Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto da NIH concedere R01 HD050901 di MCM e americana Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellowship # PF-05-041-01-DDC al TG.

<ol><li> Un pesce zebra maschio sarà sezionato per primo, seguito da un pesce femmina. Prima di iniziare la dissezione, anestetizzare un pesce nello 0,2% Tricaine e poi l&#39;eutanasia dalla incubazione in acqua ghiacciata per 15 minuti. </li><li> Iniziare con una leggera accarezzando il pesce secco su un tovagliolo di carta e posizionarlo su una stuoia dissezione. Esternamente, pesce zebra hanno un&#39;unica dorsale, pinna caudale e anale e associato pinne pettorali e pelviche (Figura 1). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Adulto pesci di sesso maschile con le pinne etichettati. </li><li> Pin il pesce al tappeto dissezione attraverso la parte carnosa della coda e la parte ventrale della cavità oculare. </li><li> Tagliare la pelle del ventre del pesce appena anteriormente alla pinna anale. Tagliare la pelle e il muscolo sottostante lungo il ventre dalla pinna anale per l&#39;opercolo (il rivestimento duro sopra la branchia) (Figura 2, punto 1). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig2.jpg" alt="Figura 2" /> Figura 2. Passi nella rimozione della pelle e la parete muscolare del corpo per esporre gli organi interni. </li><li> Quindi, rimuovere l&#39;opercolo e la pinna pettorale, tra cui la cintura pettorale (la spessa, regione ossea alla base della pinna) (Figura 2, punto 2). Tagliare la pelle e l&#39;inizio del muscolo sottostante dall&#39;alto del ora esposti branchie posteriormente lungo il lato del pesce e poi giù per la pinna anale (Figura 2, punto 3). </li><li> Rimuovere con cura la pelle e muscolo sottostante dal lato del pesce. Molti degli organi interni sono ora visibili (Figura 3). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig3.jpg" alt="Figura 3" /> Figura 3. Pesci adulti di sesso maschile con la parete del corpo e dei muscoli rimossi permettendo la visualizzazione degli organi interni. </li><li> I testicoli sono lunghe, bianche, organi accoppiati che sono attaccate alla parete dorsale del corpo. Rimuovere un testicolo e mettetelo in un piatto di PBS. Esaminare il testicolo di luce riflessa di visualizzare i tubuli seminiferi (Figura 4), che contengono le cisti con varie fasi di sviluppo di cellule germinali da spermatagonia a spermatidi (Leal et al., 2009). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig4.jpg" alt="Figura 4" /> Figura 4. Dissezione di un testicolo. Le strutture bianche tondeggianti sono i tubuli seminiferi. </li><li> Quindi, rimuovere il sistema gastrointestinale dalla cavità del corpo del pesce. Il fegato può essere identificato per le grandi dimensioni, morfologia lobi, colore tannish, e la vascolarizzazione estesa. La colecisti, un verde traslucido sacco pieno di liquido, e la milza, che appare rosso vivo, si trovano all&#39;interno del viscere. </li><li> Separare l&#39;intestino dal resto degli organi e tratto fuori. L&#39;anteriore, le regioni a metà, e posteriore dell&#39;intestino sono definiti da l&#39;altezza delle pieghe epiteliali (Wallace et al., 2005). </li><li> Posizionare un pezzo di intestino in PBS e osservare le pieghe epiteliali a luce trasmessa. </li><li> Successivamente, esaminare la vescica natatoria. La vescica natatoria è costituito da una camera posteriore, che è collegato all&#39;esofago attraverso il dotto pneumatico, e una camera anteriore, che è collegata all&#39;orecchio interno attraverso l&#39;apparato weberiano (Finney et al., 2006). </li><li> Rimuovere e gettare la vescica natatoria. Sblocca il pesce e ri-pin che lato ventrale fino a sezionare il rene, che si trova lungo la parete del corpo dorsale. Il rene è una struttura trasparente rosa, associata con l&#39;aorta dorsale e cellule pigmentate. Il rene è suddiviso in regioni della testa, corpo e coda (Figura 5). Sezionare un pezzo del rene e metterlo in PBS. Prendere in giro a parte il tessuto renale per rivelare i tubuli renali. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig5.jpg" alt="Figura 5" /> Figura 5. Posizione testa, corpo, e rene coda lungo la parete dorsale del corpo. </li><li> Sezionare un pesce femmina. Come descritto in precedenza, l&#39;eutanasia il pesce in acqua ghiacciata e pat asciugare prima di pinning al tappeto dissezione. Togliere la pelle dal lato del pesce come precedentemente dimostrato. L&#39;ovaio è una struttura bilobata che è sospeso nella cavità del corpo da un mesovarium vascolarizzato. </li><li> Rimuovere un lobo delle ovaie, è posto in PBS, ed esaminarlo con luce trasmessa. Gli ovociti possono essere presi in giro a parte utilizzando aghi sottili e poi messo in scena (Figura 6, Selman et al., 1993). Stadio I ovociti sono circa 10 - 150 micron di dimensione e traslucido. Ovociti fase II sono circa 150 - 350 micron nel formato e definito dalla comparsa di granuli corticali. Ovociti stadio III sono 350-750 micron e sono opachi a causa dell&#39;accumulo di tuorlo. Ovociti maturi stadio IV e V sono trasparenti e generalmente non si trovano nelle ovaie delle femmine che hanno recentemente accoppiato. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig6.jpg" alt="Figura 6" /> Figura 6. Palco dal vivo I, II, III e ovociti osservati sotto undissezione microscopio a luce trasmessa. </li><li> Successivamente, sezionare il cuore dal pesce. Il cuore si trova posteriore e ventrale alla branchia. Iniziate tagliando fuori il cuore e tutto il tessuto circostante e mettendolo in PBS. Con attenzione sezionare via il tessuto che circonda il cuore, facendo attenzione a non danneggiare l&#39;atrio delicato. </li><li> Mettere il cuore sezionato in soluzione di Ringer per osservare il battito cardiaco. Identificare l&#39;atrio, ventricolo e bulbo arterioso (Figura 7, Hu et al., 2001). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig7.jpg" alt="Figura 7" /> Figura 7. Dissected cuore adulto. </li><li> Completa la dissezione rimuovendo il cervello dal pesce. Inizia unpinning il pesce e la rimozione della testa con una lama di rasoio. Rimuovere il più possibile i tessuti molli dal lato ventrale del cranio con una pinza. Rimuovere gli occhi con le forbici piccola sorgente. Rompere il cranio e togliere l&#39;osso dalla parte ventrale del cervello. Ora posto la testa in un piatto di PBS e togliere la pelle e le ossa del cranio dal lato dorsale del cervello. </li><li> Identificare i bulbi olfattivi, telencefalo, habenula, tetto ottico, cervelletto e midollo (Figura 8, Wullimann et al, 1996;. Schilling, 2002). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1717/1717fig8.jpg" alt="Figura 8" /> Figura 8. Dissected zebrafish cervello adulto. Vista dorsale, anteriore verso l&#39;alto. </li></ol>

