Name: use of a rat model to study ventral abdominal hernia repair
Uploaded: 2017-10-02T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 47 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of a Rat Model to Study Ventral Abdominal Hernia Repair at JoVE.com

Os autores desejam agradecer a Valerie Schroeder pela sua assistência com aspectos técnicos deste trabalho. Trabalhos relacionados com o desenvolvimento deste modelo foi apoiado por Cook Biotech, Inc. (West Lafayette, nos EUA).

a utilização de animais neste protocolo foi aprovada pela Universidade de Notre Dame institucional Cuidado Animal e usar o Comitê, seguido de regulamentares todos os requisitos e diretrizes e foi realizada em uma instalação que é credenciada pelo Associação para a avaliação e acreditação do laboratório Cuidado Animal (AAALAC), International.
 1. seleção de animais <ol><li>ratos Sprague Dawley isentos de organismos patogénicos adquirir de um fornecedor respeitável ou colônia de reprodução. 
	Nota: Muitas vezes, o veterinário facilidade ou o gestor pode direcionar o investigador para fontes apropriadas. Ratos de aproximadamente 250 g de massa corporal são adequados para este procedimento.</li>
	<li>Um dia antes da cirurgia, examinar os animais para ser usado para garantir que eles são clinicamente saudáveis. A este respeito, pesar o animal e avaliar a condição do corpo; Observe qualquer anormalidade na respiração, a presença de quaisquer feridas abertas ou massas e o nível de atividade geral do animal. Observe qualquer anormalidade no registro cirúrgica e considerar tais observações como critérios de exclusão potencial.</li>
</ol> 2. Anestesia e preparação do Animal para a cirurgia asséptica <ol><li>para analgesia, administrar 1.1-1.2 mg/kg de liberação sustentada de buprenorfina, por via subcutânea para o rato 2 h antes de cirurgia. aplicar a pomada oftálmica de ambos os olhos e administrar aquecido de 2 mL de solução salina fisiológica estéril por via subcutânea.</li>
	<li>Anestesiar o rato com uma dose intraperitoneal de cloridrato de cetamina (90 mg/kg) e xilazina (10mg/kg). Aplique uma pequena quantidade de lubrificante ocular de cada olho para evitar a dessecação da córnea. Uma vez que o animal &#8217; respiração s é constante e não existe qualquer resposta a uma pitada de dedo do pé firme, o rato atingiu um nível de anestesia suficiente para a cirurgia. Um nível aceitável de anestesia pode ser confirmado pela presença de fundo, respiração regular e a cor normal do olho (contra palidez, que pode sugerir inadequada perfusão cardiovascular).</li>
	<li>Raspar o abdômen ventral com um cortador comercial do púbis ao esterno e das margens laterais sobre o ventrum. Remover o cabelo cortado, aplicando uma toalha de papel úmida para a área de.</li>
	<li>Esfregue a área depilada com um Iodofor anti-séptico seguida de uma limpeza com etanol a 70%. Aplicar cirúrgicos para que uma janela para a incisão pode ser isolada de potencial contaminação.</li>
	<li>Don um avental cirúrgico estéril, uma máscara facial e uma touca de cabelo. Cuidadosamente Lave e esfregue as mãos com sabão e don luvas cirúrgicas estéreis.</li>
</ol> 3. Criação e reparo da Hérnia Ventral Abdominal <ol><li>antes da cirurgia, esterilizar instrumentos cirúrgicos por autoclave.</li>
	<li>Com um bisturi, faça uma incisão aproximadamente 3-4 cm vertical ao longo da linha mediana ventral até ao nível da musculatura abdominal. Levante a parede abdominal delicadamente com uma pinça e criar uma pequena abertura através da linea alba. Para proteger as vísceras subjacentes, inserir uma pinça através do orifício e na cavidade abdominal para servir como um guia de proteção conforme a parede muscular é incisada para criar um aproximadamente 2 cm x 2 cm espessura completo defeito, corte aproximadamente lateral de 1 cm de cada lado da linha média em ambas as extremidades do linea a incisão alba.</li>
	<li>Colocar uma seção de corte 2 x 2 cm de material ponte mecânica, 4 camadas SIS neste caso (Figura 1), sobre o defeito. 
	Nota: Como alternativa, uma subjacência abordagem pode ser usada em que seção do material é colocada na cavidade abdominal para cobrir o defeito do aspecto interior.</li>
	<li>Sutura dos quatro cantos da ponte materiais para os músculos da parede abdominal usando seda ou nylon 4-0 em um padrão de sutura interrompido simples. 
	Nota: O uso de sutura não absorvível permite fácil identificação do material implantado após colheita contra material de sutura absorvível.</li>
	<li>Fixe cada borda do material com três suturas adicionais espaçadas igualmente. Examinar a borda inteira circunferencial para garantir que não existem lacunas significativas que pode permitir a passagem das vísceras através da parede abdominal; e, se existem tais lacunas, colocar suturas adicionais para garantir ainda mais a margem de.</li>
	<li>Fechar o tecido subcutâneo com sutura de 4-0 em um padrão simples interrompido. Fechar a pele com grampos cirúrgicos, apesar de sutura aplicada em um padrão simples interrompido também pode ser utilizada.</li>
	<li>Não abandone o animal até que ele recuperou a consciência suficiente para recuperar a prostração esternal; e não retornam um animal que foi submetido a cirurgia para a companhia de outros animais até que recuperou totalmente da anestesia. Durante este tempo, manter o animal em uma área morna para evitar hipotermia.</li>
	<li>Examine animais diariamente que foram submetidos a este procedimento para garantir a completa recuperação e cicatrização normal. Remover grampos de pele com um removedor de grampos de 7-10 dias após a cirurgia.</li>
</ol> 4. Colheita do Material implantado <ol><li>consistente com as necessidades do estudo, eutanásia, com overdose de dióxido de carbono, administrada em uma câmara encher taxa de 10 a 30%, os animais em um tempo pré-determinado, muitas vezes 21 - 28 dias após a cirurgia.</li>
	<li>Usando ferramentas de necropsia padrão, abrir a pele e a parede abdominal e expor a área do implante. 
	Nota: Se as suturas não absorvíveis foram utilizadas para fixar o implante, o material pode ser identificado pelas suturas originais (Figura 2).</li>
	<li>Observar quaisquer observações patológicas brutas, incluindo quaisquer reacções adversas (por exemplo, deiscência da ferida, abscesso, seroma, hematoma) e extensão de aderência e tenacidade para as vísceras subjacentes.</li>
	<li>Remover do local do implante por um corte de uma ampla secção de tecido que inclui o implante. Colocar a amostra em um fixador, tais como formalina 10% tamponada neutro, em preparação para o processamento para exame histológico e caracterização.</li>
</ol>

