Name: laparoscopic oocyte retrieval and cryopreservation during vaginoplasty for treatment of mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome
Uploaded: 2022-05-10T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laparoscopic Oocyte Retrieval and Cryopreservation during Vaginoplasty for Treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome at JoVE.com

No specific funding was received for this work.

The local ethical committee at the tertiary referral center for MRKHS (IRCCS San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy) was notified and approved the protocol before its implementation in July 2017. All patients or guardians gave signed informed consent for laparoscopic oocyte retrieval and cryopreservation during vaginoplasty and for the use of anonymized clinical/laboratory data for scientific purposes.
1. Team composition
<ol>
	<li>Designate a dedicated team, compose...

<ol>
	<li>Committee on Adolescent Health Care. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ACOG+Committee+Opinion+No.+728:+M&#252;llerian+Agenesis:+Diagnosis,+Management,+And+Treatment.">ACOG Committee Opinion No. 728: M&#252;llerian Agenesis: Diagnosis, Management, And Treatment.</a> Obstetrics and Gynecology. 131 (1), 35-42 (2018).</li><li>Reichman, D. E., Laufer, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser+syndrome:+Fertility+counseling+and+treatment.">Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser syndrome: Fertility counseling and treatment.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 94 (5), 1941-1943 (2010).</li><li>Ben-Rafael, Z., Bar-Hava, I., Levy, T., Orvieto, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplifying+ovulation+induction+for+surrogacy+in+women+with+Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser+syndrome.">Simplifying ovulation induction for surrogacy in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome.</a> Human Reproduction. 13 (6), 1470-1471 (1998).</li><li>Beski, S., Gorgy, A., Venkat, G., Craft, I. 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E., Atabeko&#287;lu, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transabdominal+ultrasound+guided+oocyte+retrieval+using+vaginal+ultrasound+probe:+Definition+of+the+technique.">Transabdominal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval using vaginal ultrasound probe: Definition of the technique.</a> The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 47 (2), 800-806 (2021).</li><li>Raju, G. A., Haranath, G. B., Krishna, K. M., Prakash, G. J., Madan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Successful+pregnancy+with+laparoscopic+oocyte+retrieval+and+in+vitro+fertilization+in+Mullerian+agenesis.">Successful pregnancy with laparoscopic oocyte retrieval and in vitro fertilization in Mullerian agenesis.</a> Singapore Medicine Journal. 47 (4), 329-331 (2006).</li><li>Liszewska-Kap&#322;on, M., Str&#243;zik, M., Kotarski, &. #. 3. 2. 1. ;., Bag&#322;aj, M., Hirnle, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser+syndrome+as+an+interdisciplinary+problem.">Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser syndrome as an interdisciplinary problem.</a> Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 29 (4), 505-511 (2020).</li><li>Wagner, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Treatment+management+during+the+adolescent+transition+period+of+girls+and+young+women+with+Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser+syndrome+(MRKHS):+A+systematic+literature+review.">Treatment management during the adolescent transition period of girls and young women with Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS): A systematic literature review.</a> Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 11 (1), 152 (2016).</li><li>Bean, E. J., Mazur, T., Robinson, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser+syndrome:+sexuality,+psychological+effects,+and+quality+of+life.">Mayer-Rokitansky-K&#252;ster-Hauser syndrome: sexuality, psychological effects, and quality of life.</a> Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 22 (6), 339-346 (2009).</li></ol>

This protocol reduces the invasiveness in the treatment of MRKHS by combining the procedures of vaginoplasty and oocyte retrieval. To this purpose, it is crucial that a dedicated team is designated to ensure that the timing of COS, the surgical procedure, and oocyte vitrification are scheduled efficiently.
MRKHS patients for whom this combined laparoscopic method is expected to be most beneficial are those in whom a transvaginal retrieval would be considered technically challenging or unfeasib...

