University of Illinois at Chicago gibi Adacık Hücre Kaynak Merkezi NIH hibe (RFA-RR 05-003), Christopher Vakfı, Efroymson Vakfı ve Tellabs Vakfı fon tarafından desteklenir.

1. Tesis kurulum <ol><li> İnsan adacık izolasyonu, takım çalışması gerektirir bir zaman hassas bir işlemdir ve bu nedenle, dört kişi bu işlemi yapmak için ihtiyaç vardır. Takım masaya ve pankreas cannulates cerrah tarafından yönetilmektedir. </li><li> Adacık izolasyon ekibi UIC adacık izolasyonu tesisi girer dakika başlar. Ekip üyeleri, santrifüj gibi, gerekli tüm enstrümantasyon, kontrol edilir ve açık olduğunu emin olun. Ayrıca, tüm davlumbaz ve yüzeyleri sterilize etmek için emin olun. </li><li> İki kişi kanülasyon tablo, sulu kar makinesi, sindirim devre, perfüzyon ünitesi, COBE arıtma makine ve cerrahi masaları kuracak. </li><li> Aynı zamanda, diğer iki ekip üyeleri, izolasyon sırasında gerekli ortam hazırlayacaktır. </li><li> Sonra, bakteriyoloji tüpleri (şişe, tüp, form ve çanta), numune alma tüpleri (ön yıkama ile dolu) ve değerlendirme tüpleri ve plakaları hazırlanır. </li><li> Aşağıdaki gibi ayarlayın arıtma tüpü hazırlayın: 1. tüp boş ve 150 ml işaretli, tüpler 2-12, 200 ml insan albumini (yıkama solüsyonu) ile desteklenmiş M199 medya ile doldurulmuş ve 230 ml &#39;işaretli, ve nihayet 50 ml konik tüp 50 ml yıkama solüsyonu ile doldurulur. Bu hazırlık adımları biz hazırlanması ve pankreas perfüze başlamaya hazır tam. </li></ol> 2. Pankreas hazırlanması ve perfüzyon <ol><li> Hazırlanması ve pankreasın perfüzyon başlamak için, bir operatör, steril tekniği kullanarak ambalaj organ kaldırır. Cerrah dekontaminasyon tablo pankreas transfer olacak. </li><li> Cerrah orijinal pankreas koruma çözümü ve hazırlanan &quot;İhale&quot; bakteriyoloji şişeleri doldurmak için kullanan bir operatörü, el ile bir adet 60 ml şırınga dolduracaktır. </li><li> Organ adacık izolasyonu (pankreas, satın alma sırasında hasar veya anatomik olarak anormal ise, adacık izolasyonu için kullanılan) için uygun olup olmadığını belirlemek için bir görsel denetim sonra, cerrah kollajenaz hazırlamak için bir operatör soracaktır. Yeniden askıya alınması zaman farklı enzim marka ve birçok arasında değişmektedir unutmayın. </li><li> Cerrah hazır olduğunda, dekontaminasyon tablo (Betadine, Fungizone / Sefazolin ve HBSS) dekontaminasyon çözümler getirmek ve onlara uygun kaplar içine dökün. Cerrah, bir dakika için her dekontaminasyon çözüm pankreas pankreas yıkama dekontaminasyon gerçekleştirir. Pankreas sonra tartılır olacağı küçük steril bir kavanoza konur. Ağırlığı toplu kayıt içine girildikten sonra, pankreas, bazı koruma çözümü ile kanülasyon tavaya konur. </li><li> Cerrah ortaya çıkarmak ve kısmen ana kanalı insizyon ve bir kanül ile pankreas her bir yarısı cannulate. Kanül dikiş tarafından temin edilecektir. Pankreas serpmek için, ilk perfüzyon ünitesi taşımak ve enzim çözeltisi havza içine dökün. Toplam perfüzyon süresi 5 dakika için 180 mmHg, sonra 5 dakika süreyle 80 mmHg, yaklaşık 10 dakika. Pankreas perfüzyon sonra şişmiş. </li><li> Kanülasyon tavaya yağ dokusu, pankreas dikkatli bir şekilde kesilmiş perfüze pankreas, taşıyın. Sonra 10-12 parçalar halinde kesilmiş ve pankreas sindirim için Ricordi Odası transfer. </li></ol> 3. Pankreas sindirim <ol><li> Sindirim adım başlamak için, boş Ricordi Odası pankreas aktarmak, ekranda koymak Pulmozyme 2.5 ml şişe, (odası doku blok büyük bir yığın önlemek) eklemek, oda kapatın ve sistemi doldurun. </li><li> 5 dakika boyunca çözüm pompalama başlayın. Odanın sıcak bir çözüm boyunca eşit dağıtmak için hafifçe sallayın. Beş dakika sonra, tüm sindirim aşaması için odasına yavaşça sallayın. 37 ° ˚ C sıcaklık koruyun </li><li> Rock odasının sıcaklığı 37 °, sonra odasına sallamak ulaşıncaya kadar yavaşça. Bir numune alın ve her iki dakikada bir ücretsiz adacıklar kapsamında olup olmadığını algılayabilir. Toplu kayıt sindirim tabloda adacık değerlendirme bilgileri kaydedin. Adacık yüzdesi% 50 çözüm ücretsiz ve izole edilmiş yüzen kadar izlemeye devam edin. </li></ol> 4. Doku toplama <ol><li> Adacıklar% 50 örneklerinde bulunur, sindirim devresinde soğuk RPMI seyreltme çözüm ekleyerek durdurulur. Doku, 500 ml konik tüpler 30 ml İnsan Albumin ile önceden doldurulmuş toplanan. Tüpler emme süpernatantı kapalı döndü ve pelet soğuk yıkama solüsyonu ile yıkayın. 