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C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tensile+strength+comparison+of+small+intestinal+submucosa+body+wall+repair.">Tensile strength comparison of small intestinal submucosa body wall repair.</a> J. Surg. Res. 135 (1), 9-17 (2006).</li><li>Garcia-Moreno, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparing+the+host+tissue+response+and+peritoneal+behavior+of+composite+meshes+used+for+ventral+hernia+repair.">Comparing the host tissue response and peritoneal behavior of composite meshes used for ventral hernia repair.</a> J. Surg. Res. 193 (1), 470-482 (2015).</li><li>Soiderer, E. E., Lantz, G. C., Kazacos, E. A., Hodde, J. P., Wiegand, R. 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Y., Wang, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biomechanical+behavior+and+host+response+to+porcine-derived+small+intestine+submucosa,+pericardium+and+dermal+matrix+acellular+grafts+in+a+rat+abdominal+defect+model.">The biomechanical behavior and host response to porcine-derived small intestine submucosa, pericardium and dermal matrix acellular grafts in a rat abdominal defect model.</a> Biomaterials. 32 (29), 7086-7095 (2011).</li><li>Ma, J., Sahoo, S., Baker, A. R., Derwin, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigating+muscle+regeneration+with+a+dermis/small+intestinal+submucosa+scaffold+in+a+rat+full-thickness+abdominal+wall+defect+model.">Investigating muscle regeneration with a dermis/small intestinal submucosa scaffold in a rat full-thickness abdominal wall defect model.</a> J.Biomed.Mater.Res.Part B. 103 (2), 355-364 (2015).</li><li>Greca, F. H., Souza-Filho, Z. A., Giovanni, A., Rubin, M. R., Kuenzer, R. F., Reese, F. B., Araujo, L. 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Um dos autores (CJ) é empregado pelo Cook Biotech, Inc., o fabricante de grau médico SIS.