<ol><li>Finney, J. L., Robertson, G. N., McGee, C. A., Smith, F. M., Croll, R. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Structure+and+Autonomic+Innervation+of+the+Swim+Bladder+in+the+Zebrafish+%28Danio+rerio%29%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Comp+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Structure and Autonomic Innervation of the Swim Bladder in the Zebrafish (Danio rerio).</a> J Comp Neurol. 495, 587-606 (2006).</li>
<li>Hu, N., Yost, H. J., Clark, E. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Cardiac+morphology+and+blood+pressure+in+the+adult+zebrafish%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Anat+Rec%22%5BJournal%5D)">Cardiac morphology and blood pressure in the adult zebrafish.</a> Anat Rec. 264, 1-12 (2001).</li>
<li>Leal, M. C., Cardoso, E. R., Nóbrega, R. H., Batlouni, S. R., Bogerd, J., França, L. R., Schulz, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Histological+and+stereological+evaluation+of+zebrafish+%28Danio+rerio%29+spermatogenesis+with+an+emphasis+on+spermatogonial+generations%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Biol+Reprod%22%5BJournal%5D)">Histological and stereological evaluation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) spermatogenesis with an emphasis on spermatogonial generations.</a> Biol Reprod. 81, 177-187 (2009).</li>
<li>Schilling, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+morphology+of+larval+and+adult+zebrafish%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Zebrafish%3A+A+Practical+Approach+%28The+Practical+Approach+Series%29%22%5BJournal%5D)">The morphology of larval and adult zebrafish.</a> Zebrafish: A Practical Approach (The Practical Approach Series). Nusslein-Volhard, C., Dahm, R. , Oxford University Press. (2002).</li>
<li>Selman, K., Wallace, R., Sarka, A., Qi, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Stages+of+oocyte+development+in+the+Zebrafish%2C+Brachydanio+rerio%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Morphol%22%5BJournal%5D)">Stages of oocyte development in the Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio.</a> J. Morphol. 218, 203-224 (1993).</li>
<li>Wallace, K. N., Akhter, S., Smith, E. M., Lorent, K., Pack, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Intestinal+growth+and+differentiation+in+zebrafish%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Mech+Dev%22%5BJournal%5D)">Intestinal growth and differentiation in zebrafish.</a> Mech Dev. 122, 157-173 (2005).</li>
<li>Wullimann, M. F., Rupp, B., Reichert, H. Neuroanatomy of the zebrafish brain : a topological atlas. , Birkhäuser Verlag. (1996).</li>
</ol>