1 dakika, 4 ˚ C 1100 RPM (dakikadaki dönüş) konik tüpler Spin </li><li> Tek bir 500 ml konik içine sindirilmiş pankreas dokusu ile askıya alma tüpleri birleştirin. Bir tüp, yıkanmış doku dolu olduğunda, spin ve tüm doku birden çok kez yıkanmış kadar yıkama işlemi tekrarlayın. Bu tüp spin ve tek bir 250 ml konik tüp içine doku transferi. 250 ml ile ses getirM199 yıkama solüsyonu HA ile desteklenmiş ve örnekleme için hazırlamak. </li><li> Bir pipet yardımıyla 1 ml örnek alın ve önceden 9 ml yıkama solüsyonu ile dolu bir 15 ml konik tüp ekleyin. Daha sonra bir ızgara sayma çanak içine doğrudan 1ml dışarı yavaşça tersine 15 ml konik tüp ve bu örnek karıştırın. Hücre sayımı ve seyreltme faktörü 2500 (10x250) kullanarak hücre sayısını hesaplamak. </li><li> 250 ml konik tüp Spin ve UW (Wisconsin Üniversitesi) genellikle organ korunması için kullanmak Çözüm 150 ml. UW eklendiğinde, pipet kullanarak hücre süspansiyonu iyice karıştırın. UW başlangıç ​​zamanını kaydedin ve arıtma operatörü iletişim. Buz ve bazen girdap tüp (ler) bırakın. Şimdi adacıklar arındırılmalıdır. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Shapiro, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+transplantation+in+seven+patients+with+type+1+diabetes+mellitus+using+a+glucocorticoid-free+immunosuppressive+regimen.">Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen.</a> N Engl J Med. 343, 230-238 (2000).</li><li>Nano, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+isolation+for+allotransplantation:+variables+associated+with+successful+islet+yield+and+graft+function.">Islet isolation for allotransplantation: variables associated with successful islet yield and graft function.</a> Diabetologia. 48, 906-912 (2005).</li><li>Barbaro, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+human+pancreatic+islet+purification+with+the+refined+UIC-UB+density+gradient.">Improved human pancreatic islet purification with the refined UIC-UB density gradient.</a> Transplantation. 84, 1200-1203 (2007).</li><li>Lakey, J. R., Rajotte, R. V., Warnock, G. L., Kneteman, N. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+pancreas+preservation+prior+to+islet+isolation.+Cold+ischemic+tolerance.">Human pancreas preservation prior to islet isolation. Cold ischemic tolerance.</a> Transplantation. 59, 689-694 (1995).</li><li>Fridell, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate+solution+and+University+of+Wisconsin+solution+for+organ+preservation+in+clinical+pancreas+transplantation.">Comparison of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution and University of Wisconsin solution for organ preservation in clinical pancreas transplantation.</a> Transplantation. 77, 1304-1306 (2004).</li><li>Potdar, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initial+experience+using+histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate+solution+in+clinical+pancreas+transplantation.">Initial experience using histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution in clinical pancreas transplantation.</a> Clin Transplant. 18, 661-665 (2004).</li><li>Salehi, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+islet+isolation+outcomes+from+pancreata+preserved+with+Histidine-Tryptophan+Ketoglutarate+versus+University+of+Wisconsin+solution.">Human islet isolation outcomes from pancreata preserved with Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate versus University of Wisconsin solution.</a> Transplantation. 82, 983-985 (2006).</li><li>Ricordi, C., Lacy, P. E., Scharp, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Automated+islet+isolation+from+human+pancreas.">Automated islet isolation from human pancreas.</a> Diabetes. 38, 140-142 (1989).</li><li>Hanley, S. C., Paraskevas, S., Rosenberg, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Donor+and+isolation+variables+predicting+human+islet+isolation+success.">Donor and isolation variables predicting human islet isolation success.</a> Transplantation. 85, 950-955 (2008).</li><li>Toso, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+affecting+human+islet+of+Langerhans+isolation+yields.">Factors affecting human islet of Langerhans isolation yields.</a> Transplant Proc. 34, 826-827 (2002).</li></ol>

