Name: a rat lung transplantation model of warm ischemia/reperfusion injury: optimizations to improve outcomes
Uploaded: 2021-10-28T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Rat Lung Transplantation Model of Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Optimizations to Improve Outcomes at JoVE.com

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-270 g body weight) were purchased commercially (e.g., Envigo) and were housed under pathogen-free conditions at The Ohio State University Animal Facility. All procedures were humanely performed according to the NIH and the National Research Council&#39;s Guide for the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and with the approval of The Ohio State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC Protocol # 2012A00000135-R2).
1. Initial setup
<ol>
	...

<ol>
	<li>Mizuta, T., Kawaguchi, A., Nakahara, K., Kawashima, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+rat+lung+transplantation+using+a+cuff+technique.">Simplified rat lung transplantation using a cuff technique.</a> Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 97 (4), 578-581 (1989).</li><li>Zhai, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+rat+lung+transplantation+by+using+a+modified+cuff+technique.">Simplified rat lung transplantation by using a modified cuff technique.</a> Journal of Investigative Surgery. 21 (1), 33-37 (2008).</li><li>Goto, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+rat+lung+transplantation+using+a+new+cuff+technique.">Simplified rat lung transplantation using a new cuff technique.</a> Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 93 (6), 2078-2080 (2012).</li><li>Guo, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvements+of+surgical+techniques+in+a+rat+model+of+an+orthotopic+single+lung+transplant.">Improvements of surgical techniques in a rat model of an orthotopic single lung transplant.</a> European Journal of Medical Research. 18, 1 (2013).</li><li>Tian, D., Shiiya, H., Sato, M., Nakajima, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rat+lung+transplantation+model:+modifications+of+the+cuff+technique.">Rat lung transplantation model: modifications of the cuff technique.</a> Annals of Translational Medicine. 8 (6), 407 (2020).</li><li>Rajab, T. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anastomotic+techniques+for+rat+lung+transplantation.">Anastomotic techniques for rat lung transplantation.</a> World Journal of Transplantation. 8 (2), 38-43 (2018).</li><li>Reis, A., Giaid, A., Serrick, C., Shennib, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+outcome+of+rat+lung+transplantation+with+modification+of+the+nonsuture+external+cuff+technique.">Improved outcome of rat lung transplantation with modification of the nonsuture external cuff technique.</a> Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. 14 (2), 274-279 (1995).</li><li>Sugimoto, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+orthotopic+lung+transplantation+model+in+rats+with+cold+storage.">Experimental orthotopic lung transplantation model in rats with cold storage.</a> Surgery Today. 39 (7), 641-645 (2009).</li><li>Santana Rodriguez, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+modifications+of+the+orthotopic+lung+transplantation+model+in+rats+with+brain-dead+donors.">Technical modifications of the orthotopic lung transplantation model in rats with brain-dead donors.</a> Archivos de Bronconeumolog&#237;a. 47 (10), 488-494 (2011).</li><li>Gielis, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+murine+model+of+lung+ischemia+and+reperfusion+injury:+tricks+of+the+trade.">A murine model of lung ischemia and reperfusion injury: tricks of the trade.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 194 (2), 659-666 (2015).</li><li>Rajab, T. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques+for+lung+transplantation+in+the+rat.">Techniques for lung transplantation in the rat.</a> Experimental Lung Research. 45 (9-10), 267-274 (2019).</li><li>Iskender, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+Warm+Versus+Cold+Ischemic+Donor+Lung+Preservation+on+the+Underlying+Mechanisms+of+Injuries+During+Ischemia+and+Reperfusion.">Effects of Warm Versus Cold Ischemic Donor Lung Preservation on the Underlying Mechanisms of Injuries During Ischemia and Reperfusion.</a> Transplantation. 102 (5), 760-768 (2018).</li><li>Lin, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Five-year+update+on+the+mouse+model+of+orthotopic+lung+transplantation:+Scientific+uses,+tricks+of+the+trade,+and+tips+for+success.">Five-year update on the mouse model of orthotopic lung transplantation: Scientific uses, tricks of the trade, and tips for success.</a> Journal of Thoracic Disease. 4 (3), 247-258 (2012).</li><li>Song, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Standardization+of+bronchoalveolar+lavage+method+based+on+suction+frequency+number+and+lavage+fraction+number+using+rats.">Standardization of bronchoalveolar lavage method based on suction frequency number and lavage fraction number using rats.</a> Toxicological Research. 26 (3), 203-208 (2010).</li><li>Chang, J. E., Kim, H. J., Yi, E., Jheon, S., Kim, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduction+of+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+a+rat+lung+transplantation+model+by+low-concentration+GV1001.">Reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat lung transplantation model by low-concentration GV1001.</a> European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 50 (5), 972-979 (2016).</li><li>De Backer, J. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+of+the+variability+in+upper+and+lower+airway+morphology+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats+using+modern+micro-CT+scan-based+segmentation+techniques.">Study of the variability in upper and lower airway morphology in Sprague-Dawley rats using modern micro-CT scan-based segmentation techniques.</a> Anatomical Record. 292 (5), 720-727 (2009).</li><li>Nelson, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+of+isolated+ex+vivo+lung+perfusion+in+a+rat+model:+lessons+learned+from+developing+a+rat+EVLP+program.">Method of isolated ex vivo lung perfusion in a rat model: lessons learned from developing a rat EVLP program.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (96), e52309 (2015).</li><li>Suzuki, H., Fan, L., Wilkes, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+obliterative+bronchiolitis+in+a+murine+model+of+orthotopic+lung+transplantation.">Development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine model of orthotopic lung transplantation.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (65), e3947 (2012).</li><li>Jia, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+of+acute+lung+injury+by+targeting+MG53-mediated+cell+membrane+repair.">Treatment of acute lung injury by targeting MG53-mediated cell membrane repair.</a> Nature Communications. 5, 4387 (2014).</li><li>Kim, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pegylated-Catalase+Is+Protective+in+Lung+Ischemic+Injury+and+Oxidative+Stress.">Pegylated-Catalase Is Protective in Lung Ischemic Injury and Oxidative Stress.</a> Annals of Thoracic Surgery. , (2020).</li><li>Beal, E. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=D-Ala(2),+D-Leu(5)]+Enkephalin+Improves+Liver+Preservation+During+Normothermic+Ex+Vivo+Perfusion.">D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)] Enkephalin Improves Liver Preservation During Normothermic Ex Vivo Perfusion.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 241 (2), 323-335 (2019).</li><li>Akateh, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intrahepatic+Delivery+of+Pegylated+Catalase+Is+Protective+in+a+Rat+Ischemia/Reperfusion+Injury+Model.">Intrahepatic Delivery of Pegylated Catalase Is Protective in a Rat Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 238, 152-163 (2019).</li></ol>

