Name: state of the art cranial ultrasound imaging in neonates
Uploaded: 2015-02-02T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 10 min 2 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates at JoVE.com

We thank the nurses (appearing on film) for supporting the neonates. 
We thank J. Hagoort, MA, linguist, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children&#8217;s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, for reading and correcting the manuscript.

NOT: Bu protokol yerel insan araştırma etik komitesi kuralları izler. 1. Genel Hususlar NOT: teçhizat, veri depolama ve güvenlik ile ilgili genel hususlar Tartışma ele alınmaktadır. <ol><li> Frekanslarda (Tartışma) bir bant ile birden dönüştürücüler ile yüksek-çözünürlüklü, gerçek zamanlı, mobil 2D ultrason makinesi kullanarak görüntüleri edinin. Tipik haliyle, 7,5-8,5 MHz frekansında bir sonda kullanılarak iyi kalitede görüntüler elde edilir. </li></ol> CUS Sınav 2. Hazırlık <ol><li> Böyle kan örneklemesi gibi diğer prosedürler ile örtüşmemektedir böylece CUS muayene programlayın. </li><li> Böyle Yenidoğan Bireyselleştirilmiş Gelişimsel Bakım ve Değerlendirme Programı 6 esaslarına göre bu gibi stratejileri kullanarak, muayene sırasında yenidoğan bir sağlık çalışanı veya bir ebeveyn desteklemek için kullanılabilir olduğundan emin olun ve / veya konfor &lt;/ Sup&gt;. </li></ol> Ön Fontanel sayesinde 3. Sınav <ol><li> Inkübatör veya karyolası boyunca ultrason makinesi takın. </li><li> Prob ve deri arasında iyi bir temas sağlamak için sondaya dönüştürücü jel uygulanır. Kullanmadan önce jel ısınma düşünün. </li><li> B-modda bir konveks prob ile ön fontanel yoluyla görüntüleme başlatın. Yenidoğanın sağ tarafına döndü prob üzerine işaretleyici ile fontanel ortasında probu yerleştirin. Beynin sol tarafı, sonra monitörün sağ tarafında görüntülenir. Not: Fontanel aracılığıyla görüntüleme herhangi bir pozisyonda 3 içinde yeni doğmuş ile yapılabilir. Araştırma amaçlı standart bir baş pozisyonu için çaba gerekebilir. <ol><li> En az koronal beş ve beş sagital planlarda Kayıt görüntüleri. İlk görüntüde kranial hatlarını içeren, sektörün dolum bir görüntü üretmek için derinlik, kazanç ve kazanç zaman tazminat ayarlarını önlemekçok parlak veya karanlık görüntüler ing ve yakın ve derin yapılardan yansımalar arasında bir denge hedefliyor. </li><li> Koronal uçaklar NOT: mükemmel simetrik görüntüler elde etmeye çalışın. Frontal lob konveksite yakın lezyonlar şüpheli zaman bir yarımküre daha detaylı (Şekil 1) görüntülenir, böylece, belirli eğik koronal bölümleri kayıt düşünün. <ol><li> Koronal prefrontal görüntü için, açı prob ileri koku sulkuslar düzeyinde, lateral ventriküllerin frontal boynuzları anterior frontal lobları görselleştirmek için. </li><li> Monro düzeyinde, açı lateral ventriküller, cavum septi pellucidi, korpus kallosum, sulcus cingulinin ön boynuzları tasvir tela choroidea koronal bölümü anterior görselleştirmek için prob ile koronal görüntü için. Bazal ganglionlar parçaları ekojenisitesini unutmayın. </li><li> Talamus düzeyinde koronal görüntü için, açı prob geriye geç tanımlamak içinral çatlaklar, üçüncü ventrikül ve temporal lob çatı tela choroidea. Bazal ganglionlar ilgili talamus (özellikle ventrolateral çekirdekler) ekojenisitesini unutmayın. Pulvinar bu ağ hasarı sadece kulakçık önünde ek bir koronal bölümünde görüntülenmiştir tabi olabilir. </li><li> Kulakçıklar düzeyinde koronal görüntü için, koroid pleksus düzeyinde yanal ventrikülleri görselleştirmek. Temporal ve serebellar hemisferlerin belirleyin. Koroid pleksus göre periventriküler beyaz cevher ekojenisitesini unutmayın. Prematüre bebeklerde kulakçıklar yukarıda ve yanal, normal hiperekojen alanlar ile optik radyasyon karşılaştırın. </li><li> Koronal Paryetooksipital görüntü için, Paryetooksipital sulkusun seviyesine prob geriye açı parietal ve oksipital loblar tanımlamak için. </li></ol></li><li> Sagital uçaklar <ol><li> Yenidoğan yüzüne dönük prob üzerindeki işaretleyici ile sonda 90 ° döndürün. ThBeynin e ön kısmı monitörün sol tarafında görüntülenir. Aşağıdaki yapılardan seviyesinde kayıt görüntü (Şekil 2). </li><li> Midsagittal görüntü için, korpus kallosum, cavum septi pellucidi (CSP), üçüncü ve dördüncü ventrikül, vermis, sisterna magna, pons ve mesencephalon görselleştirmek. 7 interpositi Cavum Vergae varlığı ve Cavum veli edin. </li><li> Bir gangliothalamic oval aracılığıyla parasagital görüntünün (örneğin, sağ) için, lateral ventrikül içinden bir Parasagital görünüm için prob yana açısı. Koroid pleksus belirleyin ve talamus ve bazal ganglionlar ekojenisitesini not. Parasagital uçakları için taranan yan uygun metin araçları ile belirtilmelidir. </li><li> Insula ile Parasagital ada görüntü, açı sonda ayrıca yanal için. Yanal fissür ve verir ön, temporal-, parietal- ve oksipital lob belirleyin. </li><li> T tekrarlayın Parasagital görüntüleriO karşı tarafı (yani, sol). </li></ol></li><li> Renkli Doppler <ol><li> Renkli Doppler kullanarak konveks prob ile ön fontanel yoluyla görüntüleme devam edin. Serebral arter ve venlerin akış hızlarını değerlendirerek ve türetilmiş endeksleri elde düşünün. NOT: - diyastol sonu hız / pik sistolik hız Dirençli indeksi (RI) zirve sistolik hızı olarak tanımlanır. RI açı bağımsız, mutlak hız değerleri 8-10 değildir. RI farklı çaptaki arterlerde