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Chapter 15

Game Theory

Введение в теорию игр
Введение в теорию игр
Game theory can be considered the study of strategic decision-making. It applies mathematical models to understand how people make choices when their ...
Кооперативные и некооперативные игры
Кооперативные и некооперативные игры
In game theory, a game is a scenario where players make decisions to achieve their goals, considering the possible choices of others. These games are ...
Игрок и стратегии
Игрок и стратегии
Players are individuals or groups who make decisions. These decisions impact not only their outcomes but also those of other players. For example, in a ...
Игра с нулевой и ненулевой суммой
Игра с нулевой и ненулевой суммой
Games can be classified as Zero-sum games and Non-zero-sum games. A Zero-sum game is one where the gain of one player is exactly equal to the loss of ...
Выплаты
Выплаты
A payoff is an outcome that a player receives from participating in a game based on the actions they and their opponents choose. It can vary depending on ...
Стратегии доминирования и доминирования
Стратегии доминирования и доминирования
A dominant strategy is one that results in the highest payoff for a player, no matter what the other players decide to do. Conversely, a dominated ...
Равновесие в доминирующих стратегиях
Равновесие в доминирующих стратегиях
Equilibrium in dominant strategies occurs when each player chooses their best strategy regardless of what others do. This simplifies analysis since the ...
Заключенный #39s Дилемма I
Заключенный #39s Дилемма I
A Nash Equilibrium occurs when all players in a game choose strategies that are best for them, given the strategies chosen by the others. No player can ...
Дилемма заключенного #39s II
Дилемма заключенного #39s II
The matrix provided represents the payoffs of a Prisoner's Dilemma. To find the Nash Equilibrium, first consider Suspect A's options. If B remains ...
Равновесие Нэша в однопериодных играх
Равновесие Нэша в однопериодных играх
Consider two rival mobile catering services, T-Truck and B-Van. They must independently choose to serve lunch either downtown or in the industrial area ...
Множественные равновесия
Множественные равновесия
Burger Queen (BQ) and King's Burger (KB) are deciding whether to launch a new spicy burger during the summer, fall, or not at all. Both chains benefit ...
Смешанные стратегии
Смешанные стратегии
Players typically select a pure strategy where they choose a specific action with certainty. However, not all games allow for pure strategies, leading ...
Стратегия Максимина I
Стратегия Максимина I
A maximin strategy is used by a player to minimize potential losses in the worst-case scenario. The strategy involves choosing the option that maximizes ...
Стратегия Максимина II
Стратегия Максимина II
Consider two companies in the electric vehicle charging market, both considering investing in ultra-fast charging technology. Here's their payoff ...
Конечно-повторяющиеся игры
Конечно-повторяющиеся игры
Repeated games involve playing the same game multiple times with the same players. These games are crucial in understanding how decisions evolve over ...
Бесконечно повторяющиеся игры
Бесконечно повторяющиеся игры
An infinitely repeated game is one in which players repeatedly engage in the same game without a predetermined end. Examples include firms repeatedly ...
Последовательные игры
Последовательные игры
Sequential games involve scenarios where one player moves first, and other players observe this action before making their own decisions. Decision trees ...
Последовательная игра: обратная индукция
Последовательная игра: обратная индукция
Backward induction can be used to solve sequential games and find the perfect Nash equilibrium. It works by reasoning backward from the end of the game to ...
Стратегические ходы: побочные платежи
Стратегические ходы: побочные платежи
Side payments are a strategy where one player offers something to the opponent to persuade them to act in a way that benefits the first player. Let's ...
Обязательство
Обязательство
In a sequential game, credible commitment means players make promises or threats they are likely to keep because they have no incentive to deviate from ...
Сдерживание входа: применение доверия
Сдерживание входа: применение доверия
In game theory, entry deterrence discourages competitors from entering a market by creating credible threats or signals that make entry risky. Consider ...
Репутация
Репутация
In game theory,'reputation to deter entry' explores how firms discourage competitors by building a reputation for aggressive responses. Consider ...
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