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Chapter 15

Game Theory

Introduction to Game Theory
Introduction to Game Theory
Game theory can be considered the study of strategic decision-making. It applies mathematical models to understand how people make choices when their ...
Cooperative vs. Non-Cooperative Games
Cooperative vs. Non-Cooperative Games
In game theory, a game is a scenario where players make decisions to achieve their goals, considering the possible choices of others. These games are ...
Player and Strategies
Player and Strategies
Players are individuals or groups who make decisions. These decisions impact not only their outcomes but also those of other players. For example, in a ...
Zero-Sum and Non-Zero-Sum Game
Zero-Sum and Non-Zero-Sum Game
Games can be classified as Zero-sum games and Non-zero-sum games. A Zero-sum game is one where the gain of one player is exactly equal to the loss of ...
Payoffs
Payoffs
A payoff is an outcome that a player receives from participating in a game based on the actions they and their opponents choose. It can vary depending on ...
Dominant and Dominated Strategies
Dominant and Dominated Strategies
A dominant strategy is one that results in the highest payoff for a player, no matter what the other players decide to do. Conversely, a dominated ...
Equilibrium in Dominant Strategies
Equilibrium in Dominant Strategies
Equilibrium in dominant strategies occurs when each player chooses their best strategy regardless of what others do. This simplifies analysis since the ...
Prisoner&#39s Dilemma I
Prisoner's Dilemma I
A Nash Equilibrium occurs when all players in a game choose strategies that are best for them, given the strategies chosen by the others. No player can ...
Prisoner&#39s Dilemma II
Prisoner's Dilemma II
The matrix provided represents the payoffs of a Prisoner's Dilemma. To find the Nash Equilibrium, first consider Suspect A's options. If B remains ...
Nash Equilibrium in One-Period Games
Nash Equilibrium in One-Period Games
Consider two rival mobile catering services, T-Truck and B-Van. They must independently choose to serve lunch either downtown or in the industrial area ...
Multiple Equilibria
Multiple Equilibria
Burger Queen (BQ) and King's Burger (KB) are deciding whether to launch a new spicy burger during the summer, fall, or not at all. Both chains benefit ...
Mixed Strategies
Mixed Strategies
Players typically select a pure strategy where they choose a specific action with certainty. However, not all games allow for pure strategies, leading ...
The Maximin Strategy I
The Maximin Strategy I
A maximin strategy is used by a player to minimize potential losses in the worst-case scenario. The strategy involves choosing the option that maximizes ...
The Maximin Strategy II
The Maximin Strategy II
Consider two companies in the electric vehicle charging market, both considering investing in ultra-fast charging technology. Here's their payoff ...
Finitely Repeated Games
Finitely Repeated Games
Repeated games involve playing the same game multiple times with the same players. These games are crucial in understanding how decisions evolve over ...
Infinitely Repeated Games
Infinitely Repeated Games
An infinitely repeated game is one in which players repeatedly engage in the same game without a predetermined end. Examples include firms repeatedly ...
Sequential Games
Sequential Games
Sequential games involve scenarios where one player moves first, and other players observe this action before making their own decisions. Decision trees ...
Sequential Game: Backward Induction
Sequential Game: Backward Induction
Backward induction can be used to solve sequential games and find the perfect Nash equilibrium. It works by reasoning backward from the end of the game to ...
Strategic Moves: Side Payments
Strategic Moves: Side Payments
Side payments are a strategy where one player offers something to the opponent to persuade them to act in a way that benefits the first player. Let's ...
Commitment
Commitment
In a sequential game, credible commitment means players make promises or threats they are likely to keep because they have no incentive to deviate from ...
Entry Deterrence: Credibility Applied
Entry Deterrence: Credibility Applied
In game theory, entry deterrence discourages competitors from entering a market by creating credible threats or signals that make entry risky. Consider ...
Reputation
Reputation
In game theory,'reputation to deter entry' explores how firms discourage competitors by building a reputation for aggressive responses. Consider ...
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