Materiais para o reparo da hérnia abdominal ventral são de grande interesse, particularmente aqueles que fornecem uma ponte mecânica inicial e então são capazes de incorporar no tecido do hospedeiro. A este respeito, uma variedade de materiais têm sido investigados, incluindo SIS, porcino matriz dérmica acelular e Pericárdio Porcino. 6 , 7 estes materiais representam as matrizes extracelulares daqueles tecidos e atuam como andaimes no qual as células pod...

Hérnia de parede abdominal é um problema clínico comumente encontrado que pode ocorrer como resultado de defeito congênito, lesão traumática ou falhado fechamento das feridas cirúrgicas, envolvendo a parede abdominal. Reparação geralmente envolve o uso de um implante para reforçar a parede abdominal, com uma taxa reduzida de reincidência, observada em pacientes tratados com um implante em comparação com aqueles em quem a parede abdominal é simplesmente fechada com sutura. 1
Reparo cirúrgico de hérnia muitas vezes requer ponte mecânica do defeito com um material implantado. A este respeito, materiais sintéticos e naturais têm sido utilizados para o reparo da hérnia. Muitos materiais sintéticos são tipicamente não-absorvíveis e incluem poliéster de tereftalato de polietileno, polipropileno e politetrafluoretileno expandido, enquanto outros implantes sintéticos combinam um dos materiais não absorvíveis com um absorvente polímero, tais como polygalactine. 1 em contraste, implantes de materiais naturais são geralmente derivados fontes cadavéricos humanas ou animais. Os materiais naturais utilizados para reparo de hérnia são geralmente ricos em colágeno e atuam como um andaime para crescimento interno e a integração do tecido do hospedeiro.
O desejo de desenvolver e otimizar novos materiais para reparação de hérnia abdominal ventral requer um modelo animal adequado para avaliação de materiais do candidato. Estudos têm sido realizados em uma variedade de espécies, incluindo ovelhas,2 porcos, coelhos de3 ,4 ratos,5,6,7,8 e cães. 9 a vantagem de usar ratos para tais estudos é que eles oferecem um modelo facilmente manipulado disponível em uma variedade de linhagens puras para permitir o controle da variabilidade genética. Além disso, a menor total área de superfície corporal do rato em comparação com as outras espécies listadas acima possibilitar a avaliação de materiais que podem ser experimentais na natureza e, portanto, não abundante.  Além disso, reduzidos os custos associados com ratos contra outras espécies permitem capacidade relativamente maior de materiais do candidato tela para uso em reparação de hérnia abdominal ventral.  Considerações para materiais normalmente incluem a facilidade de manuseio pelo cirurgião, força, capacidade de incorporar no tecido do hospedeiro, biocompatibilidade e resistência à infecção.
Como exemplo, submucosa intestinal pequeno suíno (SIS) é um biomaterial natural que tem sido usado para uma grande variedade de indicações de reparação de tecidos, incluindo reparação de hérnias inguinais, abdominais e diafragmática ventrais. 10 , 11 , 12 SIS rapidamente incorporada ao tecido do hospedeiro e foi encontrada para ser geralmente resistentes à infecção, e então o material tem particular utilidade em campos contaminados. 13 , 14 no modelo de rato, SIS demonstrou facilidade de manipulação, boa resistência à tração, conforme determinado pelo teste de falha de tração uniaxial e promoção de crescimento interno de tecido em termos de deposição de colágeno e neovascularização. 6 , 7
