AEC é um companheiro da Coffin Memorial Fund Jane Childs de Pesquisa Médica e Pesquisa Merck Laboratórios. Agradecemos a D. Egli e C. Cowan para o conselho experimental e discussão.

<html> Embriões humanos congelados usado para embrionárias humanas derivação de células-tronco (embrionárias humanas) foram doados para pesquisa após o consentimento informado adequado ao abrigo de protocolos de pesquisa que foram analisadas e aprovadas tanto pelo Comitê sobre o uso de seres humanos e as células-tronco embrionárias comitê de supervisão de pesquisa na Universidade de Harvard . Protocolo escrito abaixo é com base em parâmetros publicados relatado por Cowan et al. 2004, com ligeiras modificações. Cultura de embriões Descongelar embriões humanos usando Kit Quinn Thaw Advantage e cultura em gotas de médio global suplementado com 15% até Plasmanate de desenvolvimento para o estágio de blastocisto expandido. Immunosurgery baseado isolamento da massa celular interna Preparação: <ol><li> Prepare pratos para a remoção da zona pelúcida e immunosurgery (veja abaixo) através da criação de gotas de cada solução em placas de 10cm. Sobreposição com óleo mineral para evitar a evaporação. Prepare uma única linha por embrião destinado a derivação. <ul><li> Tyrodes EmbryoMax ácidas, use como é. </li><li> CTeh media derivação: 75% KO-DMEM, 10% KO-Serum substituição, Plasmanate 10%, 2,5% de células-ES testados soro fetal bovino (FBS), 2mM Glutamax-I, 1% não-aminoácidos essenciais, 50 unidades / ml de penicilina, estreptomicina 50μg/ml, 0.055mM b-mercaptoetanol, 5ng/ml bFGF. </li><li> Coelho anti-humano de anticorpos de glóbulos vermelhos primários, reconstituídos de acordo com sugestão do fabricante, diluído em 1:10, com media de derivação CTeh. </li><li> Cobaia soro complemento, reconstituídos de acordo com sugestão do fabricante, diluído em 1:10 com a mídia derivação CTeh. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/574_2008_9_18_6/574_Figure-01.png" alt="01-574_Figure" width="600" height="166" /> </li></ul></li><li> Equilibrar todas as placas a 37 ° C em cultura de tecidos incubadora antes de usar. </li><li> Pull-50μl 100μl pipetas capilares (VWR) para uso em embriões de transferência. Corte termina com diamantes e usar caneta com tubulação pipeta boca equipado com um filtro de 0,2 Hm. </li></ol> Procedimento Immunosurgery: Notas: <ul><li> Neste procedimento, as células do trofectoderma são destruídos por uma breve exposição a anticorpos direcionados contra as células humanas em conjunto com a atividade do complemento. Portanto, o protocolo funciona melhor com alta qualidade de embriões com um trofectoderma intacta, como apenas a integridade estrutural do blastocisto impede que o ICM de também estar suscetível à reação imunológica. </li><li> Todos os procedimentos realizados usando um escopo dissecção equipado com palco aquecida. </li></ul> Passos: <ol><li> Enxágüe a boca pipeta a ser usada para transferência de embriões com FBS para evitar embriões de degola. </li><li> Transferência de blastocisto, do prato de cultura para TEh queda realização de AT prato. </li><li> Comece procedimento, transferindo-tronco embrionárias humanas a partir de blastocisto queda através de uma série de AT cai. Na terceira queda, para assistir dissolução da zona pelúcida (segundos normalmente 30/05). Tenha cuidado para não tratá-over integridade ou embrião pode ser comprometida. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/574_2008_7_21_2/574_Figure-02.png" alt="574_Figure-02" width="551" height="273" /> </li><li> Blastocisto transferência através de uma série de meios de derivação de células-tronco embrionárias humanas cai para enxaguar AT. Pipeta pré-carga com a mídia é recomendado para neutralizar imediatamente AT reação. Blastocistos podem ser realizadas aqui até que todos tenham sido AT-processado. </li><li> Transferência de blastocisto através de uma série de gotas anticorpo primário, deixando em queda de terceiro para 30 minutos de incubação a 37 ° C em uma incubadora de cultura de tecidos. </li><li> Blastocisto transferência através de uma série de meios de derivação de células-tronco embrionárias humanas cai para enxaguar primária. </li><li> Transferência de blastocisto através de uma série de gotas complementar, deixando na terceira queda para assistir pela lise das células trofectoderma. Observe blastocisto para os primeiros 30 segundos no palco para &quot;bolhas&quot; de células trofectoderma como eles lise. Se lise é observada dentro deste prazo, mantenha prato no palco microscópio para monitorar a reação até a conclusão. Se não borbulhar é observada durante os primeiros 30 segundos, volte à incubadora, verificando a cada 5 minutos até que a maioria dos trofectoderma tem lisadas. Isso pode demorar 5-15 minutos. Monitorar de perto a reação para minimizar o tempo de reação e danos potenciais para a massa celular interna. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/574_2008_7_21_3/574_Figure-03.png" alt="574_Figure-03" width="571" height="273" /> </li><li> Blastocisto transferência através de uma série de meios de derivação de células-tronco embrionárias humanas cai para lavar atividade complementar. </li><li> Usando pipeta de vidro com um diâmetro que é ligeiramente menor do que o blastocisto (a partir de puxou 10μl VWR tubos capilares), desenhe o blastocisto cima e para baixo para tirar fora a maior parte do trofectoderma lisadas. g &quot;alt =&quot; 574_Figure-0 &quot;width =&quot; 577 &quot;height =&quot; 270 &quot;/&gt; </li><li> Placa ICM para isolar células alimentadoras de fibroblastos de rato mitoticamente inativado embrião (MEFs). MEFs deve ser preparada no dia anterior derivação e mudou para CTeh dia derivação de mídia. 4 pratos bem NUNC funcionam bem para as etapas iniciais de derivação. </li><li> Não perturbe placa para o primeiro período de 1-2 dias. A partir daí, verificar diariamente por conseqüência de colônias de células-tronco embrionárias (geralmente aparente dentro de 1-2 semanas). Mídia deve ser mudado em volumes metade a cada início outro dia no dia 3. </li></ol> ES conseqüência celular e passaging Quando a conseqüência CTeh atingiu cerca de 0,5 milímetros ou mais, ele está pronto para a expansão de colheita mecânica. <ol><li> Mecanicamente dispersar a metade do crescimento e transferência para novas placas contendo alimentadores fresco. Aglomerados de células-tronco embrionárias deve ser de aproximadamente 30-50 células cada. Deixe outra metade conseqüência como um back-up para a primeira passagem (p1). A conseqüência (p0) podem ser separados em várias vezes à medida que continua a se expandir. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/old/574_2008_7_21_5/574_Figure-05.png" alt="574_Figure" width="639" height="219" /> </li><li> Colônias secundárias podem ser igualmente dispersos e expandido através de pratos de maior cultura até passagens 3-5, altura em que as novas linhagens de células pode ser adaptado para passaging enzimática com tripsina. O conteúdo do soro do meio de cultura também deve ser gradualmente reduzida para 1% e 0% durante essas passagens iniciais para minimizar a diferenciação de células ES. </li><li> Todas as linhagens estáveis ​​de células-tronco embrionárias devem ser bancados pelo congelamento até uma porção de passagens cedo para futuras expansões. </li><li> Além disso, cada linha celular deve ser caracterizada pela análise de cariótipo e validado por estudos pluripotência e diferenciação in vitro e in vivo. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Cowan, C. A., Klimanskaya, I., McMahon, J., Atienza, J., Whitmyer, J., Zucker, J. P., Wang, S. P., Morton, C. C., McMahon, A. P., Powers, D., Melton, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+of+embryonic+stem-cell+lines+from+human+blastocysts.">Derivation of embryonic stem-cell lines from human blastocysts.</a> N ENGL J MED. 350 (13), 1353-1356 (2004).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