benzer değildir. Aynı kabın aynı yerde yapılan, seri ölçümler sadece yararlıdır. </li></ol></li><li> Aşağıdaki gemiler (Şekil 3) koronal düzlemlerde Kayıt görüntüleri: <ol><li> Beyincik düzeyinde enine sinüsleri gözünüzde canlandırın. Sadece bir ya da hiçbiri enine sinüsler görüntülenmiştir ise, darbe tekrarlama frekansı (PRF) düşürücü deneyin. Hala sadece bir veya enine sinüslerin hiçbiri daha sonra iseön fontanel ile tespit edilebilir, mastoid fontanel ile görselleştirme için yüksek frekanslı lineer prob kullanın (bölüm 4.4.2 bakınız). </li><li> Internal karotid arterlerin, orta serebral arterler ile Willis çemberi görselleştirmek ve lateral ventriküllerin frontal boynuzları düzeyinde serebral arterler anterior. Sol ve sağ ön serebral arterleri ayırt genellikle zordur, ama genellikle gereksizdir. Arterlerin striyatal Candelabra belirleyin. </li><li> Açı probu geriye komşu boyun damarları ile baziler arter görselleştirmek için. </li><li> Daha geriye Açı iç serebral ve thalamostriate damarları görselleştirmek için. </li></ol></li><li> Bir anterior serebral arter (Şekil 4) sagittal düzlemde bir görüntü kaydetmek. (Genellikle korpus kallosum genu altında) bu geminin belirli bir kısmında akış hızı ve RI değerlendirin. Yakın internal serebral ven orta hat hızları olabilirHemen ölçülebilen. </li><li> Ön fontanel bir koronal düzlemde bir yüksek frekanslı lineer prob kullanarak, üstün sagital sinüs tespit. Bu başarısız olursa, fontanel prob ile uygulanan basınç miktarını azaltır. NOT: Doğrusal prob yüzeysel yapıların (meninkslerin, araknoid ve subdural, korteks) ayrıntılı görüntülenmesi için kullanılabilir. Teğet gemiler subaraknoid vardır. İdeal olarak, daha önceki adımlarda açıklandığı gibi Doppler görüntüleme yeni doğanın ilk CUS inceleme sırasında gerçekleştirilir. Takip muayenesi sırasında bazı adımlar atlanabilir. Şüphelenilen beyin sinovenöz tromboz Doppler durumda, kademe 3.3.5.1, 3.3.7 ve 4.4.2 yapılmalıdır hazırlanır. </li></ol></li></ol> Alternatif Akustik, Windows sayesinde 4. Sınav <ol><li> Sonraki alternatif akustik pencerelerden incelenmesine devam. </li><li> (Pos lambdoid ile görüntü kaydederken düşününposterior) dışbükey prob (Şekil 5) kullanarak bıngıldak. Posterior fontanel sagital ve lambdoid sütür 3,11 kavşağında yer almaktadır. Lateral dekübit pozisyonunda yenidoğan koyarak arka fontanel aracılığıyla Görüntü. NOT: tatmin edici görüntüler de yatar pozisyonda 3 bebek ile sagital sütür arka yönü ile elde edilebilir birçok prematüre bebeklerde. <ol><li> Sagittal görünüm için arka fontanel ortasında probu yerleştirin. Açı biraz orta hatta kapalı prob lateral ventrikül gövdesi ve oksipital korna tanımlamak için. Koronal görünümü elde etmek için prob yaklaşık 90 ° çevirin. Lateral ventriküllerin oksipital boynuzları belirleyin. </li></ol></li><li> (Şekil 6) kulağın üzerinde bir dışbükey veya lineer prob kullanılarak yanal (zamansal) pencereden görüntüleri kaydederken düşünün. <ol><li> Gerekirse, bir izin yanal pencereden görüntü eldebeyin sapı 12 ayrıntılı görünümü. Kulağın önünde yatay yukarıda ve biraz probu yerleştirin. Serebral pedinküller görüntülenmiştir kadar probu hareket ettirin. NOT: Diğer yapılar tespit edilebilir üçüncü ventrikül, su kemeri ve temporal lob vardır. Renkli Doppler kullanarak, Willis çemberi görüntülenebilir. </li></ol></li><li> Mastoid fontanel ile rekor görüntüleri (Şekil 7). Mastoid bıngıldak zamansal, parietal ve oksipital kemikler 4 kavşağında, kulağın arkasında yer alır. Lateral dekübit pozisyonunda 3 yenidoğan koyarak mastoid fontanel aracılığıyla Görüntü. NOT: mastoid fontanel aracılığıyla görüntüler elde edilir bizim tecrübelerimize göre, yenidoğan sık sık rahatsızlık belirtileri gösterir. Bu nedenle, bu fontanel ve diğer akustik pencerelerden görüntüleme sonra bunu iyi olurdu. Biz bu rahatsızlık pulslere işitsel tepki mekanizması neden olabilir varsayımındaRadyofrekans enerjisinin 13 es. <ol><li> Dışbükey prob kullanarak mastoid fontanel aracılığıyla Görüntü. Koronal görünümü elde etmek için kulak prob paralel yerleştirin. Serebellar hemisfer, vermis, üçüncü ve dördüncü ventrikül, pons ve sisterna magna tanımlamak için ileri ve geri probu Sweep. Küçük prematüre karşı serebellar hemisfer iyi tasvir edilebilir. </li><li> Lineer prob kullanılarak mastoid fontanel aracılığıyla Görüntü. (Biri) enine sinüsler ön fontanel ile tespit edilemiyorsa, mastoid fontanel ile görselleştirme için yüksek frekanslı lineer prob kullanın. Koronal görünümü elde etmek için Kulak memesi prob paralel yerleştirin. <ol><li> Serebellar yarımkürede ve dördüncü ventrikül belirleyin. Renkli Doppler kullanarak, enine ve sigmoid sinüs, sinüs tentoryal ve elçisi damarları tespit. </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Foramen magnum 14 ile posterior fossa ek görselleştirme düşünün. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Biz açıklamak ve neonatal Doppler KUS için bir state-of-the-art yaklaşımı göstermektedir. Deneyimli ellerde, bu güvenli, seri başucu neonatal beyin görüntüleme için mükemmel bir araçtır. Birçok NICU&#39;lere açıklanan olanakları en iyi şekilde kullanılmaz. Doppler çalışmaları ekleme intrakranial arterlerin ve venlerin açıklığının taranması için izin verir. Akış hızları değerlendirildi ve endeksleri elde edilebilir. Doppler CUS inme 2 önce tedavi müdahaleye imkan, sinü...

