extensive heterogeneity of CFTR mutations, as well as other unknown factors that contribute to individual drug efficacy. Here, we describe a simple and relatively rapid assay for measuring individual CFTR function and response to CFTR modulators in vitro. Three dimensional (3D) epithelial organoids are grown from rectal biopsies in standard organoid medium. Once established, the organoids can be bio-banked for future analysis. For the assay, 30-80 organoids are seeded in 96-well plates in basement membrane matrix and are then exposed to drugs. One day later, the organoids are stained with calcein green, and forskolin-induced swelling is monitored by confocal live cell microscopy at 37 &#176;C. Forskolin-induced swelling is fully CFTR-dependent and is sufficiently sensitive and precise to allow for discrimination between the drug responses of individuals with different and even identical CFTR mutations. In vitro swell responses correlate with the clinical response to therapy. This assay provides a cost-effective approach for the identification of drug-responsive individuals, independent of their CFTR mutations. It may also be instrumental in the development of future CFTR modulators.

Forskolin-induced Swelling in Intestinal Organoids: An In Vitro Assay for Assessing Drug Response in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

This protocol describes an assay for measuring CFTR function and CFTR modulator responses in cultured tissue from subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF). Biopsy-derived intestinal organoids swell in a cAMP-driven fashion, a response that is defective (or strongly reduced) in CF organoids and can be restored by exposure to CFTR modulators.

Inchaço na Organóides intestinal induzida por forscolina: An<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Ensaio para a Avaliação de Medicamentos Response na Fibrose Cística Os pacientes

Recently-developed cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-modulating drugs correct surface expression and/or function of the mutant ...

Evaluation of Exon Inclusion Induced by Splice Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides in SMA Patient Fibroblasts

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a lethal neurological disease caused by the loss of SMN1, presents a unique case in the field of antisense oligonucleotide (AON)-mediated therapy. While SMN1 mutations are responsible for the disease, AONs targeting intronic splice silencer (ISS) sites in SMN2, including FDA-approved nusinersen, have been shown to restore SMN expression and ameliorate the symptoms. Currently, many studies involving AON therapy for SMA focus on investigating novel AON chemistries targeting SMN2 that may be more effective and less toxic than nusinersen. Here, we describe a protocol for in vitro evaluation of exon inclusion using lipotransfection of AONs followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blotting. This method can be employed for various types of AON chemistries. Using this method, we demonstrate that AONs composed of alternating locked nucleic acids (LNAs) and DNA nucleotides (LNA/DNA mixmers) lead to efficient SMN2 exon inclusion and restoration of SMN protein at a very low concentration, and therefore, LNA/DNA mixmer-based antisense oligonucleotides may be an attractive therapeutic strategy to treat splicing defects caused by genetic diseases. The in vitro evaluation method described here is fast, easy, and sensitive enough for the testing of various novel AONs.

Various antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) have been shown to induce exon inclusion (splice modulation) and rescue SMN expression for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Here, we describe a protocol for AON lipotransfection to induce exon inclusion in the SMN2 gene and the evaluation methods to determine the efficacy in SMA patient fibroblasts.

Avaliação da inclusão Exon induzida pela Splice Oligonucleotides Antisentidos comutação em fibroblastos de paciente de SMA

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a lethal neurological disease caused by the loss of SMN1, presents a unique case in the field of antisense oligonucleotide ...

Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells Using Valproic Acid

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) units provide an alternative source of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for patients who require allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. While UCB has several unique advantages, the limited numbers of HSCs within each UCB unit limits their use in regenerative medicine and HSC transplantation in adults. Efficient expansion of functional human HSCs can be achieved by ex vivo culturing of CD34+ cells isolated from UCBs and treated with a deacetylase inhibitor, valproic acid (VPA). The protocol detailed here describes the culture conditions and methodology to rapidly isolate CD34+ cells and expand to a high degree a pool of primitive HSCs. The expanded HSCs are capable of establishing both short-term and long-term engraftment and are able to give rise to all types of differentiated hematopoietic cells. This method also holds potential for clinical application in autologous HSC gene therapy and provides an attractive approach to overcome the loss of functional HSCs associated with gene editing.

Ex Vivo Expansion of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells Using Valproic Acid

Here, we describe the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells from CD34+ cells derived from umbilical cord blood treated with a combination of a cytokine cocktail and VPA. This method leads to a significant degree of ex vivo expansion of primitive HSCs for either clinical or laboratory applications.

Ex Vivo expansão de células-tronco hematopoiéticas do cordão humano hemoderivados CD34+ células usando o ácido valproico

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) units provide an alternative source of human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for patients who require allogeneic bone marrow ...

Single Myofiber Isolation and Culture from a Murine Model of Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy in Early Post-Natal Development

Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the A-type nuclear lamins, intermediate filament proteins that sustain the nuclear envelope and the components of the nucleoplasm. We recently reported that muscle wasting in EDMD can be ascribed to intrinsic epigenetic dysfunctions affecting muscle (satellite) stem cells regenerative capacity. Isolation and culture of single myofibers is one of the most physiological ex-vivo approaches to monitor satellite cells behavior within their niche, as they remain between the basal lamina surrounding the fiber and the sarcolemma. Therefore, it represents an invaluable experimental paradigm to study satellite cells from a variety of murine models. Here, we describe a re-adapted method to isolate intact and viable single myofibers from post-natal hindlimb muscles (Tibialis Anterior, Extensor Digitorum Longus, Gastrocnemius and Soleus). Following this protocol, we were able to study satellite cells from Lamin &#916;8-11 -/- mice, a severe EDMD murine model, at only 19 days after birth.
We detail the isolation procedure, as well as the culture conditions for obtaining a good amount of myofibers and their associated satellite-cells-derived progeny. When cultured in growth-factors rich medium, satellite cells derived from wild type mice activate, proliferate, and eventually differentiate or undergo self-renewal. In homozygous Lamin &#916;8-11 -/- mutant mice these capabilities are severely impaired.
This technique, if strictly followed, allows to study all processes linked to the myofiber-associated satellite cell even in early post-natal developmental stages and in fragile muscles.

Here, we propose a method to efficiently obtain single muscle fibers at early post-natal developmental stages from homozygous mutant Lamin &#916;8-11 mouse model, a very severe model for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD).

Isolamento e Cultura de Miofibra único de um modelo murino de distrofia muscular em emery-dreifuss no desenvolvimento pós-natal antecipado

Autosomal dominant Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is caused by mutations in the LMNA gene, which encodes the A-type nuclear lamins, intermediate ...