O protocolo apresentado aqui fornece aos pesquisadores uma concisa, fácil de seguir esboço de como derivar linhagens de células-tronco embrionárias pelo isolamento immunosurgical da massa celular interna.

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Quinn's Advantage Thaw Kit </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sage</td>
<td>ART-8016</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Global medium</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Life Global</td>
<td>GMGB-050</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Plasmanate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Talecris</td>
<td>61325</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>EmbryoMax Acidic Tyrodes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Chemicon/Millipore</td>
<td>MR-004-D</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KO-DMEM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>10829-018</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>KO-Serum Replacement</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>10828-028</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ES cell-tested fetal bovine serum, Defined</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hyclone</td>
<td>SH30070.03</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glutamax-I</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>35050-079</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Non-essential amino acids</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>11140-076</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>15070-063</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>13256-029</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Beta-mercaptoethanol </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>21985-023</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Rabbit anti-human red blood cell primary antibody</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Rockland</td>
<td>109-4139</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Guinea-pig complement serum</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>S-1639</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Capillary pipettes in 10 microL, 50 microL, 100 microL sizes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Mouth pipettes with tubing</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>supplied with capillary pipettes from VWR</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>0.2 microm Acrodisc syringe filter </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Pall Life Sciences</td>
<td>PN4192</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>0.5% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen/Gibco</td>
<td>25300-120</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tissue culture dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Tissue culture dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>NUNC</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Nikon SMZ1500 dissection scope equipped with Nikon Tokai Hit ThermoPlate warming stage </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (E12.5)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