Izolasyon sonucu 9,10 etkileyen çeşitli faktörler vardır. Bunların arasında, pankreas dokusu sindirim önemli bir rol oynar. Kendi insan adacık izolasyon deneyimine dayanarak, potansiyel adacık verim ve kaliteyi etkileyebilecek kritik noktaları, aşağıda özetlenmiştir. <ol><li> Enzimlerin farklı türleri kullanılmaktadır sindirim süresi farklı. </li><li> En kısa sürede% 40-50 olarak asiner doku tamamen ayrılmış adacıklar, sindirim seyreltme çözüm ekleyerek ve doku soğuma derhal durdurulma...

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Ice Slush Machine</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Taylor Company</td>
<td>K4036546</td>
<td>make sterile ice</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Centrifuge</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
<td>424803</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MZ6 Inverted Microscopy TLBD4.1</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Leica Diagnostic Instrument Co</td>
<td>4103</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cell Culture Dish with 2 mm Grid</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Nunc Brand Products</td>
<td>174926</td>
<td>islet counting</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Digital Water Bath EX7</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>NesLab</td>
<td>105361058</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Thermometer</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>IBI:IR</td>
<td>60444</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>MonoBloc Balance AB 104-S</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Metler Toledo</td>
<td>1119430864</td>
<td>measure pancreas weight</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MasterFlex II Speed Controller</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Cole Parmer Instrument Co</td>
<td>J00006445</td>
<td>adjust flow speed during degestion</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Digital Sight DS L1</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Nikon</td>
<td>217267</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Perfusion Unit</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Custom Made/Swiss</td>
<td>n/a</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cooler for perfusion unit</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>3013P</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ricordi Chamber</td>
<td>equipment</td>
<td>University of Miami</td>
<td>n/a</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>RPMI dilution solution</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>Mediatech Inc</td>
<td>99783024</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>University of Wisconcin (UW) solution</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>DURAMED</td>
<td>1000-46-06</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hank's Buffered Salt Solution (HBSS)</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>Mediatech Inc</td>
<td>99-597-CM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>25% Human Albumin</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>GRIFOLS</td>
<td>NDC 61953-0002-2</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>M199 media (wash solution)</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>Mediatech Inc</td>
<td>99-784-CM</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Collagenase NB1 GMP grade</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>SERVA Electrophoresis</td>
<td>N0002937</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Neutral Protease NB1 GMP grade</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>SERVA Electrophoresis</td>
<td>N0002936</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Betadine</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>Cardinal Health</td>
<td>29906-004</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Cefazolin</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>West-Ward Pharmaceutical</td>
<td>NDC 0143-9924-90</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Dithizone</td>
<td>reagent</td>
<td>Sigma </td>
<td>D5130</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

human pancreatic islet isolation: part i: digestion and collection of pancreatic tissue

