Name: collection of serum- and feeder-free mouse embryonic stem cell-conditioned medium for a cell-free approach
Uploaded: 2017-01-08T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection of Serum- and Feeder-free Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-conditioned Medium for a Cell-free Approach at JoVE.com

This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program (2013R1A1A2060930) and the Medical Research Center Program (2015R1A5A2009124) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning. This research is also supported by a Start-up Operating Grant from The Hospital for Sick Children (H. K. Sung). We would like to thank Laura Barwell and Sarah J. S. Kim for their excellent help in editing this manuscript and Dr. Andras Nagy for providing the G4 mESC line.

NOTE: A schematic of the serum- and feeder-free CM collection protocol is shown in Figure 1.
1. Materials (Preparation of MEFs, Medium, Plates, and Solutions)
<ol>
	<li>Prepare 500 ml of medium to culture the MEFs. Supplement Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle&#39;s Medium (DMEM) with 10% FBS (ESC quality), 50 units/ml penicillin, and 50 mg/ml streptomycin.</li>
	<li>Isolate MEFs from embryos following an established routine protocol13 and maintain them in MEF medium.</li>
	<li>Prepare 500...

<ol>
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For the successful collection of serum- and feeder-free mESC-CM, the following suggestions should be taken into consideration. The most critical factor is using early passage mESCs for the collection of mESC-CM. Previously, it has been shown that early passage mESC-CM has better anti-aging effects compared to late passage mESCs. The passage number of mESCs has been reported to affect their developmental potential16 and pluripotency17.
While additional research is needed t...

The goal of this protocol is to collect mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-conditioned medium (mESC-CM) from serum- and feeder-free culture conditions and to characterize its biological functions.
In general, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine and cell therapy due to their pluripotency and capacity for self-renewal1-3. However, the direct transplantation of stem cells has several limitations, such as immune rejection and tumor formation4,5. Therefore, a cell-free approach may provide an alternate therapeutic strategy for regenerative medicine and aging interventions6,7.
Senescence is viewed as a cellular counterpart to the aging of tissues and organs, characterized by a permanent state of growth arrest, altered cell physiology, and behaviors. Aging is the main risk factor for prevalent diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegeneration8. One of the obvious characteristics of aging is the decline in the regenerative potential of tissues, which is caused by stem cell aging and exhaustion9. Many significant studies have shown pharmacological molecules, such as rapamycin9, resveratrol10, and metformin11, and blood-borne systemic factors, namely GDF1112, that have the ability to consistently delay aging and extend life span.
In the present study, mESC-CM has been harvested without serum (fetal bovine serum, FBS) and feeder (mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) layers to exclude the contamination of serum factors and secretory factors from MEFs. These conditions allowed for a serum- and feeder-free CM that consequently enabled the accurate identification of mESC-specific secretory factors.
This proposed protocol is highly efficient, relatively cost effective, and easy to operate. This technique provides insights into the characterization of mESC-derived soluble factors that can mediate an anti-senescence effect, which may be used for the development of a safe and potentially advantageous cell-free therapeutic approach toward interventions for aging-associated diseases and other regenerative treatments.

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	<colgroup>
		<col span="4" />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#11960-044</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:64px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#30044333</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">20%, ES cell quality</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="126">
			<td height="148" rowspan="2" style="height:148px;width:64px;">Penicillin and streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:64px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:64px;">#15140</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">50units/ml penicillin and 50mg/ml strepto</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:64px;">-mycin.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#25030</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">2mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="106">
			<td height="106" style="height:106px;width:64px;">Nonessential amino acids (NEAA)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#11140</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">100uM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:64px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#M3148</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">100uM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:64px;">Leukemia inhibitory factor&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#ESG1107</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">100units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">OPTI-MEM</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#22600</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:64px;">X-gal&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#B4252</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">1mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:64px;">Paraformaldehyde (PFA)</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">P6148</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">3.70%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:64px;">Dimethylformamide (DMF)</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#D4551</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:64px;">Potassium ferricyanide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#455946</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">5mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:64px;">potassium ferrocyanide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#455989</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">5mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:64px;">NaCl&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#S7653</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">150mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:64px;">MgCl2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#M2393</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">2mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">Mytomycin C&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#M4287</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">10ug/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">Propidium iodide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#P4170</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">50ug/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">TRIzol</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Ambion</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#15596018</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:64px;">M-MLV reverse transcript-tase</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#M170B</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="127">
			<td height="127" style="height:127px;width:64px;">Power SYBR Green PCR master mix&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#4367659</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="106">
			<td height="106" style="height:106px;width:64px;">HDFs, NHDF-Ad-Der-Fibroblast&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">LONZA</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#CC-2511</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:64px;">Bottle top filter,&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">#430513</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">0.2&#956;m</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

collection of serum- and feeder-free mouse embryonic stem cell-conditioned medium for a cell-free approach

The capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate various cell types has opened new avenues in the field of regenerative medicine. However, despite their benefits, the tumorigenic potential of ESCs and iPSCs has long been a barrier for clinical applications. Interestingly, it has been shown that ESCs produce several soluble factors that can promote tissue regeneration and delay cellular aging, suggesting that ESCs and iPSCs can also be utilized as a cell-free intervention method. Therefore, the method for harvesting mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-conditioned medium (mESC-CM) with minimal contamination of serum components (fetal bovine serum, FBS) and feeder cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs) has been highly demanded. Here, the present study demonstrates an optimized method for the collection of mESC-CM under serum- and feeder-free conditions and for the characterization of mESC-CM using senescence-associated multiple readouts. This protocol will provide a method to collect pure mESC-specific secretory factors without serum and feeder contamination.

Originally, mESCs are maintained on an MEF feeder in mESC medium with FBS and other supplements (Figures 1A and 2A). CM was collected from mESCs in Reduced Serum Media without a feeder layer, FBS, or other supplements (Figures 1B and 2B). This culture condition allows us to collect mESC-specific conditioned medium without potential contamination by the factors from the feeder, FBS, or other supplements. The control medium...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Collection of Serum- and Feeder-free Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-conditioned Medium for a Cell-free Approach at JoVE.com

Collection of Serum- and Feeder-free Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell-conditioned Medium for a Cell-free Approach

This protocol provides a method for the collection of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-conditioned medium (mESC-CM) derived from serum (fetal bovine serum, FBS)- and feeder (mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MEFs)-free conditions for a cell-free approach. It may be applicable for the treatment of aging and aging-associated diseases.

The capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate various cell types has opened new avenues in the field ...

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