وأيد هذا العمل من قبل المعاهد الوطنية للصحة منح R01 HD050901 إلى مليون متر مكعب وزمالة جمعية السرطان الاميركية بعد الدكتوراة # PF - 05 - 041 - 01 - DDC إلى TG.

<ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> وسيتم تشريح والزرد الرجال أولا ، تليها الأسماك الإناث. قبل البدء في عملية التشريح ، تخدير سمكة في Tricaine 0.2 ٪ ومن ثم الموت ببطء من قبل الحضانة في الماء المثلج لمدة 15 دقيقة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> أبدأ التربيت بخفة السمك الجاف على منشفة ورقية ، ووضعه على حصيرة تشريح. خارجيا ، الزرد واحدة ظهرية والزعانف الذيلية والشرجية وإقران الزعانف الصدرية والحوض (الشكل 1). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig1.jpg" alt="الشكل 1" /> الشكل 1. الأسماك الذكور البالغين مع زعانف المسمى. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> دبوس الأسماك إلى تشريح حصيرة من خلال الجزء السمين من الذيل والجزء البطني من تجويف العين. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> قص الجلد على بطن السمكة الأمامي فقط على الزعنفة الشرجية. قطع الجلد والعضلات الكامنة على طول البطن من الزعنفة الشرجية لالوصاد (وهي غطاء الثابت على مدى جيل) (الشكل 2 ، الخطوة 1). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig2.jpg" alt="الشكل 2" /> الشكل 2. خطوات في إزالة الجلد والعضلات جدار الجسم للكشف عن الأعضاء الداخلية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> المقبل ، إزالة الوصاد والزعانف الصدرية ، بما في ذلك حزام الصدرية (وسميكة ، والمنطقة العظمية عند قاعدة الزعنفة) (الشكل 2 ، الخطوة 2). قطع الجلد والعضلات الأساسية بداية من فوق الخلف الخيشومية تعرض الآن على طول الجانب من الأسماك ومن ثم وصولا الى الزعنفة الشرجية (الشكل 2 ، الخطوة 3). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة بعناية الجلد والعضلات الأساسية من جانب السمك. العديد من الأعضاء الداخلية هي الآن مرئية (الشكل 3). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig3.jpg" alt="الشكل 3" /> إزالة الرقم 3. الأسماك الذكور البالغين مع جدار الجسم والعضلات مما يتيح للتصور من الأعضاء الداخلية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> الخصيتين هي ، بيضاء طويلة ، وأجهزة المقترنة التي تعلق على جدار الجسم الظهرية. إزالة الخصية ووضعه في طبق من برنامج تلفزيوني. فحص الخصية مع الضوء المنعكس على تصور الأنابيب المنوية (الشكل 4) ، والتي تحتوي على الأكياس مع مراحل مختلفة من الخلايا الجرثومية النامية من spermatagonia إلى أرومة النطفة (ليال وآخرون ، 2009). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig4.jpg" alt="الشكل 4" /> الشكل 4. تشريح للخصية. هياكل بيضاء مدور هي الأنابيب المنوية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> المقبل ، إزالة الجهاز الهضمي من تجويف الجسم من الأسماك. يمكن التعرف على الكبد بحجمه الكبير ، مورفولوجيا الفصوص ، واللون tannish ، والأوعية الدموية واسعة النطاق. تم العثور على المرارة ، خضراء شفافة كيس السائل شغلها ، والطحال ، والذي يظهر أحمر مشرق ، في الأحشاء. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> فصل الأمعاء عن بقية الأجهزة وتمتد بها. يتم تعريف الأمامية ، ومناطق متوسطة ، والخلفي للأمعاء من طول طيات الظهارية (والاس وآخرون ، 2005). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ضع قطعة من الأمعاء في برنامج تلفزيوني ومراقبة طيات الطلائية باستخدام الضوء المرسل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> المقبل ، لفحص المثانة السباحة. المثانة السباحة يتكون من غرفة الخلفي ، الذي يرتبط المريء عبر القناة الهوائية ، والغرفة الأمامية ، وهذا مرتبط إلى الأذن الداخلية من خلال جهاز Weberian (فيني وآخرون ، 2006). </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة وتجاهل المثانة السباحة. نزع الدبوس الأسماك وإعادة يعلقون عليه الجانب البطني تصل إلى تشريح الكلى ، والذي يقع على طول جدار الجسم الظهرية. الكلى هو بنية شفافة الوردي المرتبطة الأبهر الظهري والخلايا الصباغية. وتنقسم الى مناطق الكلى الرأس والجسم ، والذيل (الشكل 5). تشريح قطعة من الكلى ووضعه في برنامج تلفزيوني. ندف تمزيق نسيج الكلى للكشف عن الأنابيب الكلوية. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig5.jpg" alt="الشكل 5" /> الشكل 5. المكان الرأس والجسم ، والذيل والكلى على طول جدار الجسم الظهرية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> تشريح الأسماك الإناث. كما هو موضح سابقا ، والموت ببطء السمك في الماء المثلج وبات تجف قبل أن تعلق على حصيرة تشريح. إزالة الجلد من جانب السمك كما هو موضح سابقا. المبيض هو هيكل مزدوج الفص التي علقت في تجويف الجسم بواسطة mesovarium أوعية دموية. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إزالة أحد الفص من المبيض ، وضعه في برنامج تلفزيوني ، وبحث مع الضوء المرسل. يمكن أن يكون مثار البويضات باستخدام الإبر باستثناء الغرامة وقام بعد ذلك (الشكل 6 ، سلمان وآخرون ، 1993). المرحلة الأولى هي البويضات حوالي 10 -- 150 ميكرون في الحجم وشفافة. المرحلة الثانية البويضات حوالي 150-350 ميكرون في الحجم والتي حددها ظهور حبيبات القشرية. المرحلة الثالثة هي البويضات 350-750 ميكرون في الحجم ومبهمة بسبب تراكم الصفار. مرحلة النضج الرابع والخامس والبويضات شفافة وعموما لم يتم العثور في مبايض الاناث التي تزاوج في الآونة الأخيرة. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig6.jpg" alt="الشكل 6" /> الشكل 6. مرحلة لايف الأول والثاني والثالث والبويضات تحت الملاحظةتشريح المجهر مع الضوء المرسل. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> المقبل ، تشريح القلب من الأسماك. يقع في قلب الخلفي وبطني الى الخياشيم. يبدأ عن طريق الاستغناء عن القلب وجميع الأنسجة المحيطة بها ووضعه في برنامج تلفزيوني. تشريح بعناية بعيدا عن الأنسجة المحيطة بها القلب ، والحرص على عدم الاضرار الأذين الحساسة. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> مكان القلب في حل تشريح رينغر لمراقبة ضربات القلب. تحديد الأذين ، البطين ، والشريانية بصلة (الشكل 7 ، هو وآخرون ، 2001). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig7.jpg" alt="الشكل 7" /> الشكل 7. تشريح القلب الكبار. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> إكمال تشريح الدماغ عن طريق إزالة من الأسماك. أبدأ unpinning الأسماك وإزالة الرأس مع شفرة الحلاقة. إزالة الأنسجة اللينة وأكبر قدر ممكن من الجانب البطنية من الجمجمة مع ملقط. إزالة العيون باستخدام مقص صغير الربيع. كسر فتح الجمجمة وإزالة العظام من الجانب البطنية من الدماغ. الآن مكان رأسه في طبق من برنامج تلفزيوني وإزالة عظام الجمجمة والجلد من الجانب الظهري من الدماغ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> التعرف على بصيلات الشم ، telencephalon ، العنان ، سقف البصرية ، والمخيخ والنخاع (الشكل 8 ، Wullimann وآخرون ، 1996 ؛. شيلينغ ، 2002). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig8.jpg" alt="الشكل 8" /> الشكل 8. تشريح الدماغ الزرد الكبار. عرض الظهرية ، الأمامي إلى أعلى. </li></ol>

