Name: derivation of stem cell lines from mouse preimplantation embryos
Uploaded: 2017-08-20T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos at JoVE.com

We thank Jonatan Lucas for his technical assistance with feeder cell culture, Servei Estabulari de la UAB for animal care and Dom&#232;nec Mart&#237;n for recording the video. This work has been supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad AGL2014-52408-R and Generalitat de Catalunya 2014 SGR-524. MVC is beneficiary of a PIF-UAB fellowship.

The use of the animals described in the sections below has been approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal and Human Research of the Universitat Aut&#242;noma de Barcelona and by the Departament d&#39;Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentaci&#243; of the Generalitat de Catalunya (protocol #8741).
1. Feeder Cell Inactivation and Storage
NOTE: Human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF-1) were previously frozen in 1 mL of freezing solution consisting of 90% Fetal Bovine Serum (F...

<ol>
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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+origin+and+efficient+derivation+of+embryonic+stem+cells+in+the+mouse.">The origin and efficient derivation of embryonic stem cells in the mouse.</a> Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 94 (11), 5709-5712 (1997).</li><li>Ward, C. M., Stern, P., Willington, M. A., Flenniken, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+germline+transmission+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cells+grown+in+synthetic+serum+in+the+absence+of+a+fibroblast+feeder+layer.">Efficient germline transmission of mouse embryonic stem cells grown in synthetic serum in the absence of a fibroblast feeder layer.</a> Lab Invest. 82 (12), 1765-1767 (2002).</li><li>Ying, Q. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ground+state+of+embryonic+stem+cell+self-renewal.">The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal.</a> Nature. 453 (7194), 519-523 (2008).</li><li>Wakayama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+establishment+of+mouse+embryonic+stem+cell+lines+from+single+blastomeres+and+polar+bodies.">Efficient establishment of mouse embryonic stem cell lines from single blastomeres and polar bodies.</a> Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio). 25 (4), 986-993 (2007).</li><li>Chatot, C. L., Ziomek, C. A., Bavister, B. D., Lewis, J. 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Although mESC line derivation is a well-known procedure routinely used in many laboratories, its efficiency is not always as high as expected due to the multiple factors that can disturb pluripotency maintenance. In the present article we show, step by step, how to establish mESC lines with high efficiencies using a simple and reliable protocol. These efficiencies are similar to those reported in the literature. 
To ensure maximum efficiency, it is important to control the cells daily or every...

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are pluripotent cells derived from preimplantation embryos, which retain the ability to either self-renew or differentiate under specific conditions1. Based on these properties, ESC have become a useful tool for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and tissue engineering studies2.
ESC were derived for the first time from preimplantation mouse embryos, originating mouse ESC (mESC) lines with low success3,4. For years, the derivation efficiency remained low due to the difficulty of maintaining pluripotency in vitro. Besides the presence of feeder cells5, which improve derivation efficiency, promote colony attachment, and enhance karyotypic stability6, several modifications of the protocol lead to an improvement in pluripotency maintenance. The most important were the addition of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) to mESC culture medium7,8, the use of embryos from the 129S2 permissive background9 and the culture of mESC with medium supplemented with defined serum, free of potential differentiation factors10. More recently, compelling evidence has shown that addition of a cocktail of two small-molecule modulators of signaling pathways to the mESC culture medium (known as 2i) is best to maintain pluripotency. The 2i cocktail consists of a combination of the MEK inhibitor PD0325901, which reduces the differentiation signals by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and the GSK3&#946; inhibitor CHIR99021, which enhances cell survival at low density by activating the Wnt pathway11. 
In the present article, we describe a simple protocol to efficiently derive mESC lines from mouse blastocysts. We follow standard procedures, culturing embryos from permissive strains on feeder cells in derivation medium supplemented with LIF and a serum replacement12. Following this protocol, mESC lines can be derived with efficiencies equivalent to those obtained in 2i medium. In spite of this, 2i can be added to avoid possible problems with pluripotency maintenance or when working with non-permissive strains.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1125">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">1 mL sryringe</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">309628</td>
			<td style="width:524px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">2-&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>31350-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">4-well plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">176740</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:263px;">Acidic Tyrode&#39;s solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Home-made</td>
			<td style="width:141px;"></td>
			<td style="width:524px;">See recipe in Nagy et al, 2003. For short-term storage (up to 1 month) keep it at 4&#186;C. Alternatively, for long-term storage keep it at -20&#186;C. If the efficiency of the solution diminishes, it should be acidified by the adition of a small drop of HCl 1M.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">BSA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A3311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:22px;width:263px;">Chicken anti-Mouse IgG, Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes - Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A-21200</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution. Secondary antibody for Oct4, Tuj1, &#945;SMA and AFP mouse antibodies.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">CHIR990212</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Axon Medchem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">1386</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Reconstitute with 2.15 ml DMSO for each mg of powder, to obtain a 1 mM stock solution. Aliquot at desired volume and store at -20&#186;C. Avoid freeze and thaw cycles.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">CryoTube</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">3754518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">DMSO</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">41640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td>L0107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td>S1810</td>
			<td>Inactivate it prior to use by heating for 30 mins at 56&#186;C. Aliquot and store at -20&#186;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Flushing needle</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BD&#160;</td>
			<td>304000</td>
			<td>Cut the end of the needle and ground to a blunt tip on an abrasive stone</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Gelatin from porcine skin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fluka</td>
			<td>48724</td>
			<td>Dilute at 0,2% in destilled water and autoclave it. Each dilution can be used for a month.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Goat anti-Rabbit IgG, Alexa Fluor 594</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes - Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A-11037</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution. Secondary antibody for Sox2 rabbit antibody.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">HBSS</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">L0611</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Hepes-buffered CZB&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Home-made</td>
			<td style="width:141px;"></td>
			<td>See composition in Chatot et al, 1989</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:263px;">Human chorionic gonadotropin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Divasa-Farmavic</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">Veterin-Corion 3000 UI</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Dilute in NaCl 0.9% at 50 IU/ml. Aliquot it in 1 ml and store at -20&#186;C for up to two months. Once thawed do not freeze again.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Human foreskin fibroblasts</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">ATCCSCRC-1041</td>
			<td>For long term storage it is recommended to store them in liquid nitrogen.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>&#160;10828-028</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Photosensitive. It is recommended to aliquot it in small volumes such as 10 ml and store it at -20&#186;C (check the expiration date). Avoid freeze and thaw cycles.&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:263px;">KSOMaag Evolve</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Zenith Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">ZEKS-050</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Supplement with 4 mg/ml BSA. Equilibrate at 37&#186;C and 5% CO2 a day prior to use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Leukemia Inhibitory Factor</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Merk Millipore</td>
			<td>ESG1106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:263px;">Mice&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Charles River/Harlan</td>
			<td style="width:141px;"></td>
			<td style="width:524px;">It is recommended to use mice from a permissive strain in terms of mESC derivation (such as 129S2 or C57BL). However, inbreed strains are less efficient producing embryos. Therefore, it is recomended to use a hybrid strain, such as 129S2 x C57BL or B6CBAF1 to take advantage of the hybrid vigor.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mineral oil</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M8410</td>
			<td>Embryo tested. Photosensitive.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">Mitomycin C</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Serva</td>
			<td>2980501</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Reconstitute the powder with MilliQ water at 0.5 mg/ml. Store at 4&#186;C protected from light. Attention, it is harmful and suspected of causing cancer.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse anti-tubulin &#946; III (Tuj1)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">MMS-435P</td>
			<td>1:500 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse monoclonal anti-&#945;SMA</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">A5228</td>
			<td>1:200 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse monoclonal anti-AFP</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">MAB1368</td>
			<td>1:50 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Mouse monoclonal anti Oct3/4&#160;</td>
			<td>Santa cruz</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">Sc-5279</td>
			<td>1:50 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Non-Essential Amino Acids</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11140-035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:263px;">PD0325901</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Axon Medchem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">1408</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Reconstitute with 2.08 ml DMSO for each mg of powder, to obtain a 1 mM stock solution. Aliquot at desired volume and store at -20&#186;C. Avoid freeze and thaw cycles.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Petri dish (35mm)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">153066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Petri dish (60mm)</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific Nunc</td>
			<td>150288</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:263px;">Pregnant mare&#39;s serum gonadotropin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Foligon</td>
			<td>Foligon-1000 UI</td>
			<td style="width:524px;">Dilute in NaCl 0.9% at 50 IU/ml. Aliquot it in 1 ml and store at -20&#186;C for up to two months. Once thawed do not freeze again.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Rabbit policlonal anti-Sox2</td>
			<td>Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">AB5603</td>
			<td>1:200 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">T75 falcon</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">130190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:263px;">Trypsin-EDTA 10x</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BioWest</td>
			<td style="width:141px;">X0930</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:10 in HBSS to obtain a 1x solution</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