Ponte cirúrgica exata do defeito é uma característica essencial de modelagem produtiva quando avaliando materiais de reparação de candidato. O animal deve ser suficientemente anestesiada e asséptica técnica estritamente seguida. Além disso, um defeito da parede abdominal do tamanho padrão deve ser cuidadosamente criado e em seguida em ponte de forma suficientemente protege o material para as margens do defeito. 8 este protocolo fornece um método padrão a ser seguido para criação cirúrgica e reparação de uma hérnia abdominal ventral usando SIS como exemplo ponte material em um rato.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Isoflurane (Isoflo)</td><td>Henry Schine Animal Health</td><td>17579</td><td>gas anesthetic</td></tr><tr><td>Optixcare Eye Lubricant</td><td>Henry Schine Animal Health</td><td>OPX4240</td><td>Ocular lubricant</td></tr><tr><td>Oster clippers</td><td>Henry Schine Animal Health</td><td>6092</td><td>hair clippers</td></tr><tr><td>Betadine surgical scrub</td><td>Henry Schine Animal Health</td><td>1618</td><td>antiseptic iodophor</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile scalpel</td><td>Henry Schine Animal Health</td><td>329</td><td>#10 scalpel</td></tr><tr><td>9&quot; x 12&quot; disposable surgical drape</td><td>Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td><td>SP-RPS</td><td>Surgical drape</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 nylon suture</td><td>Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td><td>SUT 812</td><td>Suture material</td></tr><tr><td>4-0 Absorbable Suture</td><td>Henry Schine Animal Health</td><td>29242</td><td>Synthetic absorbable suture</td></tr><tr><td>9 mm Autoclips and applier</td><td>Braintree Scientific, Inc.</td><td>ACS KIT</td><td>Surgical staples for closure of skin incision</td></tr><tr><td>Torbugesic/analgesic</td><td>Henry Schein Animal Health</td><td>12084</td><td>Butorphanol tartarate for post-operative analgesia</td></tr><tr><td>Small intestinal submucosa (SIS)</td><td>Cook Biotech, Inc.</td><td></td><td>Implant material for bridging experimental abdominal wall defect</td></tr><tr><td>Rats</td><td>Harlan, Inc.</td><td>Sprague Dawley</td><td>Animal for hernia modeling</td></tr></tbody></table>

use of a rat model to study ventral abdominal hernia repair

Hérnia abdominal ventral é uma condição clínica relativamente comum que às vezes requer herniorraphy (reparo cirúrgico). O reparo da hérnia abdominal ventral normalmente requer a implantação de um material para servir como uma ponte mecânica através do defeito na parede abdominal. Biomateriais, tais como a submucosa intestinal pequeno suíno (SIS), também servem como uma estrutura para o crescimento da célula para o implante e naturalmente podem incorporar o tecido do hospedeiro. Desenvolvimento de tais materiais de reparação beneficia da utilização de modelos animais em que os defeitos da parede abdominal experimental são facilmente criados em são favoráveis para reparar de forma reproduzível. O método oferecido aqui descreve criação cirúrgica e reparo da hérnia abdominal ventral em um modelo do rato. Quando o SIS é usada para reparar uma hérnia abdominal ventral experimental neste modelo, que é rapidamente incorporada tecido do hospedeiro dentro de 28 dias de implantação. Histologicamente, a incorporação do seu material implantado no tecido do hospedeiro caracteriza-se por uma resposta fibrovasculares robusta. Futuros aperfeiçoamentos e aplicações do modelo de hérnia abdominal rato provavelmente podem envolver animais diabéticos e/ou obesos como um meio para mais pròxima imitar comuns co-morbidades do homem.