<ol><li>Finney, J. L., Robertson, G. N., McGee, C. A., Smith, F. M., Croll, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Structure+and+Autonomic+Innervation+of+the+Swim+Bladder+in+the+Zebrafish+%28Danio+rerio%29%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Comp+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Structure and Autonomic Innervation of the Swim Bladder in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> J Comp Neurol. 495, 587-606 (2006).</li>
<li>Hu, N., Yost, H. J., Clark, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Cardiac+morphology+and+blood+pressure+in+the+adult+zebrafish%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Anat+Rec%22%5BJournal%5D)">Cardiac morphology and blood pressure in the adult zebrafish.</a> Anat Rec. 264, 1-12 (2001).</li>
<li>Leal, M. C., Cardoso, E. R., Nóbrega, R. H., Batlouni, S. R., Bogerd, J., França, L. R., Schulz, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Histological+and+stereological+evaluation+of+zebrafish+%28Danio+rerio%29+spermatogenesis+with+an+emphasis+on+spermatogonial+generations%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Biol+Reprod%22%5BJournal%5D)">Histological and stereological evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatogenesis with an emphasis on spermatogonial generations.</a> Biol Reprod. 81, 177-187 (2009).</li>
<li>Schilling, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+morphology+of+larval+and+adult+zebrafish%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Zebrafish%3A+A+Practical+Approach+%28The+Practical+Approach+Series%29%22%5BJournal%5D)">The morphology of larval and adult zebrafish.</a> Zebrafish: A Practical Approach (The Practical Approach Series). Nusslein-Volhard, C., Dahm, R. , Oxford University Press. (2002).</li>
<li>Selman, K., Wallace, R., Sarka, A., Qi, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Stages+of+oocyte+development+in+the+Zebrafish%2C+Brachydanio+rerio%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Morphol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Stages of oocyte development in the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio.</a> J. Morphol. 218, 203-224 (1993).</li>
<li>Wallace, K. N., Akhter, S., Smith, E. M., Lorent, K., Pack, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Intestinal+growth+and+differentiation+in+zebrafish%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Mech+Dev%22%5BJournal%5D)">Intestinal growth and differentiation in zebrafish.</a> Mech Dev. 122, 157-173 (2005).</li>
<li>Wullimann, M. F., Rupp, B., Reichert, H. Neuroanatomy of the zebrafish brain : a topological atlas. , Birkhäuser Verlag. (1996).</li>
</ol>

وقد أجريت تجارب على الحيوانات وفقا للمبادئ التوجيهية واللوائح التي وضعتها جامعة ولاية بنسلفانيا لرعاية الحيوان واللجنة المؤسسية الاستخدام.

الكواشف : 0.2 ٪ Tricaine (إيثيل 3 أمينوبنزوات) 200 ملغ مسحوق tricaine 97.9 مل من الماء DD ~ 1 1 مل M تريس (الرقم الهيدروجيني 9) ضبط الرقم الهيدروجيني إلى 7.0 الفوسفات مخزنة المالحة (PBS) 4.0 غرام كلوريد الصوديوم 0.1 غ بوكل 100 مل 0.1 م ب 4 العازلة ، ودرجة الحموضة 7.3 150 مل درهم 2 O قارعو الأجراس الحل 6.7g كلوريد الصوديوم 0.2g بوكل 0.2g CaCl 2 Hepes 1.2g 1 LH 2 O ضبط الرقم الهيدروجيني إلى 7.2 المعدات : تشريح الطبق مع حصيرة الإلكترون المجهر العلوم كتالوج # 70540 Vannas ربيع مقص أدوات العلوم غرامة كتالوج # 91500-09

