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Immunology and Infection

生成转基因 伯氏疟原 虫孢子

Published: May 5th, 2023

DOI:

10.3791/64992

1Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, 2Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia

疟疾是通过受感染的蚊子接种 疟原虫 的子孢子阶段传播的。转基因 疟原虫 使我们能够更好地了解疟疾的生物学,并直接促进了疟疾疫苗的开发工作。在这里,我们描述了一种生成转基因 伯氏疟 原虫孢子体的简化方法。

疟疾是一种由寄生虫疟原虫引起的致命疾病,通过雌性蚊叮咬传播。蚊子沉积在脊椎动物宿主皮肤中的疟原虫孢子阶段在开始临床疟疾之前在肝脏中经历了一个强制性发育阶段。我们对肝脏中疟原虫发育的生物学知之甚少;进入孢子阶段和对这种孢子进行基因改造的能力是研究疟原虫感染性质和肝脏中由此产生的免疫反应的关键工具。在这里,我们提出了用于产生转基因伯氏疟原虫孢子体的综合方案。我们对血液阶段的伯氏疟原虫进行基因改造,并在按蚊吸血时使用这种形式感染按。转基因寄生虫在蚊子中发育后,我们从蚊子唾液腺中分离出寄生虫的孢子阶段,进行体内体外实验。我们通过生成表达绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 亚基 11 (GFP11) 的新型伯氏疟原虫菌株的孢子来证明该协议的有效性,并展示了如何将其用于研究肝期疟疾的生物学。

尽管在药物开发和疟疾预防和治疗研究方面取得了进展,但疟疾的全球疾病负担仍然很高。每年有五十多万人死于疟疾,其中生活在疟疾流行地区(如撒哈拉以南非洲)的儿童死亡率最高1。疟疾是由寄生虫疟原虫引起的,疟原虫通过唾液腺中携带寄生虫的雌性蚊叮咬传播给人类。疟原虫的感染阶段 - 子孢子 - 在血粉中沉积在脊椎动物宿主的皮肤中,并通过血液感染肝细胞,在感染红细胞之前,它们会经历强制性发育(构成红细胞前期疟疾)。红细胞感染启动了疟疾的血液阶段,并导致了与该疾病相关的全部发病率和死亡率 2,3

疟原虫红细胞前发育的专性使其成为预防性疫苗和药物开发工作的有吸引力的靶标4.研究红细胞性疟疾前期的生物学以及开发针对肝脏阶段的疫苗或药物的先决条件是获得疟原虫孢子体。此外,我们产生转基因疟原虫孢子体的能力对此类研究工作的成功起到了重要作用5,6,7,8,9。

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我们实验室中所有涉及脊椎动物的研究均按照佐治亚大学的动物使用指南和协议进行。

1. 伯氏疟原虫 感染小鼠的产生

  1. 使用野生型 伯氏疟 原虫在雄性或雌性,6-8周龄的C57BL / 6(B6)小鼠中启动血液阶段感染。为此,将冷冻保存的 伯氏疟原虫感染的血液(2 x 105 感染的红细胞)在400μL磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)中复溶到腹膜内(ip)?.......

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确定裂殖的频率和发育对于确保足够多的活寄生虫处于转染的最佳阶段至关重要。未成熟的裂殖子可以与完全成熟的裂殖子区分开来,因为裂殖子较少,这些裂殖子不会填充红细胞的整个细胞内空间(图1B)。需要注意的是,当从培养的血液中制作血涂片时,受感染的红细胞可能会破裂,导致在血涂片中观察到游离的细胞外裂殖子(图1)。这种裂殖子?.......

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我们已经在我们的实验室中使用了上述方案来创建几种转基因 伯氏疟 原虫寄生虫系。虽然针对 P. berghei 进行了优化,但我们也成功地使用该协议来生成转基因 P. yoelii 子孢子。将转染的裂殖体注射到小鼠体内后,寄生虫通常不晚于3 d.p.i.在所有组中检测到,包括无质粒对照。只有在检测到寄生虫血症后才开始选择,以确保电穿孔后寄生虫的活力。此外,在准备药物选择时,可?.......

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这项工作得到了美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)对SPK的资助AI168307。 我们感谢 UGA CTEGD 流式细胞术核心和 UGA CTEGD 显微镜核心。我们还要感谢 Ash Pathak、Anne Elliot 和 UGA Sporocore 的工作人员在优化协议方面的贡献。我们要感谢 Daichi Kamiyama 博士的宝贵见解、讨论以及含有 GFP11 和 GFP 1-10 的亲本质粒。我们还要感谢Kurup实验室成员一直以来的支持、耐心和鼓励。

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
30 G x 1/2" Syringe needleExel international26437
Alsever's solutionSigma-AldritchA3551-500ML
Amaxa Basic Parasite Nucleofector Kit 2LonzaVMI-1021
Avertin (2,2,2-Tribromoethanol)TCI AmericaT1420
Blood collection tubesBD bioscience365967for serum collection
C-Chip disposable hematocytometerINCYTODHC-N01-5
CellVeiw Cell Culture DishGreiner Bio-One627860
Centrifuge 5425Eppendorf5405000107
Centrifuge 5910REppendorf5910RFor gradient centrifugation
Delta Vision II - Inverted microscope systemOlympusIX-71
Dimethyl SulfoxideSigmaD5879-500ml
Fetal bovine serumGenClone25-525
GFP11 plasmidKurup LabpSKspGFP11Generated from PL0017 plasmid
Giemsa StainSigma-Aldritch48900-1L-F
Hepa GFP1-10 cellsKurup LabHepa GFP1-10Generated from Hepa 1-6 cells (ATCC Cat# CRL-1830)
Mouse SerumUsed for mosquito dissection media
NaClMillipore-SigmaSX0420-51.5 M and 0.15 M for percoll solution
Nucleofector IIAmaxa Biosystems (Lonza)Program U-033 used for RBC electroporation
Pasteur pipetteVWR14673-043
Penicillin/StreptomycinSigma-AldritchP0781-100ML
Percoll (Density gradient stock medium)Cytivia17-0891-02Details in protocol
PL0017 PlasmidBEI ResourcesMRA-786
Pyrimethamine (for oral administration)Sigma46706Preparation details: Add 17.5 mg Pyrimethamine to 2.5 mL of DMSO. Vortex, if needed to dissolve completely; Adjust pH of 225 mL of dH2O to 4 using HCL. Add Pyrimethamine in DMSO to water and bring to 250 mL. Add 10 g of sugar to encourage regular consumption of drugged water. Pyrimethamine is light sensitive. Use dark bottle or aluminum foil covered bottle when treating mice.
RPMI 1640Corning15-040-CV
SoftWoRx microscopy softwareApplied Precisionv6.1.3

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