derivation of human embryonic stem cells by immunosurgery

A capacidade de células estaminais embrionárias humanas para a auto-renovar e diferenciar em todos os tipos de células do corpo sugere que eles são uma grande promessa para aplicações médicas e como ferramenta de pesquisa para abordar questões fundamentais no desenvolvimento e na doença. Aqui, fornecemos uma concisa, protocolo passo a passo para a derivação de células estaminais embrionárias humanas a partir de embriões pelo isolamento immunosurgical da massa celular interna.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery at JoVE.com

Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Derivação de células estaminais embrionárias humanas por Immunosurgery

The ability of human embryonic stem cells to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types of 
the body suggests that they hold great promise for both ...

derivation-of-human-embryonic-stem-cells-by-immunosurgery

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

33.7K visualizações.  Harvard. A capacidade de células estaminais embrionárias humanas para a auto-renovar e diferenciar em todos os tipos de células do corpo sugere que eles são uma grande promessa para aplicações médicas e como ferramenta de pesquisa para abordar questões fundamentais no desenvolvimento e na doença. Aqui, fornecemos uma concisa, protocolo passo a passo para a derivação de células estaminais embrionárias humanas a partir de embriões pelo isolamento immunosurgical da mass...

Vídeo: Derivation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Immunosurgery

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem ES Cells

Propagação de-tronco embrionárias humanas (ES) Células

Biologia

Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the blastocyst of the early embryo and are pluripotent in differentiative ability.  Their vast differentiative potential has made them the focus of much research centered on deducing how to coax them to generate clinically useful cell types.  The successful derivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from mouse ESC has recently been accomplished and can be visualized in this video protocol.  HSC, arguably the most clinically exploited cell population, are used to treat a myriad of hematopoietic malignancies and disorders.  However, many patients that might benefit from HSC therapy lack access to suitable donors.  ESC could provide an alternative source of HSC for these patients.  The following protocol establishes a baseline from which ESC-HSC can be studied and inform efforts to isolate HSC from human ESC.  In this protocol, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) for 6 days in commercially available serum pre-screened for optimal hematopoietic differentiation.  EBs are then dissociated and infected with retroviral HoxB4.  Infected EB-derived cells are plated on OP9 stroma, a bone marrow stromal cell line derived from the calvaria of  M-CSF-/- mice, and co-cultured in the presence of hematopoiesis promoting cytokines for ten days.  During this co-culture, the infected cells expand greatly, resulting in the generation a heterogeneous pool of 100s of millions of cells.  These cells can then be used to rescue and reconstitute lethally irradiated mice.

This protocol details the derivation of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells from mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) and their subsequent injection into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Briefly, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies, which are then infected with retroviral HoxB4 and co-cultured with OP9 stromal cells and hematopoietic cytokines.

Derivação de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas murino de Células-Tronco Embrionárias

A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny.  Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are ...

Probing for Mitochondrial Complex Activity in Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that have a primary role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, regulation of the cell signaling network, and programmed cell death. Mitochondria produce ATP, regulate the cytoplasmic redox state and Ca2+ balance, catabolize fatty acids, synthesize heme, nucleotides, steroid hormones, amino acids, and help assemble iron-sulfur clusters in proteins. Mitochondria also have an essential role in heat production. Mutations of the mitochondrial genome cause several types of human disorder. The accumulation of mtDNA mutations correlates with aging and is suspected to have an important role in the development of cancer. Due to their vitally important role in all cell types, the function of mitochondria must also be critical for stem cells. Key advances have been made in our understanding of stem cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. But the functional activity of stem cells, in particular their energy status, was not yet been studied in detail. Almost nothing is known about the mitochondrial properties of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and their differentiated precursor progeny. One way to understand and evaluate the role of mitochondria in hESC function and developmental potential is to directly measure the activity of mitochondrial respiratory complexes. Here, we describe high resolution clear native gel electrophoresis and subsequent in gel activity visualization as a method for analyzing the five respiratory chain complexes of hESCs.

In this video, we will show you how the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of human embryonic stem cells can be analyzed using in gel activity assays.