Por 28 dias após o implante, SIS normalmente demonstra boa incorporação no tecido do hospedeiro (Figura 2). Na maioria dos casos, há SIS residual aparente, embora o tecido deve ser explorado, muitas vezes, para identificar o material implantado. Análise histológica confirmou as observações de patológicas brutas, ilustrando a incorporação de bom tecido com principalmente tecidos fibrovasculares e muito pouca mana residual observado (Figura 3). E...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of a Rat Model to Study Ventral Abdominal Hernia Repair at JoVE.com

Use of a Rat Model to Study Ventral Abdominal Hernia Repair

Este manuscrito descreve métodos associados com a criação e a reparação de um defeito da parede abdominal ventral (hérnia). Este modelo pode ser usado para estudar estratégias de reparação, tais como aqueles que usam materiais implantados. Neste manuscrito, reparo da hérnia experimental com suínos submucosa intestinal pequena é apresentado como um exemplo.

Utilização de um modelo do rato para estudar hérnia Abdominal Ventral

Ventral abdominal hernia is a relatively common clinical condition that sometimes requires herniorraphy (surgical repair). The repair of ventral abdominal ...

use-of-a-rat-model-to-study-ventral-abdominal-hernia-repair

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

9.2K visualizações.  University of Minnesota. Este manuscrito descreve métodos associados com a criação e a reparação de um defeito da parede abdominal ventral (hérnia). Este modelo pode ser usado para estudar estratégias de reparação, tais como aqueles que usam materiais implantados. Neste manuscrito, reparo da hérnia experimental com suínos submucosa intestinal pequena é apresentado como um exemplo.

Vídeo: Use of a Rat Model to Study Ventral Abdominal Hernia Repair

Mouse Model of Surgically-induced Endometriosis by Auto-transplantation of Uterine Tissue

Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease whose etiology remains unknown. Furthermore, treatment of endometriosis can require laparoscopic removal of lesions, and/or chronic pharmaceutical management of pain and infertility symptoms. The cost associated with endometriosis has been estimated at 22 billion dollars per year in the United States1. To further our understanding of mechanisms underlying this enigmatic disease, animal models have been employed. Primates spontaneously develop endometriosis and therefore primate models most closely resemble the disease in women. Rodent models, however, are more cost effective and readily available2. The model that we describe here involves an autologous transfer of uterine tissue to the intestinal mesentery (Figure 1) and was first developed in the rat3 and later transferred to the mouse4. The goal of the autologous rodent model of surgically-induced endometriosis is to mimic the disease in women. We and others have previously shown that the altered gene expression pattern observed in endometriotic lesions from mice or rats mirrors that observed in women with the disease5,6. One advantage of performing the surgery in the mouse is that the abundance of transgenic mouse strains available can aid researchers in determining the role of specific components important in the establishment and growth of endometriosis. An alternative model in which excised human endometrial fragments are introduced to the peritoneum of immunocompromised mice is also widely used but is limited by the lack of a normal immune system which is thought to be important in endometriosis2,7. Importantly, the mouse model of surgically induced endometriosis is a versatile model that has been used to study how the immune system8, hormones9,10 and environmental factors11,12 affect endometriosis as well as the effects of endometriosis on fertility13 and pain14.

A description of the surgical induction of endometriosis in mice and rats by auto-transplantation of uterine tissue to the arterial cascade of the intestinal mesentery.

Modelo do rato de endometriose cirurgicamente induzida pela Auto-transplante de tecido uterino

Endometriosis is a chronic, painful disease whose etiology remains unknown. Furthermore, treatment of endometriosis can require laparoscopic removal of ...

