وأيد هذا العمل جزئيا من قبل (1) وزارة الدفاع برنامج أبحاث السرطان (US جيش البحوث الطبية اقتناء آخر) جائزة # W81XVVH-10-1-0781 لLAL وهاء، و (2) منحة مؤسسة سوزان جي كومن الثدي IR122224446 للال وVE. وقدم الدعم علم الأمراض والأنسجة الإجمال تفضلت وزارة Inova شركة فيرفاكس علم الأمراض الدكتور حسن ناير، الدكتور غيثا A. مينيزيس، والدكتور تشارلز Bechert. واسترشد موافقة المريض والمشتريات عينة بخبرة من قبل مستشفى Inova شركة فيرفاكس منسقي البحوث السريرية هولي غاليمور، هيذر Huryk، وإميل قمر.

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الكتاب ليس لديهم ما يكشف.

نظام الثقافة الموصوفة هنا يشكل نموذجا جديدا لتوليد الخلايا الحية الثدي الأورام قبل الغازية للدراسات والبحوث الأساسية ومتعدية. في الماضي، وعادة ما تتم دراسته قبل خبيث تطور سرطان الثدي باستخدام ثلاث طرق مختلفة. الأسلوب الأول هو النسيجية والتحليل الجيني للmicrodissected ال?...