Since its clinical introduction in the late 1970&#8217;s cranial ultrasound (CUS) has been widely used for detecting congenital anomalies and acquired brain lesions during the neonatal period. In many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), CUS has become indispensable in the care for critically ill neonates. Major advantages are its relatively low cost and the fact that it can be performed at bedside, even when a patient is unstable. In addition it is radiation-free and allows for serial imaging. Another technique often used for neuroimaging in critically ill neonates is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI provides excellent image quality, but its clinical use in NICU&#8217;s is currently limited because of logistic and safety issues1. 
Over time, quality of CUS has drastically improved, with advancing technique leading to higher resolution, faster image processing and digital display and back-up. Important brain structures can be adequately visualized using optimal settings. Traditionally, images are obtained through the anterior fontanel. This approach is less suitable for evaluation of infratentorial structures because they are located far away from the transducer and the highly echoic tentorium impedes their assessment. Use of high-frequency linear transducers through alternative acoustic windows and adapted settings also provides access to these brain regions. Examples of these supplemental acoustic windows are the lambdoid (posterior), mastoid and lateral (temporal) fontanels. So far, however, only few NICUs use these additional acoustic windows routinely2-5. Doppler techniques can be used for screening patency of intracranial vessels. Flow velocities and indices in cerebral arteries can also be obtained. Some manufacturers now provide hardware to visualize flow around 2 cm/sec (Raets, et al., unpublished data). Small vessels are well displayed: medullary trunks and channels, subependymal veins tributing to the thalamostriate veins, and perforator arteries. 
We present our approach of neonatal CUS, focusing on the use of different transducers, multiple acoustic windows and Doppler techniques. Neonatologists and radiologists use this approach in daily clinical practice but is also suitable for research purposes. In the practical part of the video we demonstrate bedside use in the NICU.