Gli esperimenti sugli animali sono stati eseguiti secondo le linee guida e regolamenti stabiliti dalla University of Animal Care Pennsylvania e del Comitato Istituzionale Usa.

Reagenti: 0,2% Tricaine (3-etil aminobenzoate) 200 mg polvere tricaine 97,9 ml di acqua DD ~ 1 ml di 1 M Tris (pH 9) Regolare il pH a 7,0 Tampone fosfato (PBS) 4,0 g di NaCl 0,1 g KCl 100 ml PO 4 0,1 M tampone, pH 7,3 150 ml di dH 2 O Soluzione di Ringer 6.7g di NaCl 0,2 g KCl 0,2 g CaCl 2 1.2g Hepes 1 LH 2 O Regolare il pH a 7,2 Attrezzatura: Dissezione piatto con tappetino Electron Microscopy Sciences Catalogo # 70540 Vännäs primavera forbici Strumenti Scienza multa Catalogo # 91500-09

dissection of organs from the adult zebrafish

Negli ultimi 20 anni, il pesce zebra è diventato un organismo modello potente per la comprensione dello sviluppo dei vertebrati e le malattie. Anche se l&#39;analisi sperimentale degli embrioni e larve è ampia e la morfologia è stato ben documentato, descrizioni di anatomia zebrafish adulti e studi di sviluppo delle strutture per adulti e degli organi, insieme alle tecniche per lavorare con gli adulti sono carenti. Gli organi della larva subire importanti cambiamenti nella loro struttura complessiva, la morfologia e la posizione anatomica durante le larve di transizione per adulti. Esternamente, la larva trasparente sviluppa il suo modello caratteristico pigmento strisce adulti e coppie pinne pelviche, mentre internamente, gli organi subiscono un&#39;enorme crescita e rimodellamento. Inoltre, il primordio bipotential gonade si sviluppa in entrambi i testicoli o ovaie. Questo protocollo identifica molti degli organi degli adulti e vengono utilizzati dei metodi per la dissezione del cervello, gonadi, apparato gastrointestinale, cuore, reni e del pesce zebra adulto. Gli organi sezionati può essere utilizzato per l&#39;ibridazione in situ, tecniche di immunoistochimica, istologia, estrazione di RNA, analisi delle proteine, e altri molecolare. Questo protocollo aiuterà a l&#39;ampliamento di studi nel zebrafish per includere la ristrutturazione degli organi larvali, la morfogenesi degli organi specifici per le indagini adulti e altri sistemi di organi adulti.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish

Questo protocollo descrive una procedura per l&#39;individuazione e organi da sezionare il pesce zebra adulto.