يتم الاعتراف انتشار الخلايا الظهارية في كنف قنوات الثدي والحويصلات الهوائية (سرطان الأقنية في الموقع) باعتبارها تمهيدا لإلزام الأقنية الغازية ومفصص سرطان الثدي. ومع ذلك، وغير مفهومة الآليات الجزيئية وديناميات السكان الخلية التي تسمح للتطور سرطان الغازية. توضيح الآليات التي تستخدمها بقاء خلايا سرطان الثدي قبل الغازية، أو أي ورم قبل الغازية، قد تكشف عن الاستراتيجيات العلاجية لقتله، أو حتى منع والأورام قبل الغازية 1. ومع ذلك، أساليب بسيطة منخفضة التكلفة لدراسة وظيفيا الآفات ما قبل الغازية الإنسان قد يفتقر. على الرغم من أن في المختبر ثقافة أحادي الطبقة من خطوط الخلايا تحولت هي طريقة المختبر المعمول بها، النمط الظاهري والنمط الجيني لهذه خطوط الخلايا خلد يفشل في ألخص الوضع الجزيئي للخلايا السرطانية البشرية الابتدائية 2. وعلاوة على ذلك، حتى خط الخلية MCF-10A غير مكون للأورام، الذي RECApitulates 3-D العمارة الغدة الثديية، فشل في تمثيل كاف النمط الظاهري الوظيفي والخصائص الجزيئية من قبل الآفة الغازية الثدي هذا المريض في 3،4. لتحديد ما إذا كان وجود مثل الخلايا الجذعية الورمية قادرة على الغزو داخل سرطان الأقنية في الموقع (DCIS) السكان في خلية، وضعنا منهجية لجمع وزراعة الأنسجة عقيمة الثدي البشري في وقت الجراحة (الشكل 1) 5. لا تعتمد لدينا فيفو السابقين الثدي نظام الثقافة عضي على انقطاع الأنزيمي الأنسجة، والغشاء القاعدي استخراج مصفوفة، أو استنزاف الخلايا الليفية، لعزل ونشر الخلايا المكونة mammosphere جديدة من الأقنية سرطان الثدي البشرية الأنسجة 6-8. ويستند نظامنا الجديد على مبدأ خلية يتدفقون / 5 الهجرة. وغرقت القنوات الثدي اضحة، وسدى المحيطة بها في الحد الأدنى من حجم المصل خالية المتوسطة المغذيات (فقط الإلكترونيةnough لتغطية أجزاء القناة) لتحقيق أقصى قدر من تبادل الغازات، مع سطح قطع من القناة تتعرض لمستنبت، ولكن في أي اتجاه محدد في قارورة (الشكل 1E-F). هذا النظام يسمح ثقافة الخلايا تهاجر من القناة وإلى / على ذاتي سدى والثقافة قارورة. المتوسط ​​المغذيات، على أن تستكمل إلا مع عامل نمو البشرة (صندوق تعديل العولمة الأوروبي)، الانسولين، والمضادات الحيوية، ويدعم نمو السكان الخلية المختلطة المنبثقة عن عضي. قارورة زراعة الأنسجة لديها قابل للنقل، اعادة اغلاقها باحكام الغطاء الذي يسمح للorganoids و / أو خلايا أن تحصد دون تعطيل القارورة أو المجاورة بأكمله organoids، مع الحفاظ على بيئة معقمة مرطب.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1024">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:365px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A405-P</td>
			<td>prepare a 70% solution in Type 1 reagent grade water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">18 M&#937;-cm water, sterile filtered</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>sterile filtered, Type 1 reagent grade water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10cc plastic disposable syringe, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305482</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.2&#181;m polyethersulfone (PES) syringe filter, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">194-2520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">15ml polypropylene conical tubes, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>14-959-49B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">50ml polypropylene conical tubes, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>05-539-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">1.5ml low retention microcentrifuge tubes,sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">02-681-331</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">nutrient medium, DMEM-F12/HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11330-032</td>
			<td>with L-glutamine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Insulin, human recombinant</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11376497001</td>
			<td>10mg/ml stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), human recombinant</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GF144</td>
			<td>100&#181;g/ml stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Streptomycin sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S1567</td>
			<td>10mg/ml stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gentamicin sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G19114</td>
			<td>10mg/ml stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Filtration flask and filter top, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Millipore</td>
			<td>SCGPU02RE</td>
			<td>0.22&#181;m PES membrane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">25ml sterile, disposable pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>4489</td>
			<td>paper-plastic wrapped</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10ml sterile, disposable pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4488</td>
			<td>paper-plastic wrapped</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:353px;">Tissue marking dyes (black, blue, red, green, yellow and orange)</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">CDI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MD2000</td>
			<td style="width:365px;">after opening use only with single-use, sterile cotton tipped applicators, or use once and discard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Cotton tipped applicators, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>23-400-115</td>
			<td>single use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Gauze pads, 10x10cm, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic transfer pipettes, sterile, disposable</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Samco</td>
			<td>202-20S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">Vinegar, white distilled</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">household use</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:365px;">5% acetic acid; after opening use only with sterile pipettes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">#10 scalpels, sterile, disposable&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>31-200-32&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">petri dish, sterile</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>FB0875713A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">TPP 115cm2 flask, with removable lid</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">MidSci</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">90652</td>
			<td>screw cap with filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:353px;">CO2 incubator</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td>13-998-074</td>
			<td>5% CO2, 37 oC, humidified chamber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">inverted light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Olypmus</td>
			<td>IX51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">8M urea</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP169-500</td>
			<td>optional, for mass spectrophotometric analysis of cultured cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">2X SDS tris-glycine buffer</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td>LC2676</td>
			<td>optional, for proteomic analysis of cultured cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:353px;">Cytocentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>A78300003</td>
			<td>optional, for preparing cell smears</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

non-enzymatic, serum-free tissue culture of pre-invasive breast lesions for spontaneous generation of mammospheres

الثدي سرطان الأقنية في الموقع (DCIS)، بحكم التعريف، هو انتشار الخلايا الظهارية الأورام ضمن حدود القناة الثدي، دون خرق الغشاء القاعدي كولاجيني. بينما DCIS هو السلائف غير تلزم لسرطانات الثدي الغازية، ليست معروفة تماما الآليات الجزيئية والسكان الخلية التي تسمح للتطور سرطان الغازية. لتحديد ما إذا كانت هناك خلايا السلف قادرة على الغزو بين السكان خلية DCIS، وضعنا منهجية لجمع وزراعة الأنسجة عقيمة الثدي البشري في وقت الجراحة، دون انقطاع الأنزيمي من الأنسجة. يتم حصاد معقمة أنسجة الثدي تحتوي على شرائح من الأقنية استئصاله جراحيا نسيج الثدي بعد الفحص الروتيني المرضية. يتم وضع الأنسجة التي تحتوي على DCIS في المغذيات الغنية، التي تحتوي على المضادات الحيوية، المتوسطة مجانا المصل، ونقلها إلى مختبر زراعة الأنسجة. نسيج الثدي هي أكثر dissecteد لعزل المناطق متكلسة. توضع قطعة نسيج الثدي متعددة (organoids) في حجم الحد الأدنى من مصل المتوسطة مجانا في قارورة مع غطاء قابل للإزالة ومثقف في ترطيب CO 2 الحاضنة. السكان الخلايا الظهارية والخلايا الليفية الخروج من عضي وبعد 10 - 14 يوم. Mammospheres تشكل بشكل عفوي في وحول أحادي الطبقة الخلايا الظهارية. يمكن حصاده السكان خلية معينة مباشرة من القارورة دون تعطيل الخلايا المجاورة. لدينا غير الأنزيمية نظام زراعة الأنسجة يكشف موثوق cytogenetically غير طبيعية، وخلايا السلف الغازية من الآفات DCIS الإنسان العذبة.