<table><tbody><tr><td>MyLab 70</td><td>Esaote (Genoa, Italy)</td><td></td><td>Ultrasound system</td></tr></tbody></table>

state of the art cranial ultrasound imaging in neonates

Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is a reputable tool for brain imaging in critically ill neonates. It is safe, relatively cheap and easy to use, even when a patient is unstable. In addition it is radiation-free and allows serial imaging. CUS possibilities have steadily expanded. However, in many neonatal intensive care units, these possibilities are not optimally used. We present a comprehensive approach for neonatal CUS, focusing on optimal settings, different probes, multiple acoustic windows and Doppler techniques. This approach is suited for both routine clinical practice and research purposes. In a live demonstration, we show how this technique is performed in the neonatal intensive care unit. Using optimal settings and probes allows for better imaging quality and improves the diagnostic value of CUS in experienced hands. Traditionally, images are obtained through the anterior fontanel. Use of supplemental acoustic windows (lambdoid, mastoid, and lateral fontanels) improves detection of brain injury. Adding Doppler studies allows screening of patency of large intracranial arteries and veins. Flow velocities and indices can be obtained. Doppler CUS offers the possibility of detecting cerebral sinovenous thrombosis at an early stage, creating a window for therapeutic intervention prior to thrombosis-induced tissue damage. Equipment, data storage and safety aspects are also addressed.