Medicina

The Helsinki Rat Microsurgical Sidewall Aneurysm Model

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced into clinical practice. Furthermore, experimental models are needed to elucidate the complex aneurysm biology leading to rupture of saccular aneurysms.
Several different kinds of experimental models for saccular aneurysms have been established in different species. Many of them, however, require special skills, expensive equipment, or special environments, which limits their widespread use. A simple, robust, and inexpensive experimental model is needed as a standardized tool that can be used in a standardized manner in various institutions.
The microsurgical rat abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm model combines the possibility to study both novel endovascular treatment strategies and the molecular basis of aneurysm biology in a standardized and inexpensive manner. Standardized grafts by means of shape, size, and geometry are harvested from a donor rat&#39;s descending thoracic aorta and then transplanted to a syngenic recipient rat. The aneurysms are sutured end-to-side with continuous or interrupted 9-0 nylon sutures to the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
We present step-by-step procedural instructions, information on necessary equipment, and discuss important anatomical and surgical details for successful microsurgical creation of an abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm in the rat.

Microsurgical sidewall aneurysms in rats are created by end-to-side anastomosis of an aortic graft to the abdominal aorta. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss anatomical and surgical details for successful experimental saccular aneurysm creation.

O Helsinki Rat microcirúrgica Sidewall Aneurysm Modelo

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced ...

Creation of a Rodent Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Blocking Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Perfusion

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This article introduces and describes a standard protocol used to induce AAAs through adventitial VV hypoperfusion created with a combination of polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
The protocol involves the use of male rats weighing 300-400 g, which are provided food and water ad libitum. After laparotomy with a ventral midline abdominal incision, exfoliation of the aorta is performed, which blocks blood flow from the perivascular tissue. Aortotomy involving a small incision adjacent to the renal artery branches is performed, and a polyurethane catheter is inserted using an 18-gauge indwelling needle. After repairing the incision, tight ligation of the aorta over the catheter blocks VV blood flow from the proximal direction through the aortic wall without disturbing the aortic blood flow. This technique can induce an AAA with progressive aortic dilatation.
The greatest benefit of this model is that VV hypoperfusion causes tissue hypoxia and the development of an infrarenal AAA, which has morphological and pathological characteristics similar to those of a human AAA.

Polyurethane catheter insertion into the aortic lumen and suture ligation of the aorta induce chronic hypoxia due to hypoperfusion of the adventitial vasa vasorum. This article describes a novel animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with characteristics similar to those of AAA in humans.

Criação de um modelo de roedor de aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal, bloqueando adventícia Vasa Vasorum perfusão

The adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) provides oxygen and nourishment to the aortic wall. Hypoxia in the aortic wall can cause enlarged abdominal aortic ...

Rat Mesentery Exteriorization: A Model for Investigating the Cellular Dynamics Involved in Angiogenesis

Microvacular network growth and remodeling are critical aspects of wound healing, inflammation, diabetic retinopathy, tumor growth and other disease conditions1, 2. Network growth is commonly attributed to angiogenesis, defined as the growth of new vessels from pre-existing vessels. The angiogenic process is also directly linked to arteriogenesis, defined as the capillary acquisition of a perivascular cell coating and vessel enlargement. Needless to say, angiogenesis is complex and involves multiple players at the cellular and molecular level3. Understanding how a microvascular network grows requires identifying the spatial and temporal dynamics along the hierarchy of a network over the time course of angiogenesis. This information is critical for the development of therapies aimed at manipulating vessel growth.
The exteriorization model described in this article represents a simple, reproducible model for stimulating angiogenesis in the rat mesentery. It was adapted from wound-healing models in the rat mesentery4-7, and is an alternative to stimulate angiogenesis in the mesentery via i.p. injections of pro-angiogenic agents8, 9. The exteriorization model is attractive because it requires minimal surgical intervention and produces dramatic, reproducible increases in capillary sprouts, vascular area and vascular density over a relatively short time course in a tissue that allows for the two-dimensional visualization of entire microvascular networks down to single cell level. The stimulated growth reflects natural angiogenic responses in a physiological environment without interference of foreign angiogenic molecules. Using immunohistochemical labeling methods, this model has been proven extremely useful in identifying novel cellular events involved in angiogenesis. Investigators can readily correlate the angiogenic metrics during the time course of remodeling with time specific dynamics, such as cellular phenotypic changes or cellular interactions4, 5, 7, 10, 11.