derivation of stem cell lines from mouse preimplantation embryos

Mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) derivation is the process by which pluripotent cell lines are established from preimplantation embryos. These lines retain the ability to either self-renew or differentiate under specific conditions. Due to these properties, mESC are a useful tool in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and tissue engineering studies. This article describes a simple protocol to obtain mESC lines with high derivation efficiencies (60-80%) by culturing blastocysts from permissive mouse strains on feeder cells in defined medium supplemented with leukemia inhibitory factor. The protocol can also be applied to efficiently derive mESC lines from non-permissive mouse strains, by the simple addition of a cocktail of two small-molecule inhibitors to the derivation medium (2i medium). Detailed procedures on the preparation and culture of feeder cells, collection and culture of mouse embryos, and derivation and culture of mESC lines are provided. This protocol does not require specialized equipment and can be carried out in any laboratory with basic mammalian cell culture expertise.

Following this protocol, over 95% of outgrowth formation should be achieved after the first week of culture (Figure 1A). Establishment of mESC lines after six passages is variable among experimental replicates, with an average success of 60-80%. The addition of 2i does not significantly improve the results when working with permissive mouse strains, such as those with a 129S2 background, but it is necessary when working with non-permissive strains.
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos at JoVE.com

Derivation of Stem Cell Lines from Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

This article describes a protocol to efficiently derive and culture pluripotent stem cell lines from mouse embryos at the blastocyst stage.

Mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) derivation is the process by which pluripotent cell lines are established from preimplantation embryos. These lines ...

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Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

Efficient Derivation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Stem Cells

No cure has been discovered for age-related macular degeneration  (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 55. AMD is complex ...

Derivation of Highly Purified Cardiomyocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Small Molecule-modulated Differentiation and Subsequent Glucose Starvation

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes ...

Establishment of Genome-edited Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines: From Targeting to Isolation

Genome-editing of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a genetically controlled and clinically relevant platform from which to understand human ...

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

This protocol presents a method to perform quantitative, single-cell in situ analyses of protein expression to study lineage specification in mouse ...

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

 Gene silencing and overexpression techniques are instrumental for the identification of genes involved in embryonic development. Direct target gene ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can ...

Affinity Labeling Detection of Endogenous Receptors from Zebrafish Embryos

By combining the powers of Affinity Labeling and Immunoprecipitation (AFLIP), a technique for the detection of low abundance receptors in zebrafish ...

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors using ...

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) ...