7 - tarif edilen protokole göre görüntüleme örnekleri, Şekil 1 &#39;de sunulmaktadır. Görüntüler dikkatlice deneyimli bir gözlemci tarafından yorumlanması gerekir. Simetrik görüntüleme Fontanel (Şekil 1) ile yapılan koronal görüntülerin yeterli yorumlanması için gereklidir. Herhangi bir şüpheli lezyon ön fontanel başka bir akustik pencereden hem koronal ve (orta) sagital düzlemde veya görselleştirme tarafından görüntülenmiştir edilmeli...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates at JoVE.com

State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates

Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is a valuable tool for brain imaging in critically ill neonates. This video shows a comprehensive approach for neonatal (Doppler) CUS for both clinical and research purposes, including a bedside demonstration of the technique.

Yenidoğan Sanat Kranial Ultrason Görüntüleme Devlet

Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is a reputable tool for brain imaging in critically ill neonates. It is safe, relatively cheap and easy to use, even when a ...

state-of-the-art-cranial-ultrasound-imaging-in-neonates

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

24.1K Görüntüleme.  Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital. Cranial ultrasound (CUS) is a valuable tool for brain imaging in critically ill neonates. This video shows a comprehensive approach for neonatal (Doppler) CUS for both clinical and research purposes, including a bedside demonstration of the technique. 

Video: State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates

Contrast Imaging in Mouse Embryos Using High-frequency Ultrasound

Ultrasound contrast-enhanced imaging can convey essential quantitative information regarding tissue vascularity and perfusion and, in targeted applications, facilitate the detection and measure of vascular biomarkers at the molecular level. Within the mouse embryo, this noninvasive technique may be used to uncover basic mechanisms underlying vascular development in the early mouse circulatory system and in genetic models of cardiovascular disease. The mouse embryo also presents as an excellent model for studying the adhesion of microbubbles to angiogenic targets (including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) or &#945;v&#946;3) and for assessing the quantitative nature of molecular ultrasound. We therefore developed a method to introduce ultrasound contrast agents into the vasculature of living, isolated embryos. This allows freedom in terms of injection control and positioning, reproducibility of the imaging plane without obstruction and motion, and simplified image analysis and quantification. Late gestational stage (embryonic day (E)16.6 and E17.5) murine embryos were isolated from the uterus, gently exteriorized from the yolk sac and microbubble contrast agents were injected into veins accessible on the chorionic surface of the placental disc. Nonlinear contrast ultrasound imaging was then employed to collect a number of basic perfusion parameters (peak enhancement, wash-in rate and time to peak) and quantify targeted microbubble binding in an endoglin mouse model. We show the successful circulation of microbubbles within living embryos and the utility of this approach in characterizing embryonic vasculature and microbubble behavior.

Here, we present a protocol to inject ultrasound microbubble contrast agents into living, isolated late-gestation stage murine embryos. This method enables the study of perfusion parameters and of vascular molecular markers within the embryo using contrast-enhanced high-frequency ultrasound imaging.

Yüksek frekanslı Ultrason Kullanımı Fare Embriyolar Kontrast Görüntüleme

Ultrasound contrast-enhanced imaging can convey essential quantitative information regarding tissue vascularity and perfusion and, in targeted ...

Gelişim Biyolojisi

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both normal cardiovascular function and the pathophysiological basis of human cardiovascular disease. Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development 1-3. In order to study the role of genetic or pharmacologic alterations in the early development of cardiac function, ultrasound imaging of the live fetus has become an important tool for early recognition of abnormalities and longitudinal follow-up. Noninvasive ultrasound imaging is an ideal method for detecting and studying congenital malformations and the impact on cardiac function prior to death 4. It allows early recognition of abnormalities in the living fetus and the progression of disease can be followed in utero with longitudinal studies 5,6. Until recently, imaging of fetal mouse hearts frequently involved invasive methods. The fetus had to be sacrificed to perform magnetic resonance microscopy and electron microscopy or surgically delivered for transillumination microscopy. An application of high-frequency probes with conventional 2-D and pulsed-wave Doppler imaging has been shown to provide measurements of cardiac contraction and heart rates during embryonic development with databases of normal developmental changes now available 6-10. M-mode imaging further provides important functional data, although, the proper imaging planes are often difficult to obtain. High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the fetus has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on the early development of cardiac structures 11.

Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development. High-frequency ultrasound imaging has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on early cardiac development and is an ideal method to detect the impact on cardiac structure and function prior to death.

Mürin Fetal Ekokardiyografi

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in  cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding  the molecular mechanisms ...

Tıp

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound (30/45MHZ) System

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of childhood morbidity and early mortality. Prenatal detection&#160;of the underlying molecular mechanisms of CHDs is&#160;crucial for inventing new preventive and therapeutic strategies. Mutant mouse models are powerful tools to discover new&#160;mechanisms&#160;and environmental stress modifiers that drive cardiac development and their potential&#160;alteration in CHDs. However, efforts to establish the causality of these putative contributors have been limited to histological&#160;and molecular studies&#160;in non-survival animal experiments, in which&#160;monitoring the key physiological and hemodynamic parameters is&#160;often absent. Live imaging technology has become an essential tool to establish the&#160;etiology of CHDs. In particular,&#160;ultrasound imaging can be used prenatally without surgically exposing the fetuses,&#160;allowing maintaining&#160;their baseline physiology while monitoring the impact of environmental stress&#160;on the hemodynamic and structural aspects of cardiac chamber development. Herein, we use the High-Frequency Ultrasound (30/45)&#160;system to examine the cardiovascular system in fetal mice at E18.5 in utero at the baseline and in response to prenatal hypoxia exposure. We demonstrate the feasibility of the system to measure cardiac chamber size, morphology, ventricular function, fetal heart rate, and umbilical artery flow indices, and their alterations in fetal mice exposed to systemic chronic hypoxia in utero in real time.

Fetal Mouse Cardiovascular Imaging Using a High-frequency Ultrasound 30/45MHZ System

High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the fetal mouse has improved imaging resolution and can provide precise non-invasive characterization of cardiac development and structural defects. The protocol outlined herein is designed to perform real-time fetal mice echocardiography in vivo.

Fetal fare bir yüksek frekans ultrason (30/45 MHZ) sistemi kullanarak Imaging kardiyovasküler

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common cause of childhood morbidity and early mortality. Prenatal detection&#160;of the underlying molecular ...

Non-invasive Parenchymal, Vascular and Metabolic High-frequency Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Rat Deep Brain Imaging

Photoacoustics and high frequency ultrasound stands out as powerful tools for neurobiological applications enabling high-resolution imaging on the central nervous system of small animals. However, transdermal and transcranial neuroimaging is frequently affected by low sensitivity, image aberrations and loss of space resolution, requiring scalp or even skull removal before imaging. To overcome this challenge, a new protocol is presented to gain significant insights in brain hemodynamics by photoacoustic and high-frequency ultrasounds imaging with the animal skin and skull intact. The procedure relies on the passage of ultrasound (US) waves and laser directly through the fissures that are naturally present on the animal cranium. By juxtaposing the imaging transducer device exactly in correspondence to these selected areas where the skull has a reduced thickness or is totally absent, one can acquire high quality deep images and explore internal brain regions that are usually difficult to anatomically or functionally describe without an invasive approach. By applying this experimental procedure, significant data can be collected in both sonic and optoacoustic modalities, enabling to image the parenchymal and the vascular anatomy far below the head surface. Deep brain features such as parenchymal convolutions and fissures separating the lobes were clearly visible. Moreover, the configuration of large and small blood vessels was imaged at several millimeters of depth, and precise information were collected about blood fluxes, vascular stream velocities and the hemoglobin chemical state. This repertoire of data could be crucial in several research contests, ranging from brain vascular disease studies to experimental techniques involving the systemic administration of exogenous chemicals or other objects endowed with imaging contrast enhancement properties. In conclusion, thanks to the presented protocol, the US and PA techniques become an attractive noninvasive performance-competitive means for cortical and internal brain imaging, retaining a significant potential in many neurologic fields.

The present work describes a new protocol to perform non-invasive high-frequency ultrasound and photoacoustic based imaging on rat brain, to efficiently visualize deep subcortical regions and their vascular patterns by directing signals on skull foramina naturally present on animal cranium.

Non-invaziv parankim, Vasküler ve Metabolik Yüksek frekanslı ultrason ve foto akustik Sıçan Derin Beyin Görüntüleme

Photoacoustics and high frequency ultrasound stands out as powerful tools for neurobiological applications enabling high-resolution imaging on the central ...