With an incidence of approximately 1 in 4-10,000 women, MRKHS is the cause of 15% of primary amenorrhea cases. MRKHS is characterized by the congenital absence of the upper segment of the vagina and the uterus, whereas urinary tract and skeletal anomalies are associated variably. More specifically, a vaginal vault with a depth of 1-2 cm is usually present, and two rudimental uterine horns may be found1.
In the past, the primary medical interest in MRKHS was to enable normal sexual intercourse, which generally requires the construction of a neovagina by either non-surgical or surgical approaches2. However, advances in reproductive medicine currently allow genetic motherhood in MRKHS patients, by either surrogacy3,4 or-more recently-uterus transplantation5. While uterus transplantation is still an experimental procedure, surrogacy is available in many countries worldwide6, and reported obstetric and psychosocial outcomes are comparable to those of standard in vitro fertilization and oocyte donation7.
Both surrogacy and uterus transplantation require oocyte retrieval and in vitro fertilization, but no consensus exists on how to perform egg collection in patients with MRKHS. A transvaginal approach can be unfeasible because of insufficient vaginal elasticity8 even after vaginoplasty, atypical location of the ovaries9, or excessive distance between the ovaries and the vaginal cuff4,10. In these cases, laparoscopic oocyte retrieval represents the optimal approach in terms of surgical access. However, as most MRKHS patients currently undergo laparoscopic neovaginoplasty, we suggest performing a laparoscopic oocyte retrieval at the time of surgery for vaginoplasty11, followed by oocyte cryopreservation for future use, thus minimizing invasiveness while combining the treatment of the sexual and reproductive function of MRKHS patients.
Demographic data of patients 
Twenty-three MRKH patients underwent treatment with this protocol so far. Anamnestic, instrumental, and laboratory findings of patients are summarized in Table 1. Unless specified in Table 1, no associated congenital anomalies were found.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Oocyte retrieval procedure</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 O2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Sanyo</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar Flow Hood</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Portable incubator</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumables</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>14 mL Polystyrene Round-Bottom Tube</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352057</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-well dish</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>144444</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60 mm Petri dish</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>FA9150270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>90 mm Petri dish</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>FA9150360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Serum Albumin 100 mg/ml in Normal Saline (5%)</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>3001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil for embryo culture</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>4008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One Well Dish</td>
			<td>Oosafe</td>
			<td>OOPW-CW05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quinn&#8217;s Advantage Fertilization medium SAGE</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>1020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quinn&#8217;s Advantage medium with HEPES</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>1024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile glass pasteur pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oocyte denudation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 O2 Incubator</td>
			<td>Sanyo</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flexipet adjustable handle set</td>
			<td>Cook</td>
			<td>G18674</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminar Flow Hood</td>
			<td>Cooper Surgical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Consumables</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-well dish</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>144444</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CSCM (Continuos single culture) medium</td>
			<td>Fujifilm irvine Scientific</td>
			<td>90165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Albumin 100 mg/mL in Normal Saline (5%)</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>3001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hyaluronidase</td>
			<td>Fujifilm Irvine Scientific</td>
			<td>90101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IVF culture 60 mm petri dish</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>FA9150270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil for embryo culture</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>4008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One Well Dish</td>
			<td>Oosafe</td>
			<td>OOPW-CW05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quinn&#8217;s Advantage medium with HEPES</td>
			<td>Origio</td>
			<td>1024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Serum Substitute Supplement</td>
			<td>Fujifilm irvine Scientific</td>
			<td>99193</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile glass pasteur pipettes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stripping pipette tips (140 &#956;m)</td>
			<td>Cook</td>
			<td>K-FPIP-1140-10BS-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stripping pipette tips (170 &#956;m)</td>
			<td>Cook</td>
			<td>K-FPIP-1170-10BS-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oocyte vitrification</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35 mm Petri dish</td>
			<td>NUNC</td>
			<td>150255</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>60 mm Petri dish</td>
			<td>NUNC</td>
			<td>150270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>90 mm Petri dish</td>
			<td>NUNC</td>
			<td>150360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Container for Cooling rack</td>
			<td>Kitazato</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryodevice/cryotop</td>
			<td>Kitazato</td>
			<td>81111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electronic timer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flexipet</td>
			<td>COOK</td>
			<td>K- 1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gilson Pipetman</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>F123601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lab Printer LabXpert</td>
			<td>Brady</td>
			<td>XSL-86-461</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tips 20-200 &#181;L</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>2160G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tips 2-20 &#181;L</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>2139-HR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Visotubes</td>
			<td>Cryo Bio System</td>
			<td>20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vitrification Freeze Kit</td>
			<td>Fujifilm Irvine Scientific</td>
			<td>90133-SO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vitrification Thaw kit</td>
			<td>Fujifilm Irvine Scientific</td>
			<td>90137-SO</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

laparoscopic oocyte retrieval and cryopreservation during vaginoplasty for treatment of mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome

In Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) patients who are scheduled for laparoscopic vaginoplasty and have a desire for biological motherhood, we propose that a concomitant laparoscopic oocyte retrieval for cryopreservation is performed. Oocyte retrieval is pursued at the beginning of the laparoscopy. Right and left 5 mm trocars are positioned, through which a 17 G ovum aspiration needle is used for puncture of the right and left ovaries, respectively. To facilitate exposure of the follicles, the ovaries are mobilized and held with laparoscopic forceps.
When aspirating multiple follicles near each other, the needle tip is retained in the ovary to reduce the number of times that the ovarian cortex is transfixed and due to the inherent risk of bleeding. Subsequent steps are unchanged compared to the Davydov laparoscopic modified technique for vaginoplasty. Prior to surgery, controlled ovarian stimulation is performed with a gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) antagonist protocol, and the concomitant procedure of oocyte retrieval and vaginoplasty is scheduled 36 h after the final follicular maturation trigger. Follicular fluid is collected in the same 10 mL sterile tubes used during transvaginal oocyte retrieval and transferred in a warming block (37 &#176;C) to the assisted reproduction laboratory, where mature (metaphase II) oocytes are vitrified.
In this case, a series of 23 women with MRKH, oocytes were successfully retrieved and cryopreserved in all patients; vaginoplasty was subsequently conducted without modifications, and the inpatient and outpatient postoperative care (day of urinary catheter removal, day of hospital discharge, dilator use, and comfort at follow-up) remained unaffected. One postoperative complication occurred in one patient (fever developing on day 5 post surgery and intraperitoneal fluid detection on transabdominal ultrasound) and resolved after conservative treatment. Rather than performing surgical vaginoplasty and delaying oocyte retrieval in MRKH patients, this approach combines both procedures in a single laparoscopy, thereby minimizing surgical invasiveness and anesthesiologic risks.

Table 2 includes ovarian stimulation data of the patients, whereas main surgical and functional outcomes are described in Table 3. The concomitant laparoscopic procedures of oocyte retrieval and vaginoplasty were combined successfully in all patients. An average of 11.4 &#177; 5.4 (mean &#177; SD) oocytes were retrieved, and 9.6 &#177; 4.3 MII oocytes were cryopreserved (Table 3). In our experience with oocyte cryopreservation in patients undergoing ART, postwarming oocy...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Laparoscopic Oocyte Retrieval and Cryopreservation during Vaginoplasty for Treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome at JoVE.com

Laparoscopic Oocyte Retrieval and Cryopreservation during Vaginoplasty for Treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

A dedicated team can offer Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser patients the option to perform controlled ovarian stimulation and oocyte cryopreservation at the time of laparoscopic vaginoplasty.

In Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) patients who are scheduled for laparoscopic vaginoplasty and have a desire for biological motherhood, ...

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Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Approximately 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drugs. In these cases, surgery is the only alternative to eliminate/control ...

Laparoscopic Technique for Serial Collection of Liver and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Macaques

The mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and the liver are exposed to microbes and microbial products from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, making them ...

Transaxillary First Rib Resection for Treatment of the Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a common disorder that causes a significant loss of productivity. The transaxillary first rib resection (TFRR) protocol ...

Laparoscopic Radical Left Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer: Surgical Strategy and Technique Video

Radical resection margins, resection of Gerota&#8217;s (perirenal) fascia, and adequate lymph node dissection are crucial for an adequate oncological ...

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for 5%&ndash;10% of all urothelial tumors. Radical nephroureterectomy is the standard treatment ...

OP-IVM: Combining In vitro Maturation after Oocyte Retrieval with Gynecological Surgery

The use of in vitro maturation (IVM) before gynecological operation (OP-IVM) is an extension of conventional IVM that combines IVM following oocyte ...

Surgical Techniques to Optimize Ovarian Reserve during Laparoscopic Cystectomy for Ovarian Endometrioma

Surgical management of ovarian endometrioma in patients desiring fertility is complicated by the need to balance maximal resection of disease with efforts ...