Sondagem para a Atividade Complexo mitocondrial em células estaminais embrionárias humanas

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles that have a primary role in cellular metabolism and homeostasis, regulation of the cell signaling network, and ...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are characterized by two fundamental properties: self-renewal and multipotency that allows a stem cell to differentiate into virtually any cell type 1. The progression stem cell to differentiated cell is characterized by loss of multipotency, structural and morphological changes and the hierarchic activity of transcription factors and signaling molecules, whose activities establish and maintain cell-type specific gene expression patterns. At the molecular level, cell differentiation involves dynamic changes of the structure and composition of chromatin and the detection of those dynamic changes can provide valuable insights into the functional features of stem cells and the cell differentiation process 2,3. Chromatin is a highly compacted DNA-protein complex that forms when cells package chromosomal DNA with proteins, mainly histones 4. Stemcellness and cell differentiation has been correlated with the presence of specific arrays of regulatory proteins such as epigenetic factors, histone variants, and transcription factors 2,3,5.
 Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) provides a valuable method to monitor the presence of RNA, proteins, and protein modifications in chromatin 6,7. The comparison of chromatin from different cell types can elucidate dynamic changes in protein-chromatin associations that occur during cell differentiation.
Chromatin immunoprecipitation involves the purification of in vivo cross-linked chromatin. The isolated chromatin is reduced to smaller fragments by enzymatic digestion or mechanical force. Chromatin fragments are precipitated using specific antibodies to target proteins or protein and DNA modifications. The precipitated DNA or RNA is purified and used as a template for PCR or DNA microarray based assays. Prerequisites for a successful ChIP are high quality antibodies to the desired antigen and the availability of chromatin from control cells that do not express the target molecule. ChIP can correlate the presence of proteins, protein and RNA modifications, and RNA with specific target DNA, and depending on the choice of outread tool, detects the association of target molecules at specific target genes or in the context of an entire genome. The comparison of the distribution of proteins in the chromatin of differentiating cells can elucidate the dynamic changes of chromatin composition that coincide with the progression of cells along a cell lineage.

The differentiation of ESC coincides with cell-type specific changes in the structure and composition of chromatin. The detection of those changes provides valuable insights into the mechanisms that define stemcellness and cell differentiation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) represents a valuable method to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation.

Cromatina imunoprecipitação de células estaminais embrionárias humanas

The functional and structural complexity of the myriad of cells in metazoan organisms arises from a small number of stem cells. Stem cells are ...

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells  

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be  fed  every day by performing a complete medium change to replenish lost nutrients and to keep the cultures free of unwanted differentiation factors. Although a small amount of differentiation is normal and expected in stem cell cultures, the culture should be routinely cleaned up by manually removing, or "picking" differentiated areas. Identifying and removing excess differentiation from hES cell cultures are essential techniques in the maintenance of a healthy population of cells.

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

This protocol demonstrates how to maintain healthy, undifferentiated human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

Cultura e Manutenção de células estaminais embrionárias humanas

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells must be monitored and cared for in order to maintain healthy, undifferentiated cultures. At minimum, the cultures must be ...

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Although human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have been shown to present a stable diploid karyotype 1, many studies have reported that depending on culture conditions they become prone to acquire chromosomal anomalies such as addition of whole or parts of chromosomes. Indeed, during long-term culture, karyotypic alterations are observed when enzymatic or chemical dissociation are used 2,3,4, while manual dissection of colonies for passaging retains a stable karyotype 5. Besides, changes in the environment such as the removal of feeder cells also seem to compromise the genetic integrity of hESC 3,6. Once chromosomal alterations could affect cellular physiology, the characterization of the genetic integrity of hESC in vitro is crucial considering hESC as an essential tool in embryogenesis studies and drug testing. Furthermore, for future therapeutic purposes chromosomal changes are a real concern as it is frequently associated to carcinogenesis.
Here we show a simple and useful method to obtain high quality chromosome spreads for subsequent analysis of chromosome set by G-banding, FISH, SKY or CGH techniques 7,8. We recommend checking the chromosomal status routinely with intervals of 5 passages in order to monitor the appearance of translocations and aneuploidies
Priscila Britto and Rafaela Sartore contributed equally to the paper.

Karyotyping is a simple and useful technique widely used for detecting genetic alterations. Here we describe a step by step protocol for chromosome spread preparation of human embryonic stem cells for monitoring the chromosomal status of these cells maintained in culture.

Preparação Spread cromossômica de células estaminais embrionárias humanas para Cariotipagem

Although human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have been shown to present a stable diploid karyotype 1, many studies have reported that depending on culture ...