In this report, we have intervened at several critical steps in a rat lung transplantation protocol to optimize the procedure.&#160;While various cuffing techniques for rat lung transplantation has been reported1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9...

For over three decades, researchers have been modifying and improving rat lung transplantation models so that the data generated are more consistent and more reflective of the actual clinical condition. In our laboratory&#39;s time performing this model, we have determined four areas of improvement: cuffing techniques for anastomoses, identification of the recipient&#39;s 4th intercostal space, lung inflation and wound closure during the recipient&#39;s procedure, and the harvesting of samples for analysis.
Cuffing technique modifications for anastomoses can improve the entire transplantation procedure by shortening handling time of the donor lung1,2,3,4,5,6 and making the anastomosis procedure faster and technically easier for the microsurgeon. While it is critical to use the proper sized cuffs to supply the necessary blood and airflow to the transplanted lung, there is limited guidance regarding how one should choose the size of cuffs for the pulmonary vein (PV), pulmonary artery (PA), or bronchus (Br)5,7,8,9. Since the diameters of the PV, PA, and Br are related to the body weight of the donor and recipient rats, we propose that the cuff size be based on body weight. This report provides a size guide for cuffs based on a rat&#39;s body weight (180 g to over 270 g) that serves to optimize blood and air supply to the transplanted lung (Table 1).
While a newer microsurgeon can successfully and easily procure a donor lung during the donor procedure, transplanting the lung during the recipient&#39;s procedure is more complicated and is dependent on the microsurgeon&#39;s experience. Attempts to find the 4th intercostal space to access the recipient&#39;s left lung is one of the more difficult steps that holds some subjectivity and can increase the procedure time. Therefore, we introduce a simple and objective method to assist in the identification of the 4th intercostal space location by using chest measurements and the palpitations of the heart to find the correct area chest wall to dissect4,5,6,10,11,12.
We also propose an improvement to donor lung inflation, which is a potential source of injury to the organ. The donor lung is deflated until reperfusion starts. While suturing the 4th intercostal space, the donor lung is commonly inflated by increasing PEEP from 2 cmH2O to 6 cmH2O. In order to minimize lung injury from overinflation, we propose a technique where three 6-0 nylon sutures are placed around the 4th rib inferior to the 5th rib with simple double knots. When it is time for wound closure, the ends of the three sutures are held with hemostats in both hands, the wound is closed all at once by pulling up on each side, and PEEP is immediately reduced to 2 cmH2O. In this way, the lung is allowed to expand for the shortest time possible10.
At the conclusion of an experiment, the researcher often wants to collect many types of samples for many types of analysis from each transplant. For example, snap frozen tissue, formalin fixed tissue, tissue for wet-to-dry weight ratio to determine pulmonary edema, and bronchoalvelolar lavage (BAL) fluid can all be used to assess how well the transplant went. The traditional method of collecting BAL fluid allows for a mixed pooled sample from both the recipient&#39;s native lobes and the donor&#39;s transplanted lobe13,14,15. To overcome this, we present a method of clamping the hilar areas that can yield more precise insight into the transplanted and native lungs&#39; condition. Additionally, the volume of PBS used to collect BAL fluid from each side of the lungs is important to consider because BAL fluid contains numerous soluble factors such as cytokines and chemokines that are measured by concentration. Normalizing the volume of the fluid instilled to the estimated volume of lung capacity can help with comparison. With four lobes on the right side and one lobe on the left side, each of the rat&#39;s five lobes has a different volume and surface area16. According to a previous study on volume measurement of lung lobes by Backer et al., of the total volume of the whole lung the volume of the right lobes is 63% (4400 mm3) and the left lobe is 37% (2500 mm3). Therefore, we recommend that the volume of PBS used to collect BAL fluid should be calculated as twice the tidal volume (7.2 mL/kg) multiplied by 63% for the right lung and 37% for the left lung. By using this approach, one can better control for variables like body weight and timing10,16.