سير العمل لشراء وزرع معقمة الأقنية الثدي سرطان الأنسجة في الموقع ويحتفظ العقم أنسجة الثدي من غرفة العمليات إلى مختبر زراعة الخلايا عن طريق تغييرات طفيفة في نموذجي سير العمل علم الأمراض في المستشفى (الشكل 1). ويتم نقل ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres at JoVE.com

Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres

ثقافة الخلية الأولية باستخدام organoids الأنسجة سليمة توفر نظام النموذج الذي يحاكي متعددة الخلايا المكروية في الجسم الحي. وضعنا الأساسي الأنسجة الطلائية الثدي نموذج ثقافة خالية من مصل أن يديم مختلطة الأنساب زراعة الخلايا والمعارض التشكل متباينة، دون انقطاع الأنسجة الأنزيمية. تبقى organoids الثدي القابل للتطبيق ل&gt; 6 أشهر.

غير الأنزيمية، خالية من مصل زراعة الأنسجة من آفات الثدي ما قبل الغازية لتوليد عفوية من Mammospheres

Breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), by definition, is proliferation of neoplastic epithelial cells within the confines of the breast duct, without ...

non-enzymatic-serum-free-tissue-culture-pre-invasive-breast-lesions

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.5K Views.  George Mason University.  ثقافة الخلية الأولية باستخدام organoids الأنسجة سليمة توفر نظام النموذج الذي يحاكي متعددة الخلايا المكروية في الجسم الحي. وضعنا الأساسي الأنسجة الطلائية الثدي نموذج ثقافة خالية من مصل أن يديم مختلطة الأنساب زراعة الخلايا والمعارض التشك?...

Video: Non-enzymatic, Serum-free Tissue Culture of Pre-invasive Breast Lesions for Spontaneous Generation of Mammospheres

Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells form Mammospheres During Lactogenic Differentiation

A phenotypic measure commonly used to determine the degree of lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures is the formation of dome shaped cell structures referred to as mammospheres 1. The HC11 cell line has been employed as a model system for the study of regulation of mammary lactogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo 2. The HC11 cells differentiate and synthesize milk proteins in response to treatment with lactogenic hormones. Following the growth of HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells to confluence, lactogenic differentiation was induced by the addition of a combination of lactogenic hormones including dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin, referred to as DIP. The HC11 cells induced to differentiate were photographed at times up to 120 hours post induction of differentiation and the number of mammospheres that appeared in each culture was enumerated. The size of the individual mammospheres correlates with the degree of differentiation and this is depicted in the images of the differentiating cells.

HC11 lactogenic differentiation can be characterized by the formation of domed structures referred to as mammospheres. The structures can be enumerated by phase contrast microscopy to aid in quantifying lactogenic differentiation.

الخلايا الظهارية الثديية شكل الماوس Mammospheres خلال التمايز المولد للبن

A phenotypic measure commonly used to determine the degree of lactogenic differentiation in mouse mammary epithelial cell cultures is the formation of ...

