<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Zebra Balığı T-ALL'de Hücre Proliferasyonu Boya Sıralaması Kullanılarak LSC Frekansının Tahmin Edilmesi

<ol>
	<li>Reya, T., Morrison, S. J., Clarke, M. F., Weissman, I. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells,+cancer,+and+cancer+stem+cells.">Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells.</a> Nature. 414 (6859), 105-111 (2001).</li><li>Arai, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tie2/angiopoietin-1+signaling+regulates+hematopoietic+stem+cell+quiescence+in+the+bone+marrow+niche.">Tie2/angiopoietin-1 signaling regulates hematopoietic stem cell quiescence in the bone marrow niche.</a> Cell. 118 (2), 149-161 (2004).</li><li>Li, L., Bhatia, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cell+quiescence.">Stem cell quiescence.</a> Clin. Cancer Res. 17 (15), 4936-4941 (2011).</li><li>Kreso, A., Dick, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+the+cancer+stem+cell+model.">Evolution of the cancer stem cell model.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 14 (3), 275-291 (2014).</li><li>Chen, W., Dong, J., Haiech, J., Kilhoffer, M. -. C., Zeniou, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+stem+cell+quiescence+and+plasticity+as+major+challenges+in+cancer+therapy.">Cancer stem cell quiescence and plasticity as major challenges in cancer therapy.</a> Stem Cells Int. 2016, 1740936 (2016).</li><li>Kleffel, S., Schatton, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumor+dormancy+and+cancer+stem+cells:+Two+sides+of+the+same+coin.">Tumor dormancy and cancer stem cells: Two sides of the same coin.</a> Adv Exp Med Biol. 734, 145-179 (2013).</li><li>Tuy, K., Rickenbacker, L., Hjelmeland, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reactive+oxygen+species+produced+by+altered+tumor+metabolism+impacts+cancer+stem+cell+maintenance.">Reactive oxygen species produced by altered tumor metabolism impacts cancer stem cell maintenance.</a> Redox Biol. 44, 101953 (2021).</li><li>Zhou, B. -. B. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour-initiating+cells:+Challenges+and+opportunities+for+anticancer+drug+discovery.">Tumour-initiating cells: Challenges and opportunities for anticancer drug discovery.</a> Nat Rev Drug Discov. 8 (10), 806-823 (2009).</li><li>Lyons, A. B., Blake, S. J., Doherty, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+cell+division+by+dilution+of+cfse+and+related+dyes.">Flow cytometric analysis of cell division by dilution of cfse and related dyes.</a> Curr Protoc Cytom. 64 (1), 11-12 (2013).</li><li>Lyons, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysing+cell+division+in+vivo+and+in+vitro+using+flow+cytometric+measurement+of+cfse+dye+dilution.">Analysing cell division in vivo and in vitro using flow cytometric measurement of cfse dye dilution.</a> J Immunol Methods. 243 (1-2), 147-154 (2000).</li><li>Azari, H., Deleyrolle, L. P., Reynolds, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+carboxy+fluorescein+succinimidyl+ester+(cfse)+to+identify+quiescent+glioblastoma+stem-like+cells.">Using carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse) to identify quiescent glioblastoma stem-like cells.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1686, 59-67 (2018).</li><li>Deleyrolle, L. P., Rohaus, M. R., Fortin, J. M., Reynolds, B. A., Azari, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+isolation+of+slow-dividing+cells+in+human+glioblastoma+using+carboxy+fluorescein+succinimidyl+ester+(cfse).">Identification and isolation of slow-dividing cells in human glioblastoma using carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse).</a> J Vis Exp. (62), e3918 (2012).</li><li>Ebinger, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+rare,+dormant,+and+therapy-resistant+cells+in+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemia.">Characterization of rare, dormant, and therapy-resistant cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</a> Cancer Cell. 30 (6), 849-862 (2016).</li><li>Langenau, D. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myc-induced+t+cell+leukemia+in+transgenic+zebrafish.">Myc-induced t cell leukemia in transgenic zebrafish.</a> Science. 299 (5608), 887-890 (2003).</li><li>Blackburn, J. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clonal+evolution+enhances+leukemia-propagating+cell+frequency+in+t+cell+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemia+through+akt/mtorc1+pathway+activation.">Clonal evolution enhances leukemia-propagating cell frequency in t cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through akt/mtorc1 pathway activation.</a> Cancer Cell. 25 (3), 366-378 (2014).