Freezing and Thawing Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells from a frozen stock have become important procedures performed in routine hES cell culture. Since hES cells are very sensitive to the stresses of freezing and thawing, special care must taken. Here we demonstrate the proper technique for rapidly thawing hES cells from liquid nitrogen stocks, plating them on mouse embryonic feeder cells, and slowly freezing them for long-term storage.

Congelamento e descongelamento, células estaminais embrionárias humanas

Since James Thomson et al developed a technique in 1998 to isolate and grow hES in culture, freezing cells for later use and thawing and expanding cells ...

Isolation and Derivation of Mouse Embryonic Germinal Cells

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum (dpc) mouse embryos.  Developing gonadal ridges from mouse embryos (C57BL6J) were dissociated by mechanical disruption with collagenase, then plated in a mouse embryo fibroblast feeder layer (MEF-CF1) that was previously mitotically inactivated with mitomycin C in the presence of knockout media and supplemented with Leukemia Inhibitor Factor (LIF), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Stem Cell Factor (SCF).  Using these optimized methods for PCG identification, isolation, and establishment of culture conditions permits long term cultures of EG cells for more than 40 days.  The embryonic germinal cell lines showed embryonic phenotype and expression of common used markers of the pluripotent state.  Isolation and derivation of germinal cells in culture provide a tool to understand their development in vitro and offer the opportunity to monitor cumulative damage at genetic and epigenetic levels after exposure to oxidative stress.

The ability of embryonic germinal cells to differentiate into primordial germinal cells during early development stages is a perfect model to address our hypothesis about cancer and infertility. This protocol shows how to isolate primordial germinal cells from developing gonads in 10.5-11.5 days post coitum mouse embryos.

Isolamento e derivação de células embrionárias de rato Germinal

The ability of embryonic germinal cells (EG) to differentiate into primordial germinal cells (PGCs) and later into gametes during early developmental ...

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Oligodendrocyte Precursors

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant interest in deriving a pure population of lineage-committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for transplantation. OPCs are characterized by the activity of the transcription factor Olig2 and surface expression of a proteoglycan NG2. Using the GFP-Olig2 (G-Olig2) mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) reporter line, we optimized conditions for the differentiation of mESCs into GFP+Olig2+NG2+ OPCs. In our protocol, we first describe the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from mESCs. Second, we describe treatment of mESC-derived EBs with small molecules: (1) retinoic acid (RA) and (2) a sonic hedgehog (Shh) agonist purmorphamine (Pur) under defined culture conditions to direct EB differentiation into the oligodendroglial lineage. By this approach, OPCs can be obtained with high efficiency (&gt;80%) in a time period of 30 days. Cells derived from mESCs in this protocol are phenotypically similar to OPCs derived from primary tissue culture. The mESC-derived OPCs do not show the spiking property described for a subpopulation of brain OPCs in situ. To study this electrophysiological property, we describe the generation of spiking mESC-derived OPCs by ectopically expressing NaV1.2 subunit. The spiking and nonspiking cells obtained from this protocol will help advance functional studies on the two subpopulations of OPCs.

We describe a small molecule-based protocol for differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). This protocol generates Olig2+NG2+ OPCs with high efficiency by 30 days of differentiation. We also describe a method to generate "spiking" OPCs that can fire action potentials.

Diferenciação de células-tronco embrionárias em precursores oligodendroglial

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. For regenerative cell therapy in demyelinating diseases, there is significant ...

Derivation of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells from Blastocysts

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the trophectoderm mediates implantation and generates the fetal part of the placenta. As a result, the development of this lineage is essential for embryo survival. Derivation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells from mouse blastocysts was first described by Tanaka et al. 1998. The ability of TS cells to preserve the trophoblast specific property and their expression of stage- and cell type-specific markers after proper stimulation provides a valuable model system to investigate trophoblast lineage development whereby recapitulating early placentation events. Furthermore, trophoblast cells are one of the few somatic cell types undergoing natural genome amplification. Although the molecular pathways underlying trophoblast polyploidization have begun to unravel, the physiological role and advantage of trophoblast genome amplification remains largely elusive. The development of diploid stem cells into polyploid trophoblast cells in culture makes this ex vivo system an excellent tool for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of genome replication and instability in health and disease. Here we describe a protocol based on previous reports with modification published in Chiu et al. 2008.

In this video, we demonstrate the isolation of mouse blastocysts and the derivation of trophoblast stem cells from blastocysts. We also describe conditions for maintenance of the stem cell property as well as induction of differentiation in culture.

Derivação de células-tronco do rato trofoblasto de blastocistos

Specification of the trophectoderm is one of the earliest differentiation events of mammalian development. The trophoblast lineage derived from the ...