Generation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Neural Tissue

Within the nervous system, hundreds of neuronal and glial cell types have been described. Each specific cell type in the brain or spinal cord has a repertoire of cell surface molecules, or molecular determinants, through which it can be identified and characterized. Currently, robust cell identification and separation technologies require single-cell preparations to be generated while simultaneously limiting cell death and destruction of characteristic surface protein. The gentleMACS Dissociator, when used in combination with trypsin or papain-based dissociation kits, can effectively and gently dissociate brain tissue while preserving antigen epitopes and limiting cell loss. Standardized preparation of single-cell suspensions is achieved using C Tubes and optimized, preset gentleMACS Programs. Once generated, single-cell suspensions can be treated with monoclonal conjugates like Anti-Prominin-1 MicroBeads, which identify neural progenitors, or purified further using Myelin Removal Beads.

Dissociating cells from specific tissue types requires specific parameters for tissue aggitation to obtain a high volume of viable, culturable cells. The Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator optimizes this task with a simple, practical protocol. In this publication the use of this apparatus on nerual tissue is explained.

جيل وحيدة الخلية معلقات من الأنسجة العصبية ماوس

Within the nervous system, hundreds of neuronal and glial cell types have been described. Each specific cell type in the brain or spinal cord has a ...

Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate (pHPL) as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures

Platelet derived growth factors have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation efficiently in vivo1,2 and in vitro. This effect has been reported for mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), fibroblasts and endothelial colony-forming cells with platelets activated by thrombin3-5 or lysed by freeze/thaw cycles6-14 before the platelet releasate is added to the cell culture medium. The trophic effect of platelet derived growth factors has already been tested in several trials for tissue engineering and regenerative therapy.1,15-17 Varying efficiency is considered to be at least in part due to individually divergent concentrations of growth factors18,19 and a current lack of standardized protocols for platelet preparation.15,16 This protocol presents a practicable procedure to generate a pool of human platelet lysate (pHPL) derived from routinely produced platelet rich plasma (PRP) of forty to fifty single blood donations. By several freeze/thaw cycles the platelet membranes are damaged and growth factors are efficiently released into the plasma. Finally, the platelet fragments are removed by centrifugation to avoid extensive aggregate formation and deplete potential antigens. The implementation of pHPL into standard culture protocols represents a promising tool for further development of cell therapeutics propagated in an animal protein-free system.

Preparation of Pooled Human Platelet Lysate pHPL as an Efficient Supplement for Animal Serum-Free Human Stem Cell Cultures

Human platelet lysate is a rich source of growth factors and a potent supplement in cell culture. This protocol presents the process of preparing a large pool of human platelet lysate by starting from platelet rich plasma, performing several freeze-thaw cycles and depleting the platelet fragments.

إعداد Lysate مجمع صفائح الدم البشرية (pHPL) باعتبارها الملحق لمصل فعال خالية من الإنسان الحيوان الثقافات الخلايا الجذعية

Platelet derived growth factors have been shown to stimulate cell proliferation efficiently in vivo1,2 and in vitro. This effect has been reported for ...

Electrospinning Fibrous Polymer Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Cell Culture

As the field of tissue engineering evolves, there is a tremendous demand to produce more suitable materials and processing techniques in order to address the requirements (e.g., mechanics and vascularity) of more intricate organs and tissues. Electrospinning is a popular technique to create fibrous scaffolds that mimic the architecture and size scale of the native extracellular matrix. These fibrous scaffolds are also useful as cell culture substrates since the fibers can be used to direct cellular behavior, including stem cell differentiation (see extensive reviews by Mauck et al. and Sill et al. for more information). In this article, we describe the general process of electrospinning polymers and as an example, electrospin a reactive hyaluronic acid capable of crosslinking with light exposure (see Ifkovits et al. for a review on photocrosslinkable materials). We also introduce further processing capabilities such as photopatterning and multi-polymer scaffold formation. Photopatterning can be used to create scaffolds with channels and multi-scale porosity to increase cellular infiltration and tissue distribution. Multi-polymer scaffolds are useful to better tune the properties (mechanics and degradation) of a scaffold, including tailored porosity for cellular infiltration. Furthermore, these techniques can be extended to include a wide array of polymers and reactive macromers to create complex scaffolds that provide the cues necessary for the development of successful tissue engineered constructs.

The process of electrospinning polymers for tissue engineering and cell culture is addressed in this article. Specifically, the electrospinning of photoreactive macromers with additional processing capabilities of photopatterning and multi-polymer electrospinning is described.