</li><li>Al-Hamaly, M. A., Turner, L. T., Rivera-Martinez, A., Rodriguez, A., Blackburn, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+cancer+avatars:+A+translational+platform+for+analyzing+tumor+heterogeneity+and+predicting+patient+outcomes.">Zebrafish cancer avatars: A translational platform for analyzing tumor heterogeneity and predicting patient outcomes.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 24 (3), 2288 (2023).</li><li>Blackburn, J. S., Liu, S., Langenau, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantifying+the+frequency+of+tumor-propagating+cells+using+limiting+dilution+cell+transplantation+in+syngeneic+zebrafish.">Quantifying the frequency of tumor-propagating cells using limiting dilution cell transplantation in syngeneic zebrafish.</a> J Vis Exp. (53), e2790 (2011).</li><li>Borga, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+b+and+t+cell+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemias+in+zebrafish+driven+by+transgenic+myc:+Implications+for+oncogenesis+and+lymphopoiesis.">Simultaneous b and t cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias in zebrafish driven by transgenic myc: Implications for oncogenesis and lymphopoiesis.</a> Leukemia. 33 (2), 333-347 (2019).</li><li>Hu, Y., Smyth, G. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elda:+Extreme+limiting+dilution+analysis+for+comparing+depleted+and+enriched+populations+in+stem+cell+and+other+assays.">Elda: Extreme limiting dilution analysis for comparing depleted and enriched populations in stem cell and other assays.</a> J Immunol Methods. 347 (1-2), 70-78 (2009).</li><li>Bhojwani, D., Pui, C. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relapsed+childhood+acute+lymphoblastic+leukaemia.">Relapsed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.</a> Lancet Oncol. 14 (6), e205-e217 (2013).</li><li>Zon, L. I., Peterson, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+drug+discovery+in+the+zebrafish.">In vivo drug discovery in the zebrafish.</a> Nat Rev Drug Discov. 4 (1), 35-44 (2005).</li><li>Al-Hamaly, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+drug+screening+identifies+erlotinib+as+an+inhibitor+of+wnt/&#946;-catenin+signaling+and+self-renewal+in+t-cell+acute+lymphoblastic+leukemia.">Zebrafish drug screening identifies erlotinib as an inhibitor of wnt/&#946;-catenin signaling and self-renewal in t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</a> Biomed Pharmacother. 170, 116013 (2024).</li><li>Yan, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+engrafted+human+cancer+and+therapy+responses+in+immunodeficient+zebrafish.">Visualizing engrafted human cancer and therapy responses in immunodeficient zebrafish.</a> Cell. 177 (7), 1903-1914 (2019).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>26 G/2&#8221; micro-syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>87930</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 &#181;m filter cap FACS tubes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352235</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>40 &#181;m cell strainer</td>
			<td>CELLTREAT</td>
			<td>229482</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well skirted PCR plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>AB0800</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell sorter</td>
			<td>Sony Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SY3200</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CellTrace Far Red</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C34564</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Conical tubes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10026-078</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>62248</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4818</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;sPhosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Caisson Labs</td>
			<td>22110001</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluorescence stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ25</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>12306C</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fish system water</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>0.03-0.05% salinity, pH 6.5-8, buffered with sodium bicarbonate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C2171</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MS-222</td>
			<td>Pentaire</td>
			<td>TRS-1</td>
			<td>tricaine mesylate, an anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dishes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>07-202-011</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Razor blades</td>
			<td>American Line</td>
			<td>66-0089</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>T10282</td>
			<td>NA</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

