Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

Summary

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

Abstract

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3⁺ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

Introduction

More than 500 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy clinical trials are currently being conducted across the world, and four CAR-T cell therapy products are available on the market¹. However, numerous CAR-T cell research and manufacturing needs still exist that must be addressed to improve the efficacy, scalability, and long-term success of these potentially curative therapies^2,3,4,5. Adoptive CAR-T cell clinical research and manufacturing begins with T cell isolation from a peripheral blood sample and the su....

Protocol

1. Isolation of T cells with microbubbles using positive selection

NOTE: This protocol details a small-scale CD3⁺ positive selection approach using SAMBs.

1. Incubate 3 x 10⁸ commercially obtained PBMCs in 2.5 mL of separation buffer with biotinylated anti-CD3 (OKT3) antibody at a concentration of 25 ng of antibody per 1 million cells (25 ng/M). Gently mix by pipetting up and down, and incubate at room temperature for 10 min.
2. Add strept.......

Discussion

The described protocol allows for the isolation of T cells from PBMC samples and the activation of suspended T cells in culture media with microbubbles. This method relies on functionalized microbubbles whose inherent buoyancy offers a unique opportunity to introduce co-stimulatory signals to cells and activate them while they are suspended in a culture medium, thereby reducing the exposure of the expanding cells to prolonged stimulation; such overstimulation can result in the increased expression of T cell exhaustion ma.......

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
2-Mercaptoethanol	Gibco	21985-023	CAS: 60-24-2
Biologix Multi-Well Culture Plates 24-well plates	VWR	76081-560
Biotin anti-human CD28 (28.2) Antibody	Biolegend	302904
Biotin anti-human CD3 (OKT3) Antibody	Biolegend	317320
DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium	Gibco	14190-136
GlutaMAX Supplement	Thermofisher	35050061
Human Recombinant IL2	BioVision (vwr)	10006-122
Lentiviral Particle rLV.EF1.zsGreen1-9	Takara Bio	0038VCT
Leukopak	BioIVT	HUMANLMX100-0001129
Normal Human PBMCs	BioIVT	HUMANHLPB-0002562
Penicillin/Streptomycin 100X for tissue culture	VWR	97063-708	CAS: 8025-06-7
Polybrene Infection/Transfection Reagent	Millipore Sigma	TR-1003-G	CAS:28728-55-4
Pooled Human AB Serum Plasma Derived Heat Inactivated	Innovative Research	ISERABHI100mL
RPMI 1640 Medium, GlutaMAX Supplement, HEPES	Gibco	72400047
Streptavidin Microbubble Kit (includes Akadeum's separation buffer)	Akadeum	11110-000