Tip 1 diyabet Yönetimi, yıl içinde 100 milyar dolar maliyet, hem birey ve toplum, külfetli. Glikoz izleme ve yeni insülin formülasyonları yaygın kullanımına rağmen birçok kişi hala yıkıcı ikincil komplikasyonlar gelişir. Pankreas adacık nakli, diyabetik hastalarda normal glukoz kontrolü yakın geri yükleyebilirsiniz<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;, Yoğun insülin tedavisi ile ilişkili ciddi hipoglisemik atakların riski olmadan. Başarılı adacık nakli için yeterli adacık kitle sağlanması önemlidir. Ancak, donör özelliği, organ alımı ve korunması, izolasyon sonucunu etkileyebilecek<sup&gt; 2</sup&gt;. University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) geliştirilmiş bir arıtma degrade başarılı bir izolasyon protokolü geliştirildi<sup&gt; 3</sup&gt;. Bu program, 2004 yılı Ocak ayında başlayan ve 300&#39;den fazla izolasyonların Kasım 2008&#39;de yapıldı. Pancreata (UW, Wisconsin veya HTK Üniversitesi, Histidin-Triptofan Ketoglutarate), soğuk muhafaza çözümleri gönderildi<sup&gt; 4-7</sup&gt; Hücre İzolasyonu Laboratuvar adacık izolasyonu için UIC. Pankreas adacık Ricordi tarafından tanımlanan yöntem değiştirilmiş bir versiyonu olan UIC yöntemi ile izole edildi<em&gt; Ve ark.</em&gt;<sup&gt; 8</sup&gt;. Kısaca, çevre doku pankreas temizlendikten sonra, enzim solüsyonu (Serva kollajenaz + Nötr Proteaz veya Sigma V enzim) ile perfüze edildi. Şişmiş pankreas Ricordi sindirim odasına transfer değiştirilmiş bir kapalı dolaşım tüp sistemine bağlı ve 37 ° C&#39;ye kadar ısındı. Sindirim sırasında, oda hafifçe sarsıldı. Örnekleri sindirim ilerlemeyi izlemek için sürekli olarak alınmıştır. Mikroskop altında ücretsiz adacıklar saptandı sonra, sindirim soğuk kızarma tarafından durduruldu (4 ° C) enzim sulandırmak için dolaşım sistemi içine RPMI seyreltme çözeltisi (Mediatech, Herndon, VA). Doku, insan albumini ile desteklenmiş M199 medya toplanır ve yıkandıktan sonra, ön arıtma sayımı için örnek ve arıtma önce UW solüsyonu ile inkübe edildi. İnsan Islets saflaştırılması ve Kültür: Arınma süreci Bölüm II açıklanacaktır.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue at JoVE.com

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue

, Yüksek kalite ve insan adacıklar uygun miktarda sağlamak başarılı bir adacık nakli için önemli önkoşullar biridir. Bu video, adım adım tarif insan pankreas adacık izolasyonu için prosedürler: değiştirilmiş bir otomatik yöntemi kullanılarak (bölüm I sindirim ve pankreas dokusu toplanması).

İnsan Pankreas Adacık İzolasyonu: Bölüm I: Sindirim ve Pankreas Doku Koleksiyon

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of ...

human-pancreatic-islet-isolation-part-i-digestion-collection

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

19.2K Görüntüleme.  University of Illinois, Chicago. , Yüksek kalite ve insan adacıklar uygun miktarda sağlamak başarılı bir adacık nakli için önemli önkoşullar biridir. Bu video, adım adım tarif insan pankreas adacık izolasyonu için prosedürler: değiştirilmiş bir otomatik yöntemi kullanılarak (bölüm I sindirim ve pankreas dokusu toplanması).