dissection of organs from the adult zebrafish

على مدى السنوات ال 20 الماضية ، أصبح الزرد كائن نموذج قوية لفهم تطور الفقاريات والمرض. على الرغم من التحليل التجريبي للجنين واليرقة واسعة النطاق ، وقد وثقت التشكل جيدا ، وصفا للتشريح الزرد الكبار والدراسات لتنمية الهياكل الكبار وأجهزتها ، وجنبا إلى جنب مع تقنيات العمل مع الكبار مفتقدة. أجهزة اليرقة تخضع لتغييرات كبيرة في بنيتها الشاملة ، مورفولوجيا ، وموقعها التشريحي اليرقات خلال الانتقال إلى الكبار. خارجيا ، ويرقة شفافة تتميز به من تطور نمط أخلاقي الصباغ شريطية وزعانف الحوض مقترن ، بينما داخليا ، والخضوع لأجهزة النمو الهائل والتجديد. إضافة إلى ذلك ، منشم الغدد التناسلية إما ثنائي المكنة تطور الى الخصية أو المبيض. ويحدد هذا البروتوكول العديد من أجهزة الكبار ويوضح طرائق تشريح الدماغ والغدد التناسلية ، الجهاز الهضمي والقلب والكلى من الزرد الكبار. ويمكن استخدام أجهزة تشريح للتهجين في الموضع التقنيات الجزيئية المناعية ، الأنسجة ، استخراج الحمض النووي الريبي ، وتحليل البروتين ، وغيرها. وسيساعد ذلك البروتوكول في توسيع نطاق الدراسات في الزرد لتشمل إعادة تشكيل الأجهزة اليرقات ، والتشكل من أجهزة معينة للتحقيقات الكبار وغيرها من نظم الجهاز الكبار.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish

يصف هذا البروتوكول إجراء تشريح لتحديد وأعضاء من الزرد الكبار.

تشريح هيئات من اسماك الزرد الكبار

Over the last 20 years, the zebrafish has become a powerful model organism for understanding vertebrate development and disease.  Although experimental ...

dissection-of-organs-from-the-adult-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

104.6K Views.  University of Pennsylvania-School of Medicine. يصف هذا البروتوكول إجراء تشريح لتحديد وأعضاء من الزرد الكبار.

Video: Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish

Dissection of Larval Zebrafish Gonadal Tissue

Although wild zebrafish possess a ZZ/ZW sex-determination system, domesticated zebrafish have lost the sex chromosome. They utilize a polygenic sex determination system, where several genes distributed throughout the genome collectively determine the sex identities of individual fish. Currently, the genes involved in regulating gonad development and how they work remain elusive. Normally, isolating gonadal tissue is the first step to examine the sex developmental processes. Here, we present a procedure to isolate gonadal tissue from 17 dpf (days post fertilization) and 25 dpf zebrafish larvae. The isolated gonadal tissue may be subsequently examined by morphology and gene expression profiling.

Here, we present a protocol for isolating gonadal tissue of larval zebrafish, which will facilitate investigations of zebrafish sex differentiation and maintenance.

تشريح اليرقات الزرد الغدد التناسلية الأنسجة

Although wild zebrafish possess a ZZ/ZW sex-determination system, domesticated zebrafish have lost the sex chromosome. They utilize a polygenic sex ...

Developmental Biology

Dissection and Lateral Mounting of Zebrafish Embryos: Analysis of Spinal Cord Development

The zebrafish spinal cord is an effective investigative model for nervous system research for several reasons. First, genetic, transgenic and gene knockdown approaches can be utilized to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying nervous system development. Second, large clutches of developmentally synchronized embryos provide large experimental sample sizes. Third, the optical clarity of the zebrafish embryo permits researchers to visualize progenitor, glial, and neuronal populations. Although zebrafish embryos are transparent, specimen thickness can impede effective microscopic visualization. One reason for this is the tandem development of the spinal cord and overlying somite tissue. Another reason is the large yolk ball, which is still present during periods of early neurogenesis. In this article, we demonstrate microdissection and removal of the yolk in fixed embryos, which allows microscopic visualization while preserving surrounding somite tissue. We also demonstrate semipermanent mounting of zebrafish embryos. This permits observation of neurodevelopment in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axes, as it preserves the three-dimensionality of the tissue.

Developmental processes such as proliferation, patterning, differentiation, and axon guidance can be readily modeled in the zebrafish spinal cord. In this article, we describe a mounting procedure for zebrafish embryos, which optimizes visualization of these events.

تشريح والتركيب الجانبي من اسماك الزرد الأجنة: تحليل التنمية الحبل الشوكي

The zebrafish spinal cord is an effective investigative model for nervous system research for several reasons. First, genetic, transgenic and gene ...

