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Chapter 15

Game Theory

博弈论导论
博弈论导论
Game theory can be considered the study of strategic decision-making. It applies mathematical models to understand how people make choices when their ...
合作游戏与非合作游戏
合作游戏与非合作游戏
In game theory, a game is a scenario where players make decisions to achieve their goals, considering the possible choices of others. These games are ...
玩家和策略
玩家和策略
Players are individuals or groups who make decisions. These decisions impact not only their outcomes but also those of other players. For example, in a ...
零和游戏和非零和游戏
零和游戏和非零和游戏
Games can be classified as Zero-sum games and Non-zero-sum games. A Zero-sum game is one where the gain of one player is exactly equal to the loss of ...
回报
回报
A payoff is an outcome that a player receives from participating in a game based on the actions they and their opponents choose. It can vary depending on ...
主导策略和主导策略
主导策略和主导策略
A dominant strategy is one that results in the highest payoff for a player, no matter what the other players decide to do. Conversely, a dominated ...
主导策略中的均衡
主导策略中的均衡
Equilibrium in dominant strategies occurs when each player chooses their best strategy regardless of what others do. This simplifies analysis since the ...
囚徒 #39s 困境 I
囚徒 #39s 困境 I
A Nash Equilibrium occurs when all players in a game choose strategies that are best for them, given the strategies chosen by the others. No player can ...
囚徒&#39s 困境 II
囚徒's 困境 II
The matrix provided represents the payoffs of a Prisoner's Dilemma. To find the Nash Equilibrium, first consider Suspect A's options. If B remains ...
单周期博弈中的纳什均衡
单周期博弈中的纳什均衡
Consider two rival mobile catering services, T-Truck and B-Van. They must independently choose to serve lunch either downtown or in the industrial area ...
多重均衡
多重均衡
Burger Queen (BQ) and King's Burger (KB) are deciding whether to launch a new spicy burger during the summer, fall, or not at all. Both chains benefit ...
混合策略
混合策略
Players typically select a pure strategy where they choose a specific action with certainty. However, not all games allow for pure strategies, leading ...
Maximin 策略 I
Maximin 策略 I
A maximin strategy is used by a player to minimize potential losses in the worst-case scenario. The strategy involves choosing the option that maximizes ...
Maximin Strategy II (美信策略 II)
Maximin Strategy II (美信策略 II)
Consider two companies in the electric vehicle charging market, both considering investing in ultra-fast charging technology. Here's their payoff ...
有限重复的游戏
有限重复的游戏
Repeated games involve playing the same game multiple times with the same players. These games are crucial in understanding how decisions evolve over ...
无限重复的游戏
无限重复的游戏
An infinitely repeated game is one in which players repeatedly engage in the same game without a predetermined end. Examples include firms repeatedly ...
顺序游戏
顺序游戏
Sequential games involve scenarios where one player moves first, and other players observe this action before making their own decisions. Decision trees ...
顺序游戏:向后归纳
顺序游戏:向后归纳
Backward induction can be used to solve sequential games and find the perfect Nash equilibrium. It works by reasoning backward from the end of the game to ...
战略举措:Side Payments
战略举措:Side Payments
Side payments are a strategy where one player offers something to the opponent to persuade them to act in a way that benefits the first player. Let's ...
承诺
承诺
In a sequential game, credible commitment means players make promises or threats they are likely to keep because they have no incentive to deviate from ...
入境威慑:可信度
入境威慑:可信度
In game theory, entry deterrence discourages competitors from entering a market by creating credible threats or signals that make entry risky. Consider ...
声誉
声誉
In game theory,'reputation to deter entry' explores how firms discourage competitors by building a reputation for aggressive responses. Consider ...
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