Electrospinning السقالات بوليمر الليفية للهندسة الأنسجة والخلايا الثقافة

As the field of tissue engineering evolves, there is a tremendous demand to produce more suitable materials and processing techniques in order to address ...

Long-term Culture of Human Breast Cancer Specimens and Their Analysis Using Optical Projection Tomography

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the Western world. It is well established that the spread of breast cancer, first locally and later distally, is a major factor in patient prognosis. Experimental systems of breast cancer rely on cell lines usually derived from primary tumours or pleural effusions. Two major obstacles hinder this research: (i) some known sub-types of breast cancers (notably poor prognosis luminal B tumours) are not represented within current line collections; (ii) the influence of the tumour microenvironment is not usually taken into account.
We demonstrate a technique to culture primary breast cancer specimens of all sub-types. This is achieved by using three-dimensional (3D) culture system in which small pieces of tumour are embedded in soft rat collagen I cushions. Within 2-3 weeks, the tumour cells spread into the collagen and form various structures similar to those observed in human tumours1. Viable adipocytes, epithelial cells and fibroblasts within the original core were evident on histology. Malignant epithelial cells with squamoid morphology were demonstrated invading into the surrounding collagen. Nuclear pleomorphism was evident within these cells, along with mitotic figures and apoptotic bodies.
We have employed Optical Projection Tomography (OPT), a 3D imaging technology, in order to quantify the extent of tumour spread in culture. We have used OPT to measure the bulk volume of the tumour culture, a parameter routinely measured during the neo-adjuvant treatment of breast cancer patients to assess response to drug therapy. 
Here, we present an opportunity to culture human breast tumours without sub-type bias and quantify the spread of those ex vivo. This method could be used in the future to quantify drug sensitivity in original tumour. This may provide a more predictive model than currently used cell lines.

We have developed a collagen-based in vitro assay which promotes proliferation and invasion from samples of all breast cancer subtypes. Optical Projection Tomography, a three dimensional microscopy technique was utilised to visualise and quantify tumour expansion. This assay may be used to quantify drug response of individual tumour samples.

على المدى الطويل ثقافة الإنسان العينات والتحليل سرطان الثدي وذلك باستخدام التصوير المقطعي الإسقاط الضوئية

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the Western world. It is well established that the spread of breast cancer, first locally and later ...

Mouse Embryonic Development in a Serum-free Whole Embryo Culture System

Mid-gestation stage mouse embryos were cultured utilizing a serum-free culture medium prepared from commercially available stem cell media supplements in an oxygenated rolling bottle culture system. Mouse embryos at E10.5 were carefully isolated from the uterus with intact yolk sac and in a process involving precise surgical maneuver the embryos were gently exteriorized from the yolk sac while maintaining the vascular continuity of the embryo with the yolk sac. Compared to embryos prepared with intact yolk sac or with the yolk sac removed, these embryos exhibited superior survival rate and developmental progression when cultured under similar conditions. We show that these mouse embryos, when cultured in a defined medium in an atmosphere of 95% O2 / 5% CO2 in a rolling bottle culture apparatus at 37 &#176;&#8203;C for 16-40 hr, exhibit morphological growth and development comparable to the embryos developing in utero. We believe this method will be useful for investigators needing to utilize whole embryo culture to study signaling interactions important in embryonic organogenesis.

Serum utilized in embryo cultures contains unknown components that can affect the outcome of experiments especially in studies involving signaling interactions. Here we utilized a serum-free oxygenated culture system and show that mid-gestation mouse embryos cultured for 16-40 hr&#160;exhibit morphological development comparable to embryos developing in utero.

الفأر الجنينية التنمية في الجامعة نظام الثقافة الأجنة الخالية من المصل

Mid-gestation stage mouse embryos were cultured utilizing a serum-free culture medium prepared from commercially available stem cell media supplements in ...

