Visualizing the Morphological Characteristics of Neuromuscular Junction in Rat Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle

Summary

The protocol shows a method to examine spatial correlation among the pre-synaptic terminals, post-synaptic receptors, and peri-synaptic Schwann cells in the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle using fluorescent immunohistochemistry with different biomarkers, namely, neurofilament 200, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, alpha-bungarotoxin, and S100.

Abstract

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a complex structure serving for the signal communication from the motor neuron to the skeletal muscle and consists of three essential histological components: the pre-synaptic motor axon terminals, post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AchRs), and peri-synaptic Schwann cells (PSCs). In order to demonstrate the morphological characteristics of NMJ, the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle was selected as the target-tissue and examined by using multiple fluorescent staining with various kinds of biomarkers, including neurofilament 200 (NF200) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) for the motor nerve fibers and their pre-synaptic terminals, alpha-bungarotoxin (α-BTX) for the post-synaptic nicotinic AchRs, and S100 for the PSCs. In this study, staining was performed in two groups: in the first group, samples were stained with NF200, VAChT, and α-BTX, and in the second group, samples were stained with NF200, α-BTX, and S100. It was shown that both protocols can effectively demonstrate the detailed structure of NMJ. Using the confocal microscope, morphological characteristics of the pre-synaptic terminals, post-synaptic receptors, and PSC were seen, and their Z-stacks images were reconstructed in a three-dimensional pattern to further analyze the spatial correlation among the different labeling. From the perspective of methodology, these protocols provide a valuable reference for investigating the morphological characteristics of NMJ under physiological conditions, which may also be suitable to evaluate the pathological alteration of NMJ, such as peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.

Introduction

As three essential structural components of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ)^1,2,3,4, morphological aspects of the pre-synaptic motor axon terminals, post-synaptic membrane containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AchRs), and peri-synaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) have extensively been investigated. Thin sections and whole-mount specimens of the skeletal muscles have been examined with different histological techniques, such as electron microscopy^5,6, confocal microscopy

Protocol

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (approval No. 2021-04-15-1). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1996). Three adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley, weight 230 ± 15 g) were used. The rats were housed in a 12 h light/dark cycle with controlled temperature and humidity and with free access to food and water. The instruments and materials for this study are shown in Figure 1.

Results

After multiple fluorescent staining, the corresponding labeling was orderly demonstrated on the 80 µm thick sections of the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle with NF200-positive nerve fibers, VAChT-positive pre-synaptic terminals, α-BTX-positive post-synaptic AchRs, S100-positive PSCs, phalloidin-positive muscular fibers, and DAPI-labeled cellular nuclei (Figure 3 and Figure 4).

It was shown that NF200-positive nerve fibers ra.......

Discussion

We have described the technical details required for performing successful multiple staining of muscle slices and use of fluorescent immunohistochemistry for revealing the morphological characteristics of NMJ on the thick sections of the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle. By using this approach, the fine details and spatial correlation of the PSCs and pre- and post-synaptic elements can be analyzed and appreciated under confocal microscopy, and further reconstructed in a three-dimensional pattern. Here, various kinds of bi.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride	ThermoFisher	D3571
Confocal laser scanning microscope	Olympus	FV1200
Donkey anti-chicken AF488	Jackson	149973 (703-545-155)
Donkey anti-goat AF546	ThermoFisher	A11056
Donkey anti-rabbit AF488	ThermoFisher	A21206
Donkey anti-rabbit AF546	ThermoFisher	A10040
Frozen Section Medium	ThermoFisher	Neg-50	Colorless
Microscope cover glass	Citotest	10212450C
Microtome	Yamato	REM-710
Neurofilament 200	Sigma-Aldrich	N4142	Rabbit
Neurofilament 200	Abcam	ab4680	Chicken
Normal donkey serum	Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories	017-000-12	10 ml
Normal saline	Shandong Hualu Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd	H37022750	250 ml
Paraformaldehyde	Macklin	P804536	500g
Phalloidin AF350	ThermoFisher	A22281
Precision peristaltic pump	Longer	BT100-2J
S100-β	Abcam	ab52642	Rabbit
Sodium phosphate dbasic dodecahydrate	Macklin	S818118	500g
Sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate	Macklin	S817463	500g
Sucrose	Macklin	S818046	500g
Superfrost plus microscope slides	ThermoFisher	4951PLUS-001E
Triton X-100	Solarbio Life Sciences	9002-93-1	100 ml
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter	Milipore	ANB100	Goat
α-bungarotoxin AF647 conjugate	ThermoFisher	B35450