Nörobilim

Real-Time Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy to Visualize Focused Ultrasound and Microbubble Treatments to Increase Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key challenge for the successful delivery of drugs to the brain. Ultrasound exposure in the presence of microbubbles has emerged as an effective method to transiently and locally increase the permeability of the BBB, facilitating para- and transcellular transport of drugs across the BBB. Imaging the vasculature during ultrasound-microbubble treatment will provide valuable and novel insights on the mechanisms and dynamics of ultrasound-microbubble treatments in the brain.
Here, we present an experimental procedure for intravital multiphoton microscopy using a cranial window aligned with a ring transducer and a 20x objective lens. This set-up enables high spatial and temporal resolution imaging of the brain during ultrasound-microbubble treatments. Optical access to the brain is obtained via an open-skull cranial window. Briefly, a 3-4 mm diameter piece of the skull is removed, and the exposed area of the brain is sealed with a glass coverslip. A 0.82 MHz ring transducer, which is attached to a second glass coverslip, is mounted on top. Agarose (1% w/v) is used between the coverslip of the transducer and the coverslip covering the cranial window to prevent air bubbles, which impede ultrasound propagation. When sterile surgery procedures and anti-inflammatory measures are taken, ultrasound-microbubble treatments and imaging sessions can be performed repeatedly over several weeks. Fluorescent dextran conjugates are injected intravenously to visualize the vasculature and quantify ultrasound-microbubble induced effects (e.g., leakage kinetics, vascular changes). This paper describes the cranial window placement, ring transducer placement, imaging procedure, common troubleshooting steps, as well as advantages and limitations of the method.

This protocol describes the surgical and technical procedures that enable real-time in vivo multiphoton fluorescence imaging of the rodent brain during focused ultrasound and microbubble treatments to increase blood-brain barrier permeability.

Kan-Beyin Bariyer Geçirgenliğini Artırmak için Odaklanmış Ultrason ve Mikrobubble Tedavilerini Görselleştirmek için Gerçek Zamanlı Intravital Multifotoğraf Mikroskopisi

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a key challenge for the successful delivery of drugs to the brain. Ultrasound exposure in the presence of microbubbles ...

Biyomühendislik

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging methods exist for examining the brain tissue of live newborn mammals. Herein we summarize a protocol for imaging individual cortical neurons in living neonatal mice. This protocol includes the following two methodologies: (1) the Supernova system for sparse and bright labeling of cortical neurons in the developing brain, and (2) a surgical procedure for the fragile neonatal skull. This protocol allows the observation of temporal changes of individual cortical neurites during neonatal stages with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Labeled cell-specific gene silencing and knockout can also be achieved by combining the Supernova with RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing systems. This protocol can, thus, be used for analyzing the developmental dynamics of cortical neurons, molecular mechanisms that control the neuronal dynamics, and changes in neuronal dynamics in disease models.

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Cortical Neurons in Neonatal Mice

We present an in vivo two-photon imaging protocol for imaging the cerebral cortex of neonatal mice. This method is suitable for analyzing the developmental dynamics of cortical neurons, the molecular mechanisms that control the neuronal dynamics, and the changes in neuronal dynamics in disease models.

Vivo Yenidoğan farelerde kortikal nöronların iki fotonlu görüntüleme

Two-photon imaging is a powerful tool for the in vivo analysis of neuronal circuits in the mammalian brain. However, a limited number of in vivo imaging ...

A High-Throughput Image-Guided Stereotactic Neuronavigation and Focused Ultrasound System for Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Rodents