Dissezione di organi dal Zebrafish adulti

Over the last 20 years, the zebrafish has become a powerful model organism for understanding vertebrate development and disease.  Although experimental ...

dissection-of-organs-from-the-adult-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

104.6K Views.  University of Pennsylvania-School of Medicine. Questo protocollo descrive una procedura per l'individuazione e organi da sezionare il pesce zebra adulto.

Video: Dissection of Organs from the Adult Zebrafish

Dissection of Larval Zebrafish Gonadal Tissue

Although wild zebrafish possess a ZZ/ZW sex-determination system, domesticated zebrafish have lost the sex chromosome. They utilize a polygenic sex determination system, where several genes distributed throughout the genome collectively determine the sex identities of individual fish. Currently, the genes involved in regulating gonad development and how they work remain elusive. Normally, isolating gonadal tissue is the first step to examine the sex developmental processes. Here, we present a procedure to isolate gonadal tissue from 17 dpf (days post fertilization) and 25 dpf zebrafish larvae. The isolated gonadal tissue may be subsequently examined by morphology and gene expression profiling.

Here, we present a protocol for isolating gonadal tissue of larval zebrafish, which will facilitate investigations of zebrafish sex differentiation and maintenance.

La dissezione del larvale Zebrafish gonadica Tissue

Although wild zebrafish possess a ZZ/ZW sex-determination system, domesticated zebrafish have lost the sex chromosome. They utilize a polygenic sex ...

Ricerca

Biologia dello sviluppo

Dissection and Lateral Mounting of Zebrafish Embryos: Analysis of Spinal Cord Development

The zebrafish spinal cord is an effective investigative model for nervous system research for several reasons. First, genetic, transgenic and gene knockdown approaches can be utilized to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying nervous system development. Second, large clutches of developmentally synchronized embryos provide large experimental sample sizes. Third, the optical clarity of the zebrafish embryo permits researchers to visualize progenitor, glial, and neuronal populations. Although zebrafish embryos are transparent, specimen thickness can impede effective microscopic visualization. One reason for this is the tandem development of the spinal cord and overlying somite tissue. Another reason is the large yolk ball, which is still present during periods of early neurogenesis. In this article, we demonstrate microdissection and removal of the yolk in fixed embryos, which allows microscopic visualization while preserving surrounding somite tissue. We also demonstrate semipermanent mounting of zebrafish embryos. This permits observation of neurodevelopment in the dorso-ventral and anterior-posterior axes, as it preserves the three-dimensionality of the tissue.

Developmental processes such as proliferation, patterning, differentiation, and axon guidance can be readily modeled in the zebrafish spinal cord. In this article, we describe a mounting procedure for zebrafish embryos, which optimizes visualization of these events.

Dissezione e laterale Montaggio di embrioni di zebrafish: analisi dello sviluppo del midollo spinale

The zebrafish spinal cord is an effective investigative model for nervous system research for several reasons. First, genetic, transgenic and gene ...

