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A High-Yield Streptomyces Transcription-Translation Toolkit for Synthetic Biology and Natural Product Applications
In This Article
Summary
This protocol details an enhanced method for synthesizing high yields of recombinant proteins from a Streptomyces venezuelae cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) system.
Abstract
Streptomyces spp. are a major source of clinical antibiotics and industrial chemicals. Streptomyces venezuelae ATCC 10712 is a fast-growing strain and a natural producer of chloramphenicol, jadomycin, and pikromycin, which makes it an attractive candidate as a next-generation synthetic biology chassis. Therefore, genetic tools that accelerate the development of S. venezuelae ATCC 10712, as well as other Streptomyces spp. models, are highly desirable for natural product engineering and discovery. To this end, a dedicated S. venezuelae ATCC 10712 cell-free system is provided in this protocol to enable high-yield heterologous expression of high G+C (%) genes. This protocol is suitable for small-scale (10-100 μL) batch reactions in either 96-well or 384-well plate format, while reactions are potentially scalable. The cell-free system is robust and can achieve high yields (~5-10 μM) for a range of recombinant proteins in a minimal setup. This work also incorporates a broad plasmid toolset for real-time measurement of mRNA and protein synthesis, as well as in-gel fluorescence staining of tagged proteins. This protocol can also be integrated with high-throughput gene expression characterization workflows or the study of enzyme pathways from high G+C (%) genes present in Actinomycetes genomes.
Introduction
Cell-free transcription-translation (TX-TL) systems provide an ideal prototyping platform for synthetic biology to implement rapid design-build-test-learn cycles, the conceptual engineering framework for synthetic biology1. In addition, there is growing interest in TX-TL systems for high-value recombinant protein production in an open-reaction environment2, for example, to incorporate non-standard amino acids in antibody-drug conjugates3. Specifically, TX-TL requires a cell extract, plasmid or linear DNA, and an energy solution to catalyze protein synthesis in batch or semicontinuous reactions. Wh....
Protocol
NOTE: See Table 1 and Table 2 for recipes for GYM medium and agar plate and S30A and S30B wash buffers.
1. Preparation of solutions and general guidance
- Keep all solutions, cells (post-growth), and cell extracts on ice after preparation, unless an exception is stated.
- Store stocks for 1 M Mg-glutamate, 4 M K-glutamate, 40% (w/v) PEG 6000, 1 g/mL polyvinylsulfonic acid at room temperature, and all other stocks at -80 °C. Minimize.......
Representative Results
This detailed protocol is provided as an example to help the user establish a Streptomyces TX-TL system based on the S. venezuelae ATCC 10712 model strain (Figure 1). The user may seek to study other Streptomyces strains; however, the growth/harvesting stages of other strains with longer doubling times or distinct growth preferences will need to be custom-optimized to achieve peak results. For the representative result, the mScarlet-I fluorescent protein from .......
Discussion
In this manuscript, a high-yield S. venezuelae TX-TL protocol has been described with detailed steps that are straightforward to conduct for both experienced and new users of TX-TL systems. Several features from existing Streptomyces45 and E. coli TX-TL41 protocols have been removed to establish a minimal, yet high-yield protocol for S. venezuelae TX-TL5,26. The workflow recommend.......
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the following research support: EPSRC [EP/K038648/1] for SJM as a PDRA with PSF; Wellcome Trust sponsored ISSF fellowship for SJM with PSF at Imperial College London; Royal Society research grant [RGS\R1\191186]; Wellcome Trust SEED award [217528/Z/19/Z] for SJM at the University of Kent; and Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) Ph.D. scholarship for KC at the University of Kent.
....Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| 2.5 L UltraYield Flask | Thomson | 931136-B | |
| 3-PGA (>93%) | Sigma | P8877 | |
| 384 Well Black/Clear Bottom Plate | ThermoFisher | 10692202 | |
| Ammonium chloride (98%) | Fluorochem | 44722 | |
| ATP, CTP, UTP, GTP (100 mM solution, >99%) | ThermoFisher | R0481 | |
| Carbenicillin (contact supplier for purity) | Melford | C46000-25.0 | |
| D-(+)-glucose (contact supplier for purity) | Melford | G32040 | |
| DFHBI (≥98% - HPLC) | Sigma | SML1627 | |
| DTT (contact supplier for purity) | Melford | MB1015 | |
| FlAsH-EDT2 (contact supplier for purity) | Santa Cruz Biotech | sc-363644 | |
| Glucose-6-phosphate (>98%) | Sigma | G7879 | |
| HEPES Free Acid (contact supplier for purity) | Melford | B2001 | |
| L-glutamic acid hemimagnesium salt tetrahydrate (>98%) | Sigma | 49605 | |
| Magnesium chloride (98%) | Fluorochem | 494356 | |
| Malt extract | Sigma | 70167-500G | |
| PEG-6000 | Sigma | 807491 | |
| Pierce 96-well Microdialysis Plate, 10K MWCO | ThermoFisher | 88260 | |
| Poly(vinyl sulfate) potassium salt | Sigma | 271969 | |
| Potassium glutamate (>99%) | Sigma | G1149 | |
| RTS amino acid sampler | 5 Prime | 2401530 | |
| Sodium chloride (99%) | Fluorochem | 94554 | |
| Supelclean LC-18 SPE C-18 SPE column (1 g) | Sigma | 505471 | |
| Yeast Extract | Melford | Y1333 | |
| Equipment | |||
| Platereader | BMG | Omega |
References
- Carbonell, P., et al. An automated Design-Build-Test-Learn pipeline for enhanced microbial production of fine chemicals. Communications Biology. 1, 66 (2018).
- Gregorio, N. E., Levine, M. Z., Oza, J. P. A user'....
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