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a major hurdle for the treatment of various brain diseases. Endothelial cells, connected by tight junctions, form a physiological barrier preventing large molecules (&#62;500 Da) from entering the brain tissue. Microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS) can be used to induce a transient local BBB opening, allowing larger drugs to enter the brain parenchyma.
In addition to large-scale clinical devices for clinical translation, preclinical research for therapy response assessment of drug candidates requires dedicated small animal ultrasound setups for targeted BBB opening. Preferably, these systems allow high-throughput workflows with both high-spatial precision as well as integrated cavitation monitoring, while still being cost effective in both initial investment and running costs.
Here, we present a bioluminescence and X-ray guided stereotactic small animal FUS system that is based on commercially available components and fulfills the aforementioned requirements. A particular emphasis has been placed on a high degree of automation facilitating the challenges typically encountered in high-volume preclinical drug evaluation studies. Examples of these challenges are the need for standardization in order to ensure data reproducibility, reduce intra-group variability, reduce sample size and thus comply with ethical requirements and decrease unnecessary workload. The proposed BBB system has been validated in the scope of BBB opening facilitated drug delivery trials on patient-derived xenograft models of glioblastoma multiforme and diffuse midline glioma.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be temporarily disrupted with microbubble-mediated focused ultrasound (FUS). Here, we describe a step-by-step protocol for high-throughput BBB opening in vivo using a modular FUS system accessible for non-ultrasound experts.

Kemirgenlerde Kan-Beyin Bariyeri Açıklığı için Yüksek Verimli Görüntü Destekli Stereotaktik Nöronavigasyon ve Odaklanmış Ultrason Sistemi

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been a major hurdle for the treatment of various brain diseases. Endothelial cells, connected by tight junctions, form a ...

Fare Yenidoğan Beyin Mikro-BT Tarama ve Görüntü İşleme

Micro-CT Imaging and Morphometric Analysis of Mouse Neonatal Brains

Neuroimages are a valuable tool for studying brain morphology in experiments using animal models. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the standard method for soft tissues, although its low spatial resolution poses some limits for small animals. Here, we describe a protocol for obtaining high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) information on mouse neonate brains and skulls using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The protocol includes those steps needed to dissect the samples, stain and scan the brain, and obtain morphometric measurements of the whole organ and regions of interest (ROIs). Image analysis includes the segmentation of structures and the digitization of point coordinates. In sum, this work shows that the combination of micro-CT and Lugol's solution as a contrast agent is a suitable alternative for imaging the perinatal brains of small animals. This imaging workflow has applications in developmental biology, biomedicine, and other sciences interested in assessing the effect of diverse genetic and environmental factors on brain development.

Yazar Spotlight: Fare Yenidoğan Beyinlerinin Yüksek Çözünürlüklü Görüntülenmesi - Lugol&#39;un Solüsyon Kontrast Maddesi ile Bir Mikro-BT Protokolü

This study describes the steps for obtaining high-resolution images of neonatal mouse brains by combining micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and a contrast agent in ex vivo samples. We describe basic morphometric analyses to quantify brain size and shape in these images.

Fare Yenidoğan Beyinlerinin Mikro-BT Görüntüleme ve Morfometrik Analizi

Neuroimages are a valuable tool for studying brain morphology in experiments using animal models. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the standard ...

Yenidoğan Sanat Kranial Ultrason Görüntüleme Devlet

Özet

Daha Fazla Video Keşfet

Bu videodaki bölümler

Yüksek frekanslı Ultrason Kullanımı Fare Embriyolar Kontrast Görüntüleme

Mürin Fetal Ekokardiyografi

Fetal fare bir yüksek frekans ultrason (30/45 MHZ) sistemi kullanarak Imaging kardiyovasküler

Non-invaziv parankim, Vasküler ve Metabolik Yüksek frekanslı ultrason ve foto akustik Sıçan Derin Beyin Görüntüleme

Kan-Beyin Bariyer Geçirgenliğini Artırmak için Odaklanmış Ultrason ve Mikrobubble Tedavilerini Görselleştirmek için Gerçek Zamanlı Intravital Multifotoğraf Mikroskopisi

Vivo Yenidoğan farelerde kortikal nöronların iki fotonlu görüntüleme

Kemirgenlerde Kan-Beyin Bariyeri Açıklığı için Yüksek Verimli Görüntü Destekli Stereotaktik Nöronavigasyon ve Odaklanmış Ultrason Sistemi

Fare Yenidoğan Beyinlerinin Mikro-BT Görüntüleme ve Morfometrik Analizi

Fare Yenidoğan Beyinlerinin Mikro-BT Görüntüleme ve Morfometrik Analizi

Fare Yenidoğan Beyinlerinin Mikro-BT Görüntüleme ve Morfometrik Analizi