Neuroscience

Dissection of the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

Researchers working in the burgeoning field of adult stem cell biology seek to understand the signals that regulate the behavior and function of stem cells during normal homeostasis and disease states. The understanding of adult stem cells has broad reaching implications for the future of regenerative medicine1. For example, better knowledge about adult stem cell biology can facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies in which organs are triggered to heal themselves or even the creation of methods for growing organs in vitro that can be transplanted into humans1. The zebrafish has become a powerful animal model for the study of vertebrate cell biology2. There has been extensive documentation and analysis of embryonic development in the zebrafish3. Only recently have scientists sought to document adult anatomy and surgical dissection techniques4, as there has been a progressive movement within the zebrafish community to broaden the applications of this research organism to adult studies. For example, there are expanding interests in using zebrafish to investigate the biology of adult stem cell populations and make sophisticated adult models of diseases such as cancer5. Historically, isolation of the zebrafish adult kidney has been instrumental for studying hematopoiesis, as the kidney is the anatomical location of blood cell production in fish6,7. The kidney is composed of nephron functional units found in arborized arrangements, surrounded by hematopoietic tissue that is dispersed throughout the intervening spaces. The hematopoietic component consists of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny that inhabit the kidney until they terminally differentiate8. In addition, it is now appreciated that a group of renal stem/progenitor cells (RPCs) also inhabit the zebrafish kidney organ and enable both kidney regeneration and growth, as observed in other fish species9-11. In light of this new discovery, the zebrafish kidney is one organ that houses the location of two exciting opportunities for adult stem cell biology studies. It is clear that many outstanding questions could be well served with this experimental system. To encourage expansion of this field, it is beneficial to document detailed methods of visualizing and then isolating the adult zebrafish kidney organ. This protocol details our procedure for dissection of the adult kidney from both unfixed and fixed animals.
Dissection of the kidney organ can be used to isolate and characterize hematopoietic and renal stem cells and their offspring using established techniques such as histology, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)11,12, expression profiling13,14, and transplantation11,15. 
We hope that dissemination of this protocol will provide researchers with the knowledge to implement broader use of zebrafish studies that ultimately can be translated for human application.

The zebrafish kidney is home to both renal and hematopoietic adult stem/progenitor cells, and represents an outstanding opportunity to study these cell types and their progeny in a vertebrate model organism. Here, we demonstrate a detailed dissection procedure that enables the researcher to identify and surgically remove the adult zebrafish kidney, which can be used for applications such as cell isolation, transplantation, and expression studies of kidney and/or blood cell populations.

تشريح الكلى اسماك الزرد الكبار

Researchers working in the burgeoning field of adult stem cell biology seek to understand the signals that regulate the behavior and function of stem ...

Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio

Zebrafish have become a beneficial and practical model organism for the study of embryonic heart development (see recent reviews1-6), however, work examining post-embryonic through adult cardiac development has been limited7-10. Examining the changing morphology of the maturing and aging heart are restricted by the lack of techniques available for staging and isolating juvenile and adult hearts. In order to analyze heart development over the fish's lifespan, we dissect zebrafish hearts at numerous stages and photograph them for further analysis11. The morphological features of the heart can easily be quantified and individual hearts can be further analyzed by a host of standard methods. Zebrafish grow at variable rates and maturation correlates better with fish size than age, thus, post-fixation, we photograph and measure fish length as a gauge of fish maturation. This protocol explains two distinct, size dependent dissection techniques for zebrafish, ranging from larvae 3.5mm standard length (SL) with hearts of 100&mu;m ventricle length (VL), to adults, with SL of 30mm and VL 1mm or larger. Larval and adult fish have quite distinct body and organ morphology. Larvae are not only significantly smaller, they have less pigment and each organ is visually very difficult to identify. For this reason, we use distinct dissection techniques.
We used pre-dissection fixation procedures, as we discovered that hearts dissected directly after euthanization have a more variable morphology, with very loose and balloon like atria compared with hearts removed following fixation. The fish fixed prior to dissection, retain in vivo morphology and chamber position (data not shown). In addition, for demonstration purposes, we take advantage of the heart (myocardial) specific GFP transgenic Tg(myl7:GFP)twu34 (12), which allows us to visualize the entire heart and is particularly useful at early stages in development when the cardiac morphology is less distinct from surrounding tissues. Dissection of the heart makes further analysis of the cell and molecular biology underlying heart development and maturation using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction or other analytical methods easier in post-embryonic zebrafish. This protocol will provide a valuable technique for the study of cardiac development maturation and aging.

Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio

A clear, standardized method for dissection and isolation of the zebrafish heart at multiple developmental stages are described. Annotation and quantification techniques are also discussed.

تشريح القلب في اليرقات ، اسماك الزرد الأحداث والكبار ، دانيو rerio</em

Zebrafish have become a beneficial and practical model organism for the study of embryonic heart development (see recent reviews1-6), however, work ...

Blood Collection for Biochemical Analysis in Adult Zebrafish

The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of molecular events and therapeutic strategies as well as for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies1. 
There are relatively few publications related to adult zebrafish physiology of organs and systems2, which may lead researchers to infer that the basic techniques needed to allow the exploration of zebrafish systems are lacking3. Hematologic biochemical values of zebrafish were first reported in 2003 by Murtha and colleagues4 who employed a blood collection technique first described by Jagadeeswaran and colleagues in 1999. Briefly, blood was collected via a micropipette tip through a lateral incision, approximately 0.3 cm in length, in the region of the dorsal aorta5. Because of the minute dimensions involved, this is a high-precision technique requiring a highly skilled practitioner. The same technique was used by the same group in another publication in that same year6. In 2010, Eames and colleagues assessed whole blood glucose levels in zebrafish7. They gained access to the blood by performing decapitations with scissors and then inserting a heparinized microcapillary collection tube into the pectoral articulation. They mention difficulties with hemolysis that were solved with an appropriate storage temperature based on the work Kilpatrick et al.8. When attempting to use Jagadeeswaran's technique in our laboratory, we found that it was difficult to make the incision in precisely the right place as not to allow a significant amount of blood to be lost before collection could be started. 
Recently, Gupta et al.9 described how to dissect adult zebrafish organs, Kinkle et al.10 described how to perform intraperitoneal injections, and Pugach et al.11 described how to perform retro-orbital injections. However, more work is needed to more fully explore basic techniques for research in zebrafish.
The small size of zebrafish presents challenges for researchers using it as an experimental model. Furthermore, given this smallness of scale, it is important that simple techniques are developed to enable researchers to explore the advantages of the zebrafish model.

This paper presents a technique for collection of blood from the dorsal aorta of Zebrafish. It also provides instructions for obtaining serum for use in biochemical analyses, such as tests for determining cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

جمع الدم لتحليل الكيمياء الحيوية في الزرد الكبار

The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of ...

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys are composed of functional units known as nephrons, which are highly conserved with other vertebrates, including mammals. Research in zebrafish has recently demonstrated that two distinctive phenomena transpire after adult nephrons incur damage: first, there is robust regeneration within existing nephrons that replaces the destroyed tubule epithelial cells; second, entirely new nephrons are produced from renal progenitors in a process known as neonephrogenesis. In contrast, humans and other mammals seem to have only a limited ability for nephron epithelial regeneration. To date, the mechanisms responsible for these kidney regeneration phenomena remain poorly understood. Since adult zebrafish kidneys undergo both nephron epithelial regeneration and neonephrogenesis, they provide an outstanding experimental paradigm to study these events. Further, there is a wide range of genetic and pharmacological tools available in the zebrafish model that can be used to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate renal regeneration. One essential aspect of such research is the evaluation of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes a set of labeling techniques that can be used to gauge renal composition and test nephron functionality in the adult zebrafish kidney. Thus, these methods are widely applicable to the future phenotypic characterization of adult zebrafish kidney injury paradigms, which include but are not limited to, nephrotoxicant exposure regimes or genetic methods of targeted cell death such as the nitroreductase mediated cell ablation technique. Further, these methods could be used to study genetic perturbations in adult kidney formation and could also be applied to assess renal status during chronic disease modeling.