In all, in this report we will demonstrate a few modifications to the standard experimental model of rat lung transplantation that can make the procedure more efficient and increase the capability of generating more accurate and plentiful data from each experiment.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>12 Gauge angio-catheter</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>382277</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>14 Gauge angio-catheter</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4251717-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>16 Gauge angio-catheter</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4252586-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 Gauge angio-catheter</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4251679-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 Gauge angio-catheter</td>
			<td>B. Braun</td>
			<td>4252527-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Surgical Specialties Corp.</td>
			<td>SP116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 nylon suture</td>
			<td>AD Surgical</td>
			<td>S-N618R13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 nylon suture</td>
			<td>AD Surgical</td>
			<td>S-N718SP13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-0 nylon suture</td>
			<td>AD Surgical</td>
			<td>XXS-N807T6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Betadine Spray</td>
			<td>Avrio Health L.P</td>
			<td>UPC 367618160039</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clippers</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>MSPP-023326</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Castroviejo micro dissecting spring scissors</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td>
			<td>RS-5668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 - Fine Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrocautery</td>
			<td>Macan</td>
			<td>MV-7A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Endotracheal intubation kit</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>ETI-MSE</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11027-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Halsted-mosquito hemostat</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td>
			<td>RS-7112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin</td>
			<td>Fresnius Medical Care</td>
			<td>C504701</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringe</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>B328446</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Piramal Critical Care</td>
			<td>NDC 66794-017-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl Alcohol Swabs</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>326895</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Hikma Pharmaceuticals PLC</td>
			<td>NDC 0413-9505-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dieffenbach Bulldog Clamp</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>WPI14117</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder/Forceps, Curved</td>
			<td>Micrins</td>
			<td>MI1542</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder/Forceps, Straight</td>
			<td>Micrins</td>
			<td>MI1540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Perfadex Plus (Organ Preservation Solution)</td>
			<td>XVIVO Perfusion AB</td>
			<td>REF# 19950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PhysioSuite</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>PS-MSTAT-RT</td>
			<td>Used to check SpO2 and heartbeat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retractor</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co</td>
			<td>RS-6560</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline</td>
			<td>PP Pharmaceuticals LLC</td>
			<td>NDC 63323-186-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14090-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SomnoSuite Small Animal Anesthesia System</td>
			<td>Kent Scientific</td>
			<td>SS-MVG-Module</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile&#160; Cotton Gauze Pad</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>22-415-469</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M500-N w/ OHS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe 5mL</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas-Tubingen Spring Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15008-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Korn Pharmaceuticals Corp</td>
			<td>NDC 59399-110-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yasargil Clamp</td>
			<td>Aesculap, Inc</td>
			<td>FT351T</td>
			<td>Used to clamp bronchus</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yasargil Clamp</td>
			<td>Aesculap, Inc</td>
			<td>FT261T</td>
			<td>Used to clamp hilum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yasargil Clamp Applicator</td>
			<td>Aesculap, Inc</td>
			<td>FT484T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a rat lung transplantation model of warm ischemia/reperfusion injury: optimizations to improve outcomes