Video: Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue

Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation

Murin Pankreas Adacık İzolasyonu

Biyoloji

Human Pancreatic Islet Isolation: Part II: Purification and Culture of Human Islets

Management of Type 1 diabetes is burdensome, both to the individual and society, costing over 100 billion dollars annually. Despite the widespread use of glucose monitoring and new insulin formulations, many individuals still develop devastating secondary complications. Pancreatic islet transplantation can restore near normal glucose control in diabetic patients 1, without the risk of serious hypoglycemic episodes that are associated with intensive insulin therapy. Providing sufficient islet mass is important for successful islet transplantation. However, donor characteristics, organ procurement and preservation affect the isolation outcome 2. At University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) we developed a successful isolation protocol with an improved purification gradient 3. The program started in January 2004 and more than 300 isolations were performed up to November 2008. The pancreata were sent in cold preservation solutions (UW, University of Wisconsin or HTK, Histidine-Tryptophan Ketoglutarate) 4-7 to the Cell Isolation Laboratory at UIC for islet isolation. Pancreatic islets were isolated using the UIC method, which is a modified version of the method originally described by Ricordi et al 8. As described in Part I: Digestion and Collection of Pancreatic Tissue, human pancreas was trimmed, cannulated, perfused, and digested. After collection and at least 30 minutes of incubation in UW solution, the tissue was loaded in the cell separator (COBE 2991, Cobe, Lakewood, CO) for purification 3. Following purification, islet yield (expressed as islet equivalents, IEQ), tissue volume, and purity was determined according to standard methods 9. Isolated islets were cultured in CMRL-1066 media (Mediatech, Herndon, VA), supplemented with 1.5% human albumin, 0.1% insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS), 1 ml of Ciprofloxacin, 5 ml o f 1M HEPES, and 14.5 ml of 7.5% Sodium Bicarbonate in T175 flasks at 37&deg;C overnight culture before islets were transplanted or used for research.

Achieving high quality and appropriate quantity of human islets is one of the prominent prerequisites for successful islet transplantation. In this video, we describe step by step the procedures for human pancreatic islet isolation (part II: purification and culture of human islets) using a modified automated method.

İnsan Pankreas Adacık İzolasyonu: Bölüm II: İnsan Islets saflaştırılması ve Kültür

Isolation of Stem Cells from Human Pancreatic Cancer Xenografts

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal and produce differentiated progeny1. These properties allow CSCs to recapitulate the original tumor when injected into immunocompromised mice. CSCs within an epithelial malignancy were first described in breast cancer and found to display specific cell surface antigen expression (CD44+CD24low/-)2. Since then, CSCs have been identified in an increasing number of other human malignancies using CD44 and CD24 as well as a number of other surface antigens. Physiologic properties, including aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, have also been used to isolate CSCs from malignant tissues3-5.
Recently, we and others identified CSCs from pancreatic adenocarcinoma based on
ALDH activity and the expression of the cell surface antigens CD44 and CD24, and CD1336-8. These highly tumorigenic populations may or may not be overlapping and display other functions. We found that ALDH+ and CD44+CD24+ pancreatic CSCs are similarly tumorigenic, but ALDH+ cells are relatively more invasive8. In this protocol we describe a method to isolate viable pancreatic CSCs from low-passage human
xenografts9. Xenografted tumors are harvested from mice and made into a single-cell suspension. Tissue debris and dead cells are separated from live cells and then stained using antibodies against CD44 and CD24 and using the ALDEFLUOR reagent,
a fluorescent substrate of ALDH10. CSCs are then isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Isolated CSCs can then be used for analytical or functional assays requiring viable cells.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a number of malignancies. In this protocol we describe a flow cytometric method utilizing aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and CD44 and CD24 expression to isolate CSCs from human pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenografts. These viable cells can then be used in functional and analytical studies.

İnsan Pankreas Kanseri Xenografts Kök Hücre İzolasyonu

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in a growing number of malignancies and are functionally defined by their ability to undergo self-renewal ...