identification of quiescent cells in a zebrafish t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia model using cell proliferation staining 

Adult stem cells are responsible for the regeneration of differentiated cell types in a given organ and are predominantly present in a dormant, non-dividing state1,2. For example, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which maintain the blood, largely remain quiescent, and only a small fraction enters the cell cycle to self-renew or differentiate to generate mature blood components3. Similarly, in cancers, a rare subpopulation of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess the self-renewal ability and are responsible for the long-term maintenance of the malignancy4. Cancer stem cells exist in vivo in a state of quiescence or slow growth, which may enable them to escape the anti-proliferative cancer treatments5, evade clearance by the immune system6, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance their DNA repair pathways7. Even a low number of CSCs left behind after treatment can potentially repopulate the tumor, resulting in a patient&#39;s relapse8. Accordingly, understanding cellular quiescence holds great promise for the identification of potential vulnerabilities of CSCs and the development of new ways to target them.
Cell proliferation dyes, such as the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) stain and its derivatives, are commonly used to track the frequency of cell divisions9. The dye permeates across the cell membrane and, once inside the cell, undergoes activation by intracellular esterases into a fluorescent product. The resultant fluorescent compound is retained inside the cell through the covalent amide bonds formed between the succinimidyl moiety and the amine functional groups of intracellular proteins10. With each cellular division, the fluorescent compound is divided equally between the two resulting cells, causing a two-fold signal dilution. This dye enables the detection of up to 10 cell divisions through flow cytometry analysis11.
This approach has been previously utilized to enrich CSC populations in vitro by identifying slow-cycling populations of cells with high retention of the dye11,12. In T-ALL, CFSE has been used to track tumor growth in vivo in patient-derived xenografts in mice. Following cell labeling and three weeks of transplant, flow cytometry analysis showed a rare population of cells that still retained CFSE fluorescence. This population was associated with stemness, treatment resistance, and high similarity to relapse-causing cells in patients13. Accordingly, this dye provides a useful tool for the study of leukemia stem cell (LSC) phenotypes in T-ALL.
The aim of the work is to extend the application of the cell proliferation dye to study quiescence in vivo using a zebrafish T-ALL model. In particular, the rag2:Myc-driven zebrafish T-ALL model14 provides an excellent venue for the study of self-renewal due to the high frequency of LSCs compared to mouse models and human disease15. In addition, the use of zebrafish allows for large-scale transplantation studies, which can be done at a much lower cost of care and maintenance compared to their mouse counterparts16. Zebrafish are also excellent for live imaging applications, as fluorescently labeled tumor cells can be readily viewed using a simple fluorescence microscope to estimate the rate of tumor development16.
In this protocol, we describe the workflow for staining&#160;zebrafish T-ALL cells with cell proliferation dye followed by&#160;in vivo propagation of stained cells in syngeneic CG1 zebrafish. Upon leukemia development, we describe the sorting of cells that retained the dye and their use for a subsequent limiting dilution transplantation experiment to quantify rates of LSC self-renewal. This protocol can be extended for additional applications, including in vivo drug screening of potential compounds for the targeting of quiescent LSCs. In addition, collected cells can be used for different downstream analyses, such as transcriptomic profiling, proteomics, and metabolomics, offering unique insights into the behavior of quiescent LSCs in T-ALL.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>Yazar Spotlight: Zebra Balığı T-ALL'den Hareketsiz Lösemi Kök Hücrelerinin Tanımlanması ve İzolasyonu

Zebra Balığı T Hücreli Akut Lenfoblastik Lösemi Modelinde Hareketsiz Hücrelerin Hücre Proliferasyonu Boyama Kullanılarak Tanımlanması 

Leukemia stem cells are a rare subpopulation of cells within the leukemia that are responsible for long-term disease maintenance and relapse. Our goal is to better characterize these cells to find ways to target and eliminate them and improve patient outcomes. Cancer stem cells, including leukemia stem cells, exist in a state of quiescence or slow growth, which may enable them to escape anti-proliferative cancer treatments.Understanding cellular quiescence will help identify potential vulnerabilities of leukemia stem cells, and new ways to target them. Using this protocol, we can identify and isolate quiescent leukemia cells from a zebrafish model of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Those cells can be used for downstream applications, such as in vivo drug screening, transcriptomic profiling, and proteomics analysis.

Cellular quiescence is a state of growth arrest or slowed proliferation that is described in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Quiescence may protect ...

identification-quiescent-cells-zebrafish-t-cell-acute-lymphoblastic

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Identification of Quiescent Cells in a Zebrafish T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Model Using Cell Proliferation Staining 

412 Görüntüleme.  The University of Kentucky. Lösemi kök hücreleri, lösemi içinde uzun süreli hastalık bakımı ve nüksünden sorumlu olan nadir bir hücre alt popülasyonudur. Amacımız, bu hücreleri hedeflemenin ve ortadan kaldırmanın yollarını bulmak ve hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için bu hücreleri daha iyi karakterize etmektir. Lösemi kök hücreleri de dahil olmak üzere kanser kök hücreleri, anti-proliferatif kanser tedavilerinden kaçmalarını sağlayabilecek bir sessizl...