This article describes a simple model for stimulating angiogenesis in the rat mesentery. The model produces dramatic increases in capillary sprouting, vascular area and vascular density over a relatively short time course in a tissue that allows en face visualization of entire microvascular networks down to the single cell level.

Exteriorização Rat Mesentério: Um modelo para investigar a dinâmica celulares envolvidos na angiogênese

Microvacular network growth and remodeling are critical aspects of wound healing, inflammation, diabetic retinopathy, tumor growth and other disease ...

Biologia

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Um modelo do rato de ortotópico transplante hepático, usando uma técnica de anastomose magnético romance para reconstrução de veia Cava Suprahepatic

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of colonic surgeries and can occur in up to 26% of surgical anastomoses, with mortality being up to 39% for patients with such a leak. Currently, there remains a paucity of data detailing the cellular mechanisms of anastomotic healing. Devising preventative strategies and treatment modalities for anastomotic leak could be greatly potentiated by a better understanding of appropriate anastomotic healing.
A murine model is ideal as previous studies have shown that the murine anastomosis is the most clinically similar to the human case as compared with other animal models. We offer an easily reproducible murine model of colonic anastomosis in mice that will allow for further illustration of anastomotic healing.

Anastomotic leak or breakdown after surgery is a major cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Our surgery for creating a colonic anastomosis is a reliable and reproducible method for studying the healing mechanisms of anastomoses.

Criação de uma anastomose colônica em ratos

Intestinal anastomoses are commonly performed in both elective and emergent operations. Even so, anastomotic leaks are a highly feared complications of ...

A Pre-clinical Rat Model for the Study of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Reconstructive Microsurgery

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many areas of biomedical research due to its cost-effectiveness and its translation to humans. This protocol describes a method to create a preclinical free skin flap model in rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury. The described 3 cm x 6 cm rat free skin flap model is easily obtained after the placement of several vascular ligatures and the section of the vascular pedicle. Then, 8 h after the ischemic insult and completion of the microsurgical anastomosis, the free skin flap develops the tissue damage. These ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damages can be studied in this model, making it a suitable model for evaluating therapeutic agents to address this pathophysiological process. Furthermore, two main monitoring techniques are described in the protocol for the assessment of this animal model: transit-time ultrasound technology and laser speckle contrast analysis.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical animal model for studying the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion injury in reconstructive microsurgery. This free skin flap model based on the superficial caudal epigastric vessels in the rat may also allow for the evaluation of different therapies and compounds to counteract ischemia-reperfusion injury-related damage.

Um modelo pré-clínico do rato para o estudo da lesão da Isquemia-reperfusion na microcirurgia reconstrutiva

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the main cause of flap failure in reconstructive microsurgery. The rat is the preferred preclinical animal model in many ...

Development of a Uterosacral Ligament Suspension Rat Model

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) with the potential to significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Approximately 10%-20% of women undergo pelvic floor repair surgery to treat prolapse in the United States. PFD cases result in an overall $26.3 billion annual cost in the United States alone. This multifactorial condition has a negative impact on the quality of life and yet the treatment options have only dwindled in the recent past. One common surgical option is uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS), which is typically performed by affixing the vaginal vault to the uterosacral ligament in the pelvis. This repair has a lower incidence of complications compared to those with mesh augmentation, but is notable for a relatively high failure rate of up to 40%. Considering the lack of standard animal models to study pelvic floor dysfunction, there is an urgent clinical need for innovation in this field with a focus on developing cost-effective and accessible animal models. In this manuscript, we describe a rat model of USLS involving a complete hysterectomy followed by fixation of the remaining vaginal vault to the uterosacral ligament. The goal of this model is to mimic the procedure performed on women to be able to use the model to then investigate reparative strategies that improve the mechanical integrity of the ligament attachment. Importantly, we also describe the development of an in situ tensile testing procedure to characterize interface integrity at chosen time points following surgical intervention. Overall, this model will be a useful tool for future studies that investigate treatment options for POP repair via USLS.