A Tissue Culture Model of Estrogen-producing Primary Bovine Granulosa Cells

Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) are the major source of estradiol synthesis. Induced by the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, cells of the theca and, in particular, of the granulosa cell layer profoundly change their morphological, physiological, and molecular characteristics and form the progesterone-producing corpus luteum that is responsible for maintaining pregnancy. Cell culture models are essential tools to study the underlying regulatory mechanisms involved in the folliculo-luteal transformation. The presented protocol focuses on the isolation procedure and cryopreservation of bovine GC from small- to medium-sized follicles (&#60; 6 mm). With this technique, a nearly pure population of GC can be obtained. The cryopreservation procedure greatly facilitates time management of the cell culture work independent of a direct primary tissue (ovaries) supply. This protocol describes a serum-free cell culture model that mimics the estradiol-active status of bovine GC. Important conditions that are essential for a successful steroid-active cell culture are discussed throughout the protocol. It is demonstrated that increasing the plating density of the cells induces a specific response as indicated by an altered gene expression profile and hormone production. Furthermore, this model provides a basis for further studies on GC differentiation and other applications.

A long-term culture model of bovine granulosa cells under serum-free conditions is described. This model allows researchers to study the effects of diverse factors and conditions as different plating densities on the characteristics of estrogen-producing bovine granulosa cells.

نموذج زراعة الأنسجة Granulosa البقري الأولية المنتجة للاستروجين خلايا

Ovarian granulosa cells (GC) are the major source of estradiol synthesis. Induced by the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, cells of the theca ...

Tissue Collection of Bats for -Omics Analyses and Primary Cell Culture

As high-throughput sequencing technologies advance, standardized methods for high quality tissue acquisition and preservation allow for the extension of these methods to non-model organisms. A series of protocols to optimize tissue collection from bats has been developed for a series of high-throughput sequencing approaches. Outlined here are protocols for the capture of bats, desired demographics to be collected for each bat, and optimized methods to minimize stress on a bat during tissue collection. Specifically outlined are methods for collecting and treating tissue to obtain (i) DNA for high molecular weight genomic analyses, (ii) RNA for tissue-specific transcriptomes, and (iii) proteins for proteomic-level analyses. Lastly, also outlined is a method to avoid lethal sampling by creating viable primary cell cultures from wing clips. A central motivation of these methods is to maximize the amount of potential molecular and morphological data for each bat and suggest optimal ways to preserve tissues so they retain their value as new methods develop in the future. This standardization has become particularly important as initiatives to sequence chromosome-level, error-free genomes of species across the world have emerged, in which multiple scientific parties are spearheading the sequencing of different taxonomic groups. The protocols outlined herein define the ideal tissue collection and tissue preservation methods for Bat1K, the consortium that is sequencing the genomes of every species of bat.

This is a protocol for the optimal tissue preparation for genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses of bats caught in the wild. It includes protocols for bat capture and dissection, tissue preservation, and cell culturing of bat tissue.

جمع الانسجه من الخفافيش للتحليلات الomics وثقافة الخلايا الاوليه

As high-throughput sequencing technologies advance, standardized methods for high quality tissue acquisition and preservation allow for the extension of ...

Mucociliary Epithelial Organoids from Xenopus Embryonic Cells: Generation, Culture and High-Resolution Live Imaging

Mucociliary epithelium provides the first line of defense by removing foreign particles through the action of mucus production and cilia-mediated clearance. Many clinically relevant defects in the mucociliary epithelium are inferred as they occur deep within the body. Here, we introduce a tractable 3D model for mucociliary epithelium generated from multipotent progenitors that were microsurgically isolated from Xenopus laevis embryos. The mucociliary epithelial organoids are covered with newly generated epithelium from deep ectoderm cells and later decorated with distinct patterned multiciliated cells, secretory cells, and mucus-producing goblet cells that are indistinguishable from the native epidermis within 24 h. The full sequences of dynamic cell transitions from mesenchymal to epithelial that emerge on the apical surface of organoids can be tracked by high-resolution live imaging. These in vitro cultured, self-organizing mucociliary epithelial organoids offer distinct advantages in studying the biology of mucociliary epithelium with high-efficiency in generation, defined culture conditions, control over number and size, and direct access for live imaging during the regeneration of the differentiated epithelium.

We describe a simple protocol to develop mucociliary epithelial organoids from deep ectoderm cells isolated from Xenopus laevis embryos. The multipotent progenitors regenerate epithelial goblet cell precursors and allow live tracking of the initiation and progression of the cell transitions on the surface of organoids.

العضويات الظهارية المخاطية من الخلايا الجنينية زينوبوس: التوليد والثقافة والتصوير الحