Name: targeted antibody blocking by a dual-functional conjugate of antigenic peptide and fc-iii mimetics (dcaf)
Uploaded: 2019-09-17T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF at JoVE.com

This work was supported in part by the Tsinghua University-Gates Foundation (no. OPP1021992), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 21502103, 21877068 and 041301475), and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2017YFA0505103).

1. Chemical synthesis of the hydrazine derivative of a Fc-III peptide
<ol>
	<li>Converting 2-Cl-(Trt)-Cl resin to 2-Cl-(Trt)-NHNH2 resin
	<ol>
		<li>Weigh 625 mg of 2-Cl-(Trt)-Cl resin (0.25 mmol) into a 25 mL peptide synthesis vessel.</li>
		<li>Add 5 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to the resin from the top of the vessel, put the cap back, gently shake the vessel for 15 s and then drain it. Repeat DMF washing for two more times.</li>
		<li>Add 5 mL of dichloromethane (DCM) to the vessel,...

<ol>
	<li>Rhoades, R. A., Pflanzer, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Human Physiology (4th ed.). , (2003).</li><li>Halstead, S. B., O&#8217;Rourke, E. 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E., Skeie, G. O., Romi, F., Lazaridis, K., Zisimopoulou, P., Tzartos, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myasthenia+gravis+-+autoantibody+characteristics+and+their+implications+for+therapy.">Myasthenia gravis - autoantibody characteristics and their implications for therapy.</a> Nature Reviews neurology. 12, 259 (2016).</li><li>Contifine, B. M., Milani, M., Kaminski, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myasthenia+gravis:+past,+present,+and+future.">Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 116, 2843-2854 (2006).</li><li>Webster, D. P., Farrar, J., Rowland-Jones, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progress+towards+a+dengue+vaccine.">Progress towards a dengue vaccine.</a> The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 9, 678-687 (2009).</li><li>Vikas, K., Kaminski, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+Myasthenia+Gravis.">Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis.</a> Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 11, 89-96 (2011).</li><li>Zhang, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+dual-functional+conjugate+of+antigenic+peptide+and+Fc-III+mimetics+(DCAF)+for+targeted+antibody+blocking.">Development of a dual-functional conjugate of antigenic peptide and Fc-III mimetics (DCAF) for targeted antibody blocking.</a> Chemical Science. 10, 3271-3280 (2019).</li><li>Bello, M. S., Rezzonico, R., Righetti, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+taylor-aris+dispersion+for+measurement+of+a+solute+diffusion+coefficient+in+thin+capillaries.">Use of taylor-aris dispersion for measurement of a solute diffusion coefficient in thin capillaries.</a> Science. 266, 773-776 (1994).</li><li>Fang, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+chemical+synthesis+by+ligation+of+peptide+hydrazides.">Protein chemical synthesis by ligation of peptide hydrazides.</a> Angewandte Chemie. International Edition. 50, 7645-7649 (2011).</li><li>Fang, G. M., Wang, J. X., Liu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Convergent+chemical+synthesis+of+proteins+by+ligation+of+peptide+hydrazides.">Convergent chemical synthesis of proteins by ligation of peptide hydrazides.</a> Angewandte Chemie. International Edition. 51, 10347-10350 (2012).</li><li>Zheng, J. S., Tang, S., Qi, Y. K., Wang, Z. P., Liu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+synthesis+of+proteins+using+peptide+hydrazides+as+thioester+surrogates.">Chemical synthesis of proteins using peptide hydrazides as thioester surrogates.</a> Nature Protocols. 8, 2483-2495 (2013).</li></ol>

The protocol here describes the semi-synthesis and detection of DCAF1 by using NCL approach, which is shown in Figure 1. Briefly, the two fragments of DCAF1 are chemical synthesized and recombinantly expressed, respectively; then, the full length DCAF1 molecule is assembled, modified and purified. For the hydrazine derived Fc-III fragment synthesis, using low-capacity 2-Cl resin is quite important, because high-capacity has a negative effect for hydrazine generation and leads to low yield of...

Antibodies play important roles in humoral immune response for the neutralization of pathogenic bacteria and viruses1. However, some antibodies exhibit harmful impacts to the organisms, such as cross-reactive antibodies in the ADE effect during DENV infection and over-reactive antibodies in myasthenia gravis, which is an autoimmune diseases2,3. ADE effect is mediated by the cross-reactive antibodies that make the bridge to connect DENV and Fc receptor presenting cells4,5, while myasthenia gravis is caused by the excessive antibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors between the cell-cell junctions in muscle tissue6,7. Although partially effective approaches have been developed to treat these diseases8,9, undoubtedly direct elimination of these harmful antibodies would make progress for the interventions.
Recently, DCAF molecules, which have dual-functional groups, have been developed for targeted antibody blocking10. DCAF is a long peptide that is composed of 3 parts: 1) an antigen part that can specific recognize the cognate antibody, 2) an Fc-III or Fc-III-4C tag for strongly binding to the Fc region of the antibody to inhibit either Fc receptor or complement component proteins, 3) a long &#945;-helical linker that conjugates these two functional groups10. The linker part, designed from Moesin FERM domain, was optimized by Rosseta software to ensure the antigen part and Fc-III part in a DCAF molecule can bind to the Fab and Fc regions of IgG simultaneously. Four DCAF molecules have been synthesized to target 4 different antibodies, among them DCAF1 was used to eliminate 4G2 antibody, which is a cross-reactive antibody during DENV infection to contribute to ADE effect; and DACF4 was designed for the rescue of acetylcholine receptors by blocking mab35 antibody in myasthenia gravis10.
In the present study, taken DCAF1 as the example, we showed the protocols for the synthesis of DCAF molecule and the detection of the interaction between a DCAF and its cognate antibody. The DCAF1 is semi-synthesized by NCL approach11,12,13,14, which conjugates the hydrazine derivative of a Fc-III peptide and the expressed linker-antigen parts together. The NCL approach has significant advantages over fully chemical synthesis and fully recombinant expression for DCAF1 synthesis, because both these methods lead to low yield and high cost. The current approach is not only the most cost-effective way to get the full-length DCAF, but also can maintain the conformation of the linker part similar as its native form. Since different DCAF molecules have similar sequences except for the antigen parts, our methods for DCAF1 synthesis and the interaction assay between DCAF1 and 4G2 antibody can be applied to other DCAF molecules to targeted block their cognate antibodies as well.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Chlorotrityl resin</td>
			<td>Tianjin Nankai HECHENG S&#38;T</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo-[4,5-b]pyridinium hexafluorophosphate 3-oxide</td>
			<td>GL Biochem</td>
			<td>00703</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-(6-Chloro-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylaminiumhexafluorophosphate</td>
			<td>GL Biochem</td>
			<td>00706</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2&#8242;-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>J&#38;K Scientific</td>
			<td>503236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4G2 antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>MA5-24387</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-mercaptophenylacetic acid</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>H27658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-well microtiter plates</td>
			<td>NEST</td>
			<td>701001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>A955</td>
			<td>MS Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AgOAc</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>30164324</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-GST antibody</td>
			<td>Abclonal</td>
			<td>AE001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked Antibody</td>
			<td>Cell Signaling Technology</td>
			<td>7076P2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>Beijing DINGGUO CHANGSHENG BOITECHNOL</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD spectrometer</td>
			<td>Applied Photophysics Ltd</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dialysis bag</td>
			<td>Sbjbio</td>
			<td>SBJ132636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dichloromethane</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>80047360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>diethyl ether</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10009318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA Gel Extraction Kit</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>D0056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GSH Sepharose</td>
			<td>GE Lifesciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Guanidine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>30095516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrazine hydrate</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>80070418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10011018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>imidazole</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>12399-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl &#946;-D-Thiogalactoside</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>5502-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>kanamycin</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>ST101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol</td>
			<td>Thermo-Fisher</td>
			<td>A456</td>
			<td>MS Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N, N-Diisopropylethylamine</td>
			<td>GL Biochem</td>
			<td>90600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N, N-Dimethylformamide</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>8100771933</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NcoI</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>ER0571</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS buffer</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>P1022</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peptide BEH C18 Column</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186003625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>piperidine</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>80104216</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmid Extraction Kit</td>
			<td>Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td>B611253-0002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>QIAexpress Kit</td>
			<td>QIAGEN</td>
			<td>32149</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rapid DNA Ligation Kit</td>
			<td>Beyotime</td>
			<td>D7002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>20040718</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10019762</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium nitrite</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10020018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sodium&#160;chloride</td>
			<td>Sinopharm Chemical Reagent</td>
			<td>10019318</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Standard Fmoc-protected amino acids</td>
			<td>GL Biochem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sterilizing pot</td>
			<td>Tomy</td>
			<td>SX-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SUMO Protease</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>12588018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>stop solution</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>423001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>the whole gene sequence that can express SUMO-linker-antigen</td>
			<td>Taihe Biotechnology Compay</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TMB reagent</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>421101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>T6508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triisopropylsilane</td>
			<td>GL Biochem</td>
			<td>91100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Aladdin</td>
			<td>T107252-5g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tryptone</td>
			<td>OXOID</td>
			<td>LP0042</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>T8220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultimate 3000 HPLC</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>vacuum pump</td>
			<td>YUHUA</td>
			<td>SHZ-95B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XhoI</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>IVGN0086</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>yeast extract</td>
			<td>OXOID</td>
			<td>LP0021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