Computer-assisted Large-scale Visualization and Quantification of Pancreatic Islet Mass, Size Distribution and Architecture

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), and delta-cells (somatostatin) that are embedded in the exocrine tissues and comprise 1-2% of the entire pancreas. There is a close correlation between body and pancreas weight. Total beta-cell mass also increases proportionately to compensate for the demand for insulin in the body. What escapes this proportionate expansion is the size distribution of islets. Large animals such as humans share similar islet size distributions with mice, suggesting that this micro-organ has a certain size limit to be functional. The inability of large animal pancreata to generate proportionately larger islets is compensated for by an increase in the number of islets and by an increase in the proportion of larger islets in their overall islet size distribution. Furthermore, islets exhibit a striking plasticity in cellular composition and architecture among different species and also within the same species under various pathophysiological conditions. In the present study, we describe novel approaches for the analysis of biological image data in order to facilitate the automation of analytic processes, which allow for the analysis of large and heterogeneous data collections in the study of such dynamic biological processes and complex structures. Such studies have been hampered due to technical difficulties of unbiased sampling and generating large-scale data sets to precisely capture the complexity of biological processes of islet biology. Here we show methods to collect unbiased "representative" data within the limited availability of samples (or to minimize the sample collection) and the standard experimental settings, and to precisely analyze the complex three-dimensional structure of the islet. Computer-assisted automation allows for the collection and analysis of large-scale data sets and also assures unbiased interpretation of the data. Furthermore, the precise quantification of islet size distribution and spatial coordinates (i.e. X, Y, Z-positions) not only leads to an accurate visualization of pancreatic islet structure and composition, but also allows us to identify patterns during development and adaptation to altering conditions through mathematical modeling. The methods developed in this study are applicable to studies of many other systems and organisms as well.

Novel computer-assisted methods of large-scale procurement and analysis of immunohistochemically stained pancreatic specimens are described: (1) Virtual Slice capture of the entire section; (2) Mass analysis of large-scale data; (3) Reconstruction of 2D Virtual Slices; (4) 3D islet mapping; and (5) Mathematical analysis.

Bilgisayar destekli Büyük ölçekli Görselleştirme ve Pankreas Adacık Kütle, Boyut Dağılımı ve Mimarlık Niceleme

The pancreatic islet is a unique micro-organ composed of several hormone secreting endocrine cells such as beta-cells (insulin), alpha-cells (glucagon), ...

A Method for Mouse Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Intracellular cAMP Determination

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, both immune-mediated type 1 and obesity-linked type 2, studies aimed at delineating diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic mechanisms are of critical importance. The &#946;-cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are responsible for appropriately secreting insulin in response to elevated blood glucose concentrations. In addition to glucose and other nutrients, the &#946;-cells are also stimulated by specific hormones, termed incretins, which are secreted from the gut in response to a meal and act on &#946;-cell receptors that increase the production of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Decreased &#946;-cell function, mass, and incretin responsiveness are well-understood to contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and are also being increasingly linked with type 1 diabetes. The present mouse islet isolation and cAMP determination protocol can be a tool to help delineate mechanisms promoting disease progression and therapeutic interventions, particularly those that are mediated by the incretin receptors or related receptors that act through modulation of intracellular cAMP production. While only cAMP measurements will be described, the described islet isolation protocol creates a clean preparation that also allows for many other downstream applications, including glucose stimulated insulin secretion, [3H]-thymidine incorporation, protein abundance, and mRNA expression.

Assaying in vitro &#946;-cell function using isolated mouse islets of Langerhans is an important component in the study of diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutics. While many&#160;downstream applications are available, this protocol specifically describes the measurement of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as an essential parameter determining &#946;-cell function.

Fare Pankreas Adacık İzolasyonu ve hücre içi cAMP Belirlenmesi için Bir Yöntem

Uncontrolled glycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus and promotes morbidities like neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. With the increasing ...

Isolation and Culture of Mouse Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one week. More than 20 x 106 acinar cells can be obtained from a single murine pancreas. This protocol offers the possibility to independently process as many as 10 pancreases in parallel. Because it preserves acinar architecture, this model is well suited for studying the physiology of the exocrine pancreas in vitro in contrast to cell lines established from pancreatic tumors, which display many genetic alterations resulting in partial or total loss of their acinar differentiation.