The zebrafish adult kidney is an excellent system for renal regeneration and disease studies. An essential aspect of such research is the assessment of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes several methodologies that can be implemented to assess nephron tubule composition and to evaluate renal reabsorption.

تحليل التركيب كليون وظيفة في الكلى اسماك الزرد الكبار

The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys ...

Recovery of Adult Zebrafish Hearts for High-throughput Applications

Use of the zebrafish model system for studying development, regeneration, and disease is expanding toward use of adult hearts for cell dissociation and purification of RNA, DNA, and proteins. All of these applications demand the rapid recovery of significant numbers of zebrafish hearts to avoid gene regulatory, metabolic, and other changes that begin after death. Adult zebrafish hearts are also required for studying heart structure for a variety of mutants and for studying heart regeneration. However, the traditional zebrafish heart dissection is slow and difficult and requires specialized tools, making large-scale dissection of adult zebrafish hearts tedious. Traditional methods also harbor the risk of damaging the heart during the dissection. Here, we describe a method for dissection of adult zebrafish hearts that is fast, reproducible, and preserves heart architecture. Furthermore, this method does not require specialized tools, is painless for the zebrafish, can be performed on fresh or fixed specimens, and can be performed on zebrafish as young as one month old. The approach described expands the use of adult zebrafish for cardiovascular research.

Use of zebrafish for cardiovascular research is expanding towards research on adult hearts. For these applications, quick and simple isolation of cardiac tissues is key to avoid post-mortem changes and to obtain an adequate number of samples. Here, we describe a fast and reproducible method for dissecting adult zebrafish hearts.

التعافي من اسماك الزرد الكبار قلوب للتطبيقات عالية الإنتاجية

Use of the zebrafish model system for studying development, regeneration, and disease is expanding toward use of adult hearts for cell dissociation and ...

Partial Hepatectomy in Adult Zebrafish

Liver failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and mortality from chronic liver disease is rising sharply in the United States. Healthy livers are capable of regenerating from toxic damage, but in advanced liver disease, the natural ability of the liver to regenerate is impaired. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful experimental system for studying regeneration. They are an ideal model for studying liver regeneration from partial hepatectomy, a procedure with direct clinical relevance in which part of the liver is surgically removed, leaving the rest intact. There is no standard protocol for partial hepatectomy; previous studies using this model have used slightly different protocols and reported disparate results. Described here is an efficient, reproducible protocol for performing a partial hepatectomy in adult zebrafish. We use this technique to demonstrate that zebrafish are capable of epimorphic regeneration of the resected lobe. This protocol can be used to further interrogate the mechanisms required for liver regeneration in zebrafish.

This protocol describes the procedure for removing the ventral lobe of the liver in adult zebrafish to enable the study of liver regeneration.

استئصال الهيباتيك الجزئي في سمك الحمار الوحشي البالغ

Liver failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and mortality from chronic liver disease is rising sharply in the United States. Healthy ...

Adult Zebrafish Intestine Dissection: A Technique to Analyze Compound Absorption

Source: Jie J. et. al., <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/58366/" target="_blank">Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2018).
This video describes the technique of isolating the intestine to evaluate the intestinal uptake of bioactive compounds. In this sample, we will isolate the intestine from an adult zebrafish to analyze the uptake of immunostimulants.

تشريح أمعاء أسماك الزرد البالغة: تقنية لتحليل الامتصاص المركب

Source: Jie J. et. al., Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds. J. Vis. Exp. (2018).
This ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Danio rerio (zebrafish)

Adult

Heart Dissection: A Method to Observe Zebrafish Cardiac Development

Source: Singleman C. et. al., <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/3165/" target="_blank">Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2011).
This video describes a technique of isolating the heart from a zebrafish at multiple developmental stages to study cardiac development, maturation, and ageing.

تشريح القلب: طريقة لمراقبة تطور قلب الزرد

Source: Singleman C. et. al., Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio. J. Vis. Exp. (2011).
This video describes a technique ...