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Chapter 15

Game Theory

مقدمة في نظرية الألعاب
مقدمة في نظرية الألعاب
Game theory can be considered the study of strategic decision-making. It applies mathematical models to understand how people make choices when their ...
الألعاب التعاونية مقابل الألعاب غير التعاونية
الألعاب التعاونية مقابل الألعاب غير التعاونية
In game theory, a game is a scenario where players make decisions to achieve their goals, considering the possible choices of others. These games are ...
اللاعب والاستراتيجيات
اللاعب والاستراتيجيات
Players are individuals or groups who make decisions. These decisions impact not only their outcomes but also those of other players. For example, in a ...
لعبة محصلتها صفر وغير صفرية
لعبة محصلتها صفر وغير صفرية
Games can be classified as Zero-sum games and Non-zero-sum games. A Zero-sum game is one where the gain of one player is exactly equal to the loss of ...
رشاوي
رشاوي
A payoff is an outcome that a player receives from participating in a game based on the actions they and their opponents choose. It can vary depending on ...
الاستراتيجيات المهيمنة والمهيمنة
الاستراتيجيات المهيمنة والمهيمنة
A dominant strategy is one that results in the highest payoff for a player, no matter what the other players decide to do. Conversely, a dominated ...
التوازن في الاستراتيجيات المهيمنة
التوازن في الاستراتيجيات المهيمنة
Equilibrium in dominant strategies occurs when each player chooses their best strategy regardless of what others do. This simplifies analysis since the ...
معضلة السجين #39s I
معضلة السجين #39s I
A Nash Equilibrium occurs when all players in a game choose strategies that are best for them, given the strategies chosen by the others. No player can ...
معضلة السجين #39s II
معضلة السجين #39s II
The matrix provided represents the payoffs of a Prisoner's Dilemma. To find the Nash Equilibrium, first consider Suspect A's options. If B remains ...
توازن ناش في ألعاب الفترة الواحدة
توازن ناش في ألعاب الفترة الواحدة
Consider two rival mobile catering services, T-Truck and B-Van. They must independently choose to serve lunch either downtown or in the industrial area ...
توازنات متعددة
توازنات متعددة
Burger Queen (BQ) and King's Burger (KB) are deciding whether to launch a new spicy burger during the summer, fall, or not at all. Both chains benefit ...
استراتيجيات مختلطة
استراتيجيات مختلطة
Players typically select a pure strategy where they choose a specific action with certainty. However, not all games allow for pure strategies, leading ...
استراتيجية ماكسيمين I
استراتيجية ماكسيمين I
A maximin strategy is used by a player to minimize potential losses in the worst-case scenario. The strategy involves choosing the option that maximizes ...
استراتيجية ماكسيمين الثانية
استراتيجية ماكسيمين الثانية
Consider two companies in the electric vehicle charging market, both considering investing in ultra-fast charging technology. Here's their payoff ...
ألعاب متكررة بشكل محدود
ألعاب متكررة بشكل محدود
Repeated games involve playing the same game multiple times with the same players. These games are crucial in understanding how decisions evolve over ...
ألعاب متكررة بلا حدود
ألعاب متكررة بلا حدود
An infinitely repeated game is one in which players repeatedly engage in the same game without a predetermined end. Examples include firms repeatedly ...
ألعاب متسلسلة
ألعاب متسلسلة
Sequential games involve scenarios where one player moves first, and other players observe this action before making their own decisions. Decision trees ...
لعبة متسلسلة: الحث العكسي
لعبة متسلسلة: الحث العكسي
Backward induction can be used to solve sequential games and find the perfect Nash equilibrium. It works by reasoning backward from the end of the game to ...
التحركات الاستراتيجية: المدفوعات الجانبية
التحركات الاستراتيجية: المدفوعات الجانبية
Side payments are a strategy where one player offers something to the opponent to persuade them to act in a way that benefits the first player. Let's ...
التزام
التزام
In a sequential game, credible commitment means players make promises or threats they are likely to keep because they have no incentive to deviate from ...
ردع الدخول: تطبيق المصداقية
ردع الدخول: تطبيق المصداقية
In game theory, entry deterrence discourages competitors from entering a market by creating credible threats or signals that make entry risky. Consider ...
ذكر
ذكر
In game theory,'reputation to deter entry' explores how firms discourage competitors by building a reputation for aggressive responses. Consider ...
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