Neuroscienze

Dissection of the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

Researchers working in the burgeoning field of adult stem cell biology seek to understand the signals that regulate the behavior and function of stem cells during normal homeostasis and disease states. The understanding of adult stem cells has broad reaching implications for the future of regenerative medicine1. For example, better knowledge about adult stem cell biology can facilitate the design of therapeutic strategies in which organs are triggered to heal themselves or even the creation of methods for growing organs in vitro that can be transplanted into humans1. The zebrafish has become a powerful animal model for the study of vertebrate cell biology2. There has been extensive documentation and analysis of embryonic development in the zebrafish3. Only recently have scientists sought to document adult anatomy and surgical dissection techniques4, as there has been a progressive movement within the zebrafish community to broaden the applications of this research organism to adult studies. For example, there are expanding interests in using zebrafish to investigate the biology of adult stem cell populations and make sophisticated adult models of diseases such as cancer5. Historically, isolation of the zebrafish adult kidney has been instrumental for studying hematopoiesis, as the kidney is the anatomical location of blood cell production in fish6,7. The kidney is composed of nephron functional units found in arborized arrangements, surrounded by hematopoietic tissue that is dispersed throughout the intervening spaces. The hematopoietic component consists of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their progeny that inhabit the kidney until they terminally differentiate8. In addition, it is now appreciated that a group of renal stem/progenitor cells (RPCs) also inhabit the zebrafish kidney organ and enable both kidney regeneration and growth, as observed in other fish species9-11. In light of this new discovery, the zebrafish kidney is one organ that houses the location of two exciting opportunities for adult stem cell biology studies. It is clear that many outstanding questions could be well served with this experimental system. To encourage expansion of this field, it is beneficial to document detailed methods of visualizing and then isolating the adult zebrafish kidney organ. This protocol details our procedure for dissection of the adult kidney from both unfixed and fixed animals.
Dissection of the kidney organ can be used to isolate and characterize hematopoietic and renal stem cells and their offspring using established techniques such as histology, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS)11,12, expression profiling13,14, and transplantation11,15. 
We hope that dissemination of this protocol will provide researchers with the knowledge to implement broader use of zebrafish studies that ultimately can be translated for human application.

The zebrafish kidney is home to both renal and hematopoietic adult stem/progenitor cells, and represents an outstanding opportunity to study these cell types and their progeny in a vertebrate model organism. Here, we demonstrate a detailed dissection procedure that enables the researcher to identify and surgically remove the adult zebrafish kidney, which can be used for applications such as cell isolation, transplantation, and expression studies of kidney and/or blood cell populations.

Dissezione del rene Zebrafish adulti

Researchers working in the burgeoning field of adult stem cell biology seek to understand the signals that regulate the behavior and function of stem ...

Biologia

Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio

Zebrafish have become a beneficial and practical model organism for the study of embryonic heart development (see recent reviews1-6), however, work examining post-embryonic through adult cardiac development has been limited7-10. Examining the changing morphology of the maturing and aging heart are restricted by the lack of techniques available for staging and isolating juvenile and adult hearts. In order to analyze heart development over the fish's lifespan, we dissect zebrafish hearts at numerous stages and photograph them for further analysis11. The morphological features of the heart can easily be quantified and individual hearts can be further analyzed by a host of standard methods. Zebrafish grow at variable rates and maturation correlates better with fish size than age, thus, post-fixation, we photograph and measure fish length as a gauge of fish maturation. This protocol explains two distinct, size dependent dissection techniques for zebrafish, ranging from larvae 3.5mm standard length (SL) with hearts of 100&mu;m ventricle length (VL), to adults, with SL of 30mm and VL 1mm or larger. Larval and adult fish have quite distinct body and organ morphology. Larvae are not only significantly smaller, they have less pigment and each organ is visually very difficult to identify. For this reason, we use distinct dissection techniques.
We used pre-dissection fixation procedures, as we discovered that hearts dissected directly after euthanization have a more variable morphology, with very loose and balloon like atria compared with hearts removed following fixation. The fish fixed prior to dissection, retain in vivo morphology and chamber position (data not shown). In addition, for demonstration purposes, we take advantage of the heart (myocardial) specific GFP transgenic Tg(myl7:GFP)twu34 (12), which allows us to visualize the entire heart and is particularly useful at early stages in development when the cardiac morphology is less distinct from surrounding tissues. Dissection of the heart makes further analysis of the cell and molecular biology underlying heart development and maturation using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction or other analytical methods easier in post-embryonic zebrafish. This protocol will provide a valuable technique for the study of cardiac development maturation and aging.

Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio

A clear, standardized method for dissection and isolation of the zebrafish heart at multiple developmental stages are described. Annotation and quantification techniques are also discussed.

