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Abstract

Neuroscience

Evaluation and Manipulation of Neural Activity Using Two-Photon Holographic Microscopy

Published: September 16th, 2022

DOI:

10.3791/64205

1Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 2Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 3Department of System Science, Kobe University Graduate School of System Informatics, 4Department of Biology, Graduate School of Sciences, Kobe University, 5Department of Information Science, Kobe University Graduate School of System Informatics, 6Center of Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University

Abstract

Recent advances in optical bioimaging and optogenetics have enabled the visualization and manipulation of biological phenomena, including cellular activities, in living animals. In the field of neuroscience, detailed neural activity related to brain functions, such as learning and memory, has now been revealed, and it has become feasible to artificially manipulate this activity to express brain functions. However, the conventional evaluation of neural activity by two-photon Ca2+ imaging has the problem of low temporal resolution. In addition, manipulation of neural activity by conventional optogenetics through the optic fiber can only simultaneously regulate the activity of neurons with the same genetic background, making it difficult to control the activity of individual neurons. To solve this issue, we recently developed a microscope with a high spatiotemporal resolution for biological applications by combining optogenetics with digital holographic technology that can modify femtosecond infrared laser beams. Here, we describe protocols for the visualization, evaluation, and manipulation of neural activity, including the preparation of samples and operation of a two-photon holographic microscope (Figure 1). These protocols provide accurate spatiotemporal information on neural activity, which may be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders that lead to abnormalities in neural activity.

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Keywords Two photon Holographic Microscopy

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