In this publication, we describe a rapid and convenient procedure for isolating and culturing primary pancreatic acinar cells from the murine pancreas. This method constitutes a valuable approach to study the physiology of fresh primary normal/untransformed exocrine pancreatic cells.

Fare Primer Pankreas Asiner Hücreleri İzolasyon ve Kültür

This protocol permits rapid isolation (in less than 1 hr) of murine pancreatic acini, making it possible to maintain them in culture for more than one ...

A Simple High Efficiency Protocol for Pancreatic Islet Isolation from Mice

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other important biological functions. The islets primarily consist of five types of hormone-secreting cells: &#945; cells secrete glucagon, &#946; cells secrete insulin, &#948; cells secrete somatostatin, &#949; cells secrete ghrelin, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide. Sixty to 80% of the cells in the islets are &#946; cells, which are the most important cell population to study insulin secretion. Pancreatic islets are a crucial model system to study ex vivo insulin secretion. Acquiring high quality islets is of great importance for diabetes research. Most islet isolation procedures require technically difficult to access site of collagenase injection, harsh and complex digestion procedures, and multiple density gradient purification steps. This paper features a simple high yield mouse islet isolation method with detailed descriptions and realistic demonstrations, showing the following specific steps: 1) injection of collagenase P at the ampulla of Vater, a small area joining the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct, 2) enzymatic digestion and mechanical separation of the exocrine pancreas, and 3) a single gradient purification step. The advantages of this method are the injection of digestive enzyme using the more accessible ampulla of Vater, more complete digestion using combination of enzymatic and mechanical approaches, and a simpler single gradient purification step. This protocol produces approximately 250&#8212;350 islets per mouse; and islets are suitable for various ex vivo studies. Possible caveats of this procedure are potentially damaged islets due to enzymatic digestion and/or prolonged gradient incubation, all of which can be largely avoided by careful ad justification of incubation time.

This islet isolation protocol described a novel route of collagenase injection to digest the exocrine tissue and a simplified gradient procedure to purify the islets from mice. It involves enzymatic digestion, gradient separation/purification, and islet hand-picking. Successful isolation can yield 250&#8211;350 high quality and fully functional islets per mouse.

Farelerden Pankreas Adacık İzolasyon için Basit Bir Yüksek Verimlilik Protokolü

Pancreatic islets, also called the Islets of Langerhans, are a cluster of endocrine cells which produces hormones for glucose regulation and other ...

Pancreatic Islet Embedding for Paraffin Sections

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a mixed cell population in a structured architecture that impacts function, and human islets are widely variable in cell type composition. Current frequently used methods to study cultured islets include molecular studies performed on whole islets, lumping disparate islet cell types together, or microscopy or molecular studies on dispersed islet cells, disrupting islet architecture. For in vivo islet studies, paraffin-embedded pancreas sectioning is a powerful technique to assess cell-specific outcomes in the native pancreatic environment. Studying post-culture islets by paraffin sectioning would offer several advantages: detection of multiple outcomes on the same islets (potentially even the exact-same islets, using serial sections), cell-type-specific measurements, and maintaining native islet cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions both during experimental exposure and for analysis. However, existing techniques for embedding isolated islets post-culture are inefficient, time consuming, prone to loss of material, and generally produce sections with inadequate islet numbers to be useful for quantifying outcomes. Clinical pathology laboratory cell block preparation facilities are inaccessible and impractical for basic research laboratories. We have developed an improved, simplified bench-top method that generates sections with robust yield and distribution of islets. Fixed islets are resuspended in warm histological agarose gel and pipetted into a flat disc on a standard glass slide, such that the islets are distributed in a plane. After standard dehydration and embedding, multiple (10+) 4 - 5 &#181;m sections can be cut from the same islet block. Using this method, histological&#160;and immunofluorescent analyses can be performed on mouse, rat, and human islets. This is an effective, inexpensive, time-saving approach to assess cell-type-specific, intact-architecture outcomes from cultured islets.

Ex vivo pancreatic islet studies are important for diabetes research. Existing techniques to study cultured islets in their native 3-dimensional architecture are time consuming, inefficient, and infrequently used. This work describes a new, simple, and efficient method for generating high-quality paraffin sections of whole cultured islets.

