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Chapter 15

Game Theory

Wprowadzenie do teorii gier
Wprowadzenie do teorii gier
Game theory can be considered the study of strategic decision-making. It applies mathematical models to understand how people make choices when their ...
Gry kooperacyjne i niekooperacyjne
Gry kooperacyjne i niekooperacyjne
In game theory, a game is a scenario where players make decisions to achieve their goals, considering the possible choices of others. These games are ...
Gracz i strategie
Gracz i strategie
Players are individuals or groups who make decisions. These decisions impact not only their outcomes but also those of other players. For example, in a ...
Gra o sumie zerowej i niezerowej
Gra o sumie zerowej i niezerowej
Games can be classified as Zero-sum games and Non-zero-sum games. A Zero-sum game is one where the gain of one player is exactly equal to the loss of ...
Wypłat
Wypłat
A payoff is an outcome that a player receives from participating in a game based on the actions they and their opponents choose. It can vary depending on ...
Strategie dominujące i zdominowane
Strategie dominujące i zdominowane
A dominant strategy is one that results in the highest payoff for a player, no matter what the other players decide to do. Conversely, a dominated ...
Równowaga w dominujących strategiach
Równowaga w dominujących strategiach
Equilibrium in dominant strategies occurs when each player chooses their best strategy regardless of what others do. This simplifies analysis since the ...
Dylemat więźnia#39s I
Dylemat więźnia#39s I
A Nash Equilibrium occurs when all players in a game choose strategies that are best for them, given the strategies chosen by the others. No player can ...
Dylemat więźnia#39s II
Dylemat więźnia#39s II
The matrix provided represents the payoffs of a Prisoner's Dilemma. To find the Nash Equilibrium, first consider Suspect A's options. If B remains ...
Równowaga Nasha w meczach jednookresowych
Równowaga Nasha w meczach jednookresowych
Consider two rival mobile catering services, T-Truck and B-Van. They must independently choose to serve lunch either downtown or in the industrial area ...
Równowaga wielokrotna
Równowaga wielokrotna
Burger Queen (BQ) and King's Burger (KB) are deciding whether to launch a new spicy burger during the summer, fall, or not at all. Both chains benefit ...
Strategie mieszane
Strategie mieszane
Players typically select a pure strategy where they choose a specific action with certainty. However, not all games allow for pure strategies, leading ...
Strategia Maximina I
Strategia Maximina I
A maximin strategy is used by a player to minimize potential losses in the worst-case scenario. The strategy involves choosing the option that maximizes ...
Strategia Maximina II
Strategia Maximina II
Consider two companies in the electric vehicle charging market, both considering investing in ultra-fast charging technology. Here's their payoff ...
Skończenie powtarzające się gry
Skończenie powtarzające się gry
Repeated games involve playing the same game multiple times with the same players. These games are crucial in understanding how decisions evolve over ...
Gry powtarzane w nieskończoność
Gry powtarzane w nieskończoność
An infinitely repeated game is one in which players repeatedly engage in the same game without a predetermined end. Examples include firms repeatedly ...
Gry sekwencyjne
Gry sekwencyjne
Sequential games involve scenarios where one player moves first, and other players observe this action before making their own decisions. Decision trees ...
Gra sekwencyjna: indukcja wsteczna
Gra sekwencyjna: indukcja wsteczna
Backward induction can be used to solve sequential games and find the perfect Nash equilibrium. It works by reasoning backward from the end of the game to ...
Posunięcia strategiczne: Płatności poboczne
Posunięcia strategiczne: Płatności poboczne
Side payments are a strategy where one player offers something to the opponent to persuade them to act in a way that benefits the first player. Let's ...
Zobowiązanie
Zobowiązanie
In a sequential game, credible commitment means players make promises or threats they are likely to keep because they have no incentive to deviate from ...
Odstraszanie od wjazdu: zastosowana wiarygodność
Odstraszanie od wjazdu: zastosowana wiarygodność
In game theory, entry deterrence discourages competitors from entering a market by creating credible threats or signals that make entry risky. Consider ...
Reputacja
Reputacja
In game theory,'reputation to deter entry' explores how firms discourage competitors by building a reputation for aggressive responses. Consider ...
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