Dissezione di cuore in larvale, Zebrafish giovanile e degli adulti, Danio rerio</em

Zebrafish have become a beneficial and practical model organism for the study of embryonic heart development (see recent reviews1-6), however, work ...

Blood Collection for Biochemical Analysis in Adult Zebrafish

The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of molecular events and therapeutic strategies as well as for evaluating the physiological mechanisms of some pathologies1. 
There are relatively few publications related to adult zebrafish physiology of organs and systems2, which may lead researchers to infer that the basic techniques needed to allow the exploration of zebrafish systems are lacking3. Hematologic biochemical values of zebrafish were first reported in 2003 by Murtha and colleagues4 who employed a blood collection technique first described by Jagadeeswaran and colleagues in 1999. Briefly, blood was collected via a micropipette tip through a lateral incision, approximately 0.3 cm in length, in the region of the dorsal aorta5. Because of the minute dimensions involved, this is a high-precision technique requiring a highly skilled practitioner. The same technique was used by the same group in another publication in that same year6. In 2010, Eames and colleagues assessed whole blood glucose levels in zebrafish7. They gained access to the blood by performing decapitations with scissors and then inserting a heparinized microcapillary collection tube into the pectoral articulation. They mention difficulties with hemolysis that were solved with an appropriate storage temperature based on the work Kilpatrick et al.8. When attempting to use Jagadeeswaran's technique in our laboratory, we found that it was difficult to make the incision in precisely the right place as not to allow a significant amount of blood to be lost before collection could be started. 
Recently, Gupta et al.9 described how to dissect adult zebrafish organs, Kinkle et al.10 described how to perform intraperitoneal injections, and Pugach et al.11 described how to perform retro-orbital injections. However, more work is needed to more fully explore basic techniques for research in zebrafish.
The small size of zebrafish presents challenges for researchers using it as an experimental model. Furthermore, given this smallness of scale, it is important that simple techniques are developed to enable researchers to explore the advantages of the zebrafish model.

This paper presents a technique for collection of blood from the dorsal aorta of Zebrafish. It also provides instructions for obtaining serum for use in biochemical analyses, such as tests for determining cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Il prelievo di sangue per l&#39;analisi biochimica in Zebrafish Adult

The zebrafish has been used as an animal model for studies of several human diseases. It can serve as a powerful preclinical platform for studies of ...

Analysis of Nephron Composition and Function in the Adult Zebrafish Kidney

The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys are composed of functional units known as nephrons, which are highly conserved with other vertebrates, including mammals. Research in zebrafish has recently demonstrated that two distinctive phenomena transpire after adult nephrons incur damage: first, there is robust regeneration within existing nephrons that replaces the destroyed tubule epithelial cells; second, entirely new nephrons are produced from renal progenitors in a process known as neonephrogenesis. In contrast, humans and other mammals seem to have only a limited ability for nephron epithelial regeneration. To date, the mechanisms responsible for these kidney regeneration phenomena remain poorly understood. Since adult zebrafish kidneys undergo both nephron epithelial regeneration and neonephrogenesis, they provide an outstanding experimental paradigm to study these events. Further, there is a wide range of genetic and pharmacological tools available in the zebrafish model that can be used to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate renal regeneration. One essential aspect of such research is the evaluation of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes a set of labeling techniques that can be used to gauge renal composition and test nephron functionality in the adult zebrafish kidney. Thus, these methods are widely applicable to the future phenotypic characterization of adult zebrafish kidney injury paradigms, which include but are not limited to, nephrotoxicant exposure regimes or genetic methods of targeted cell death such as the nitroreductase mediated cell ablation technique. Further, these methods could be used to study genetic perturbations in adult kidney formation and could also be applied to assess renal status during chronic disease modeling.

The zebrafish adult kidney is an excellent system for renal regeneration and disease studies. An essential aspect of such research is the assessment of nephron structure and function. This protocol describes several methodologies that can be implemented to assess nephron tubule composition and to evaluate renal reabsorption.

Analisi di Nefrone Composizione e funzione del rene Zebrafish adulti

The zebrafish model has emerged as a relevant system to study kidney development, regeneration and disease. Both the embryonic and adult zebrafish kidneys ...