targeted antibody blocking by a dual-functional conjugate of antigenic peptide and fc-iii mimetics (dcaf)

Elimination of harmful antibodies from organisms is a valuable approach for the intervention of antibody-associated diseases, such as Dengue hemorrhagic fever and autoimmune diseases. Since thousands of antibodies with different epitopes are circulating in blood, no universal method, except for the dual-functional conjugate of antigenic peptide and Fc-III mimetics (DCAF), was reported to target specific harmful antibodies. The development of DCAF molecules makes significant contribution to the progress of targeted therapy, which were demonstrated to eliminate the antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) effect in a Dengue virus (DENV) infection model and to boost the acetylcholine receptor activity in a myasthenia gravis model. Here, we describe a protocol for the synthesis of a DCAF molecule (DCAF1), which can selectively block 4G2 antibody to attenuate ADE effect during Dengue virus infection, and illustrate the binding of DCAF1 to 4G2 antibody by an ELISA assay. In our method, DCAF1 is synthesized by the conjugation of a hydrazine derivative of a Fc-III peptide and a recombinant expressed long &#945;-helix with antigenic sequence through native chemical ligation (NCL). This protocol has been successfully applied to DCAF1 as well as other DCAF molecules for targeting their cognate antibodies.

The flowchart for the synthesis route by native chemical ligation in this article is shown in Figure 1. Figures 2-6 show the chromatograms (A) and mass spectra (B) of chemical synthesized hydrazine derivative of a Fc-III peptide, recombinant expressed linker and antigen part, the purified product from NCL reaction, the purified product from desulfurization reaction and the purified final product DCAF1, respectively. The chromatograms show th...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF at JoVE.com

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics DCAF

Development of a dual-functional conjugate of antigenic peptide and Fc-III mimetics (DCAF) is novel for the elimination of harmful antibodies. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the synthesis of DCAF1 molecule, which can selectively block 4G2 antibody to eliminate antibody dependent enhancement effect during Dengue virus infection.

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)

Elimination of harmful antibodies from organisms is a valuable approach for the intervention of antibody-associated diseases, such as Dengue hemorrhagic ...

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