Pelvic organ prolapse affects millions of women worldwide and yet some common surgical interventions have failure rates as high as 40%. The lack of standard animal models to investigate this condition impedes progress. We propose the following protocol as a model for uterosacral ligament suspension and in vivo tensile testing.

Desenvolvimento de um modelo de rato de suspensão do ligamento uterossacro

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common pelvic floor disorder (PFD) with the potential to significantly impact a woman's quality of life. Approximately ...

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Urethral reconstruction is an important area of expertise for urologists. The buccal mucosa is considered the best option when urethral grafting is necessary, although in some cases, it is inappropriate or needs to be optimized to repair a given stricture. Therefore, developing innovative procedures and evaluating their putative success in experimental models is crucial to fit the clinical need. With this goal, this study describes a protocol in which urethral stricture was induced by electrocautery in Wistar rats. Urethral reconstruction was performed 1 week later with a buccal mucosa graft, harvested from the lower lip, and placed in a ventral onlay fashion. A retrograde urethrogram showed a significant improvement in urethral diameter after urethroplasty compared to the respective value after stricture induction. Additionally, the graft placement was assessed by blood perfusion analysis using laser Doppler. As expected, a dark blue area corresponded to the non-vascularized buccal mucosa graft. This procedure can successfully simulate the normal pathophysiological process of urethral injury and tissue modulation, as well as urethral reconstruction using a buccal mucosa graft in a reproducible manner, and serve as the basis for future research based on tissue engineering or urethral grafts.

In the present protocol, a urethral stricture induction was developed in Wistar rats, followed by urethral reconstruction with a buccal mucosa graft. A retrograde urethrogram and laser Doppler assessment were performed, validating urethral reconstruction (after stricture formation) and graft placement.

Indução de estenose uretral seguida de uretroplastia de enxerto de mucosa bucal em modelo de rato

Urethral reconstruction is an important area of expertise for urologists. The buccal mucosa is considered the best option when urethral grafting is ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Modelo experimental de bolsite em ratos para estudar a patogênese e o tratamento da colite ulcerativa

A Rat Model of Pouchitis Following Proctocolectomy and Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis Using Dextran Sulfate Sodium

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated disease that affects the entire colon and rectum with a relapsing and remitting course, causing lifelong morbidity. When medical treatment is ineffective, especially in cases of massive gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, toxic megacolon, or carcinogenesis, surgery becomes the last line of defense to cure UC. Total colorectal resection and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) offer the best chance for long-term treatment. Pouchitis is the most common and troublesome postoperative complication. In this investigation, microsurgery is employed to create an ileal pouch model in experimental rats via IPAA surgery. Subsequently, a sustained rat model of pouchitis is established by inducing inflammation of the ileal pouch with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The successful establishment of rat pouchitis is validated through analysis of postoperative general status, weight, food and water intake, fecal data, as well as pouch tissue pathology, immunohistochemistry, and inflammatory factor analysis. This experimental animal model of pouchitis provides a foundation for studying the pathogenesis and treatment of the condition.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Autor em destaque: Desenvolvendo um modelo de rato para pesquisa e tratamento de bolsite

This protocol describes the method for establishing a rat model of pouchitis. The ileal pouch model was created by performing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery using microsurgical techniques. After the surgery, the rat was treated with 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 4 days.

Um modelo de bolsite em ratos após proctocolectomia e anastomose ileal bolsa-anal usando sulfato de dextrano sódico

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic immune-mediated disease that affects the entire colon and rectum with a relapsing and remitting course, causing ...