Pankreas adacık parafin kesitler için katıştırma

Experiments using isolated pancreatic islets are important for diabetes research, but islets are expensive and of limited abundance. Islets contain a ...

Imaging Calcium Dynamics in Subpopulations of Mouse Pancreatic Islet Cells

Pancreatic islet hormones regulate blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in blood glucose induce oscillations of cytosolic calcium in pancreatic islet cells that trigger secretion of three main hormones: insulin (from &#946;-cells), glucagon (&#945;-cells) and somatostatin (&#948;-cells). &#946;-Cells, which make up the majority of islet cells and are electrically coupled to each other, respond to the glucose stimulus as one single entity. The excitability of the minor subpopulations, &#945;-cells and &#948;-cells (making up around 20% (30%) and 4% (10%) of the total rodent1 (human2) islet cell numbers, respectively) is less predictable and is therefore of special interest.
Calcium sensors are delivered into the peripheral layer of cells within the isolated islet. The islet or a group of islets is then immobilized and imaged using a fluorescence microscope. The choice of the imaging mode is between higher throughput (wide-field) and better spatial resolution (confocal). Conventionally, laser scanning confocal microscopy is used for imaging tissue, as it provides the best separation of the signal between the neighboring cells. A wide-field system can be utilized too, if the contaminating signal from the dominating population of &#946;-cells is minimized.
Once calcium dynamics in response to specific stimuli have been recorded, data are expressed in numerical form as fluorescence intensity vs. time, normalized to the initial fluorescence and baseline-corrected, to remove the effects linked to bleaching of the fluorophore. Changes in the spike frequency or partial area under the curve (pAUC) are computed vs. time, to quantify the observed effects. pAUC is more sensitive and quite robust whereas spiking frequency provides more information on the mechanism of calcium increase.
Minor cell subpopulations can be identified using functional responses to marker compounds, such as adrenaline and ghrelin, that induce changes in cytosolic calcium in a specific populations of islet cells.

Here, we present a protocol for imaging and quantifying calcium dynamics in heterogeneous cell populations, such as pancreatic islet cells. Fluorescent reporters are delivered into the peripheral layer of cells within the islet, which is then immobilized and imaged, and per-cell analysis of the dynamics of fluorescence intensity is performed.

Fare Pankreas Adacık Hücrelerinin Alt Popülasyonlarında Görüntüleme Kalsiyum Dinamiği

Pancreatic islet hormones regulate blood glucose homeostasis. Changes in blood glucose induce oscillations of cytosolic calcium in pancreatic islet cells ...

İnsan Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerinin Pankreas β Hücrelerine Farklılaşması

Optimized Protocol for Generating Functional Pancreatic Insulin-secreting Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can differentiate into any kind of cell, making them an excellent alternative source of human pancreatic &#946;-cells. hPSCs can either be embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the blastocyst or induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs) generated directly from somatic cells using a reprogramming process. Here a video-based protocol is presented to outline the optimal culture and passage conditions for hPSCs, prior to their differentiation and subsequent generation of insulin-producing pancreatic cells. This methodology follows the six-stage process for &#946;-cell directed differentiation, wherein hPSCs differentiate into definitive endoderm (DE), primitive gut tube, posterior foregut fate, pancreatic progenitors, pancreatic endocrine progenitors, and ultimately pancreatic &#946;-cells. It is noteworthy that this differentiation methodology takes a period of 27 days to generate human pancreatic &#946;-cells. The potential of insulin secretion was evaluated through two experiments, which included immunostaining and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

Yazar Spotlight: Pluripotent Kök Hücrelerden β Hücrelerinin Farklılaşmasındaki Gelişmeler ve Zorluklar

This article presents a protocol for directed differentiation and functional analysis of &#946;-cell like cells. We describe optimal culture conditions and passages for human pluripotent stem cells before generating insulin-producing pancreatic cells. The six-stage differentiation progresses from definitive endoderm formation to functional &#946;-cell like cells secreting insulin in response to glucose.

Methods Article

İnsan Pankreas Adacık İzolasyonu: Bölüm I: Sindirim ve Pankreas Doku Koleksiyon