Name: an optogenetic method to control and analyze gene expression patterns in cell-to-cell interactions
Uploaded: 2018-03-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions at JoVE.com

This work was supported by JST, PRESTO (A.I.), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (JPMJCR12W2 (R.K.)), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan 26119708 (A.I.) and 16H06480 (R.K.)), Scientific Research (A) (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) 24240049 (R.K.)), and Young Scientists (A) (JSPS 15H05326 (A.I.)), and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas &#34;Fluorescence Live imaging&#34; of the MEXT, Japan, and Platform for Dynamic Approaches to Living System from the MEXT, Japan.

1. Generation of Stable Cell Lines by the Tol2 System
<ol>
	<li>Transfect plasmid vectors (Figure 1A) of Tol2-based optogenetic modules together with the transposase (Tol2) expression vector (pCAGGS-mT2TP) into C2C12 cells. In all steps, culture cells with DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin-streptomycin at 37 &#176;C (Table 1), in the presence of 5% CO2, otherwise denoted.
	<ol>
		<li>Count trypsinized cells with a cell-cou...

<ol>
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We showed a method to control gene expression dynamics with a periodicity of 2 to 3 h. This time-scale is much shorter than the ones in other conventional systems, including the Tet-On system and the original LightOn system. Key parameters to reach the ultradian time-scales are half-lives of photo-induced molecular products, mRNAs, and proteins. These kinetic parameters may depend on cell types and species. For tuning the kinetics, replacing Hes1 3&#39;UTR sequences with others is a straight-forward way, because it does ...

Cell-to-cell communications play critical roles in embryonic patterning in developmental processes. In vertebrate embryos, the metameric structures called somites are formed along the anterior-posterior body axis with a precise temporal accuracy under the control of a time-keeping clock, called the segmentation clock1. During this process, a group of presomitic mesoderm (PSM) cells are periodically converted into somites in a synchronous manner. This process involves synchronized oscillatory gene expression and PSM cells that oscillate in phase form the same somites. The period of the oscillatory gene expression is around 2 to 3 h in mice and about 30 min in zebrafish. When dissociated, PSM cells lose the synchrony2,3, but when they are re-aggregated, they can self-organize and recover the population synchrony4, suggesting that cell-cell coupling is a key for the synchronized oscillations.
Extensive efforts revealed that signaling molecules in the Delta-Notch pathway are tightly connected to the synchronized oscillations of the segmentation clock genes. Either pharmacological inhibitors or genetic mutations of Notch signaling desynchronize the population of the oscillators. In zebrafish, mutants of Notch signaling components, such as DeltaC, DeltaD, and Notch1a, display asynchronous oscillations5,6. In chick or mouse embryos, not only the Notch ligand Delta-like1 (Dll1) but also the Notch Modulator Lunatic fringe (Lfng) is required for synchronized oscillations7,8,9. However, it has been difficult to test the functional capability of such molecules for dynamic information transfer from cell to cell, because temporal resolutions of conventional perturbation of gene regulation dynamics were not sufficient to investigate the processes of timescales of 2&#8211;3 h (ultradian rhythms).
We have recently developed an integrated method to control and monitor gene expression patterns in mammalian cells10. This technology enables induction of gene expression pulses by periodic light illumination on ultradian time-scales. This protocol represents the methods to establish photosensitive cell-lines and observe dynamic responses of reporter cells by live-cell luminescence monitoring in the contexts of cell-to-cell communications. This method is applicable to the analysis of many other signaling pathways.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="695">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:207px;">FACS</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">FACSAriaII SORP</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Camera</td>
			<td>Andor</td>
			<td>iKon M-934</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX-81 ZDC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">PMT device</td>
			<td>Churitsu eletric corp.</td>
			<td>CL24B-LIC/B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Blue LED illuminator</td>
			<td>OptoCode</td>
			<td>LEDB-SBOXH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">DMEM</td>
			<td>Nacalai</td>
			<td>08459-35&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Nacalai</td>
			<td>26253-84</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>172012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">KRYSTAL24 (black 24 well plate )</td>
			<td>Hi-tech</td>
			<td>303012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">D-Luciferin Potassium Salt</td>
			<td>Nacalai</td>
			<td>20028-24&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Light meter</td>
			<td>LI-COR Biosciences</td>
			<td>LI-250A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">anti-HA-Peroxidase antibody</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>clone 3F10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">anti-Actin-Peroxidase antibody</td>
			<td>Wako</td>
			<td>clone 2F3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an optogenetic method to control and analyze gene expression patterns in cell-to-cell interactions

Cells should respond properly to temporally changing environments, which are influenced by various factors from surrounding cells. The Notch signaling pathway is one of such essential molecular machinery for cell-to-cell communications, which plays key roles in normal development of embryos. This pathway involves a cell-to-cell transfer of oscillatory information with ultradian rhythms, but despite the progress in molecular biology techniques, it has been challenging to elucidate the impact of multicellular interactions on oscillatory gene dynamics. Here, we present a protocol that permits optogenetic control and live monitoring of gene expression patterns in a precise temporal manner. This method successfully revealed that intracellular and intercellular periodic inputs of Notch signaling entrain intrinsic oscillations by frequency tuning and phase shifting at the single-cell resolution. This approach is applicable to the analysis of the dynamic features of various signaling pathways, providing a unique platform to test a functional significance of dynamic gene expression programs in multicellular systems.

We adapted the LightOn system11,12, which enables photo-induced gene expression in mammalian cells, to the study of genetic oscillators with 2- to 3-h periodicity. This system comprises of two parts: the photo-inducible transcriptional activator hGAVPO and a UAS-promoter cassette to drive transcription of arbitrary genes of interest. To accelerate the pulsatile kinetics of photo-induced gene expression, the polyA sequence in the U...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions at JoVE.com

An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions

Here, we present a protocol to analyze cell-to-cell transfer of oscillatory information by optogenetic control and live monitoring of gene expression. This approach provides a unique platform to test a functional significance of dynamic gene expression programs in multicellular systems.

Cells should respond properly to temporally changing environments, which are influenced by various factors from surrounding cells. The Notch signaling ...

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