From our experience with rat lung transplantation, we have found several areas for improvement. Information in the existing literature regarding methods for choosing appropriate cuff sizes for the pulmonary vein (PV), pulmonary artery (PA), or bronchus (Br) are varied, thus making the determination of proper cuff size during rat lung transplantation an exercise of trial and error. By standardizing the cuffing technique to use the smallest effective cuff appropriate for the size of the vessel or bronchus, one can make the transplantation procedure safer, faster, and more successful. Since diameters of the PV, PA, and Br are related to the body weight of the rat, we present a strategy to choosing an appropriate size using a weight-based guide. Since lung volume is also related to body weight, we recommend that this relationship should also be considered when choosing the proper volume of air for donor lung inflation during warm ischemia as well as for the proper volume of PBS to be instilled during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid collection. We also describe methods for 4th intercostal space dissection, wound closure, and sample collection from both the native and transplanted lobes.

In order to measure pulmonary edema, the wet-to-dry weight ratio was calculated. The donor&#39;s native lobe, the transplanted lobe, and the recipient&#39;s native lobe were collected as described in the protocol and weighed immediately for wet weight, dried at 60 &#176;C for 48 h, and then weighed again for the dry weight. An increased wet-to-dry weight ratio would be indicative of pulmonary edema. Our results indicate that the transplanted lobe did have a significant increase in wet-to-dry ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Rat Lung Transplantation Model of Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Optimizations to Improve Outcomes at JoVE.com 

A Rat Lung Transplantation Model of Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Optimizations to Improve Outcomes (Video) | JoVE 

Here, we present optimizations to a rat lung transplantation model that serve to improve outcomes. We provide a size guide for cuffs based on body weight, a measurement strategy to ascertain the 4th intercostal space, and methods of wound closure and BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid and tissue collection.

A Rat Lung Transplantation Model of Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Optimizations to Improve Outcomes

From our experience with rat lung transplantation, we have found several areas for improvement. Information in the existing literature regarding methods ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Normothermic Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Mouse Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (Video) | JoVE 

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common, highly lethal, complication of critical illness which has a high mortality1-4 and which is most 
frequently caused ...

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model

Stem Cell Transplantation in an in vitro Simulated Ischemia/Reperfusion Model (Video) | JoVE 

Stem cell transplantation protocols are finding their way into clinical practice1,2,3. Getting better results, making the protocols more robust, and ...

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

In situ Transverse Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous Flap: A Rat Model of Myocutaneous Ischemia Reperfusion Injury (Video) | JoVE 

Free tissue transfer is the gold standard of reconstructive surgery to repair complex defects not amenable to local options or those requiring composite ...

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice (Video) | JoVE 

Ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury (IR-AKI) is widely used as a model of AKI in mice, but results are often quite variable with high, often ...

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery (Video) | JoVE 

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms ...

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program

Method of Isolated Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion in a Rat Model: Lessons Learned from Developing a Rat EVLP Program (Video) | JoVE 

The number of acceptable donor lungs available for lung transplantation is severely limited due to poor quality. Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP) has allowed ...

Induction and Assessment of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Langendorff-perfused Rat Hearts

Induction and Assessment of Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Langendorff-perfused Rat Hearts (Video) | JoVE 

The biochemical events surrounding ischemia reperfusion injury in the acute setting are of great importance to furthering novel treatment options for ...

Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Murine Model of Intestinal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury (Video) | JoVE 

Intestinal ischemia is a life-threatening condition associated with a broad range of clinical conditions including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, ...

A Mouse Model of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Elevation of Intraocular Pressure

A Mouse Model of Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Elevation of Intraocular Pressure (Video) | JoVE 

Retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a pathophysiological process contributing to cellular damage in multiple ocular conditions, including glaucoma, ...

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats

Evaluation of Coronary Flow Reserve After Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats (Video) | JoVE 

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. After an acute myocardial infarction, early and successful myocardial intervention via ...