Recovery of Adult Zebrafish Hearts for High-throughput Applications

Use of the zebrafish model system for studying development, regeneration, and disease is expanding toward use of adult hearts for cell dissociation and purification of RNA, DNA, and proteins. All of these applications demand the rapid recovery of significant numbers of zebrafish hearts to avoid gene regulatory, metabolic, and other changes that begin after death. Adult zebrafish hearts are also required for studying heart structure for a variety of mutants and for studying heart regeneration. However, the traditional zebrafish heart dissection is slow and difficult and requires specialized tools, making large-scale dissection of adult zebrafish hearts tedious. Traditional methods also harbor the risk of damaging the heart during the dissection. Here, we describe a method for dissection of adult zebrafish hearts that is fast, reproducible, and preserves heart architecture. Furthermore, this method does not require specialized tools, is painless for the zebrafish, can be performed on fresh or fixed specimens, and can be performed on zebrafish as young as one month old. The approach described expands the use of adult zebrafish for cardiovascular research.

Use of zebrafish for cardiovascular research is expanding towards research on adult hearts. For these applications, quick and simple isolation of cardiac tissues is key to avoid post-mortem changes and to obtain an adequate number of samples. Here, we describe a fast and reproducible method for dissecting adult zebrafish hearts.

Recupero di Zebrafish adulti cuori per applicazioni ad alta velocità effettiva

Use of the zebrafish model system for studying development, regeneration, and disease is expanding toward use of adult hearts for cell dissociation and ...

Partial Hepatectomy in Adult Zebrafish

Liver failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and mortality from chronic liver disease is rising sharply in the United States. Healthy livers are capable of regenerating from toxic damage, but in advanced liver disease, the natural ability of the liver to regenerate is impaired. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful experimental system for studying regeneration. They are an ideal model for studying liver regeneration from partial hepatectomy, a procedure with direct clinical relevance in which part of the liver is surgically removed, leaving the rest intact. There is no standard protocol for partial hepatectomy; previous studies using this model have used slightly different protocols and reported disparate results. Described here is an efficient, reproducible protocol for performing a partial hepatectomy in adult zebrafish. We use this technique to demonstrate that zebrafish are capable of epimorphic regeneration of the resected lobe. This protocol can be used to further interrogate the mechanisms required for liver regeneration in zebrafish.

This protocol describes the procedure for removing the ventral lobe of the liver in adult zebrafish to enable the study of liver regeneration.

Epatotectomia parziale nel pesce zebra adulto

Liver failure is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and mortality from chronic liver disease is rising sharply in the United States. Healthy ...

Adult Zebrafish Intestine Dissection: A Technique to Analyze Compound Absorption

Source: Jie J. et. al., <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/58366/" target="_blank">Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2018).
This video describes the technique of isolating the intestine to evaluate the intestinal uptake of bioactive compounds. In this sample, we will isolate the intestine from an adult zebrafish to analyze the uptake of immunostimulants.

Dissezione intestinale adulta di pesce zebra: una tecnica per analizzare l'assorbimento dei composti

Source: Jie J. et. al., Oral Intubation of Adult Zebrafish: A Model for Evaluating Intestinal Uptake of Bioactive Compounds. J. Vis. Exp. (2018).
This ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Danio rerio (zebrafish)

Adult

Heart Dissection: A Method to Observe Zebrafish Cardiac Development

Source: Singleman C. et. al., <a href="https://www.jove.com/v/3165/" target="_blank">Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio</a>. J. Vis. Exp. (2011).
This video describes a technique of isolating the heart from a zebrafish at multiple developmental stages to study cardiac development, maturation, and ageing.

Dissezione cardiaca: un metodo per osservare lo sviluppo cardiaco del pesce zebra

Source: Singleman C. et. al., Heart Dissection in Larval, Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio. J. Vis. Exp. (2011).
This video describes a technique ...

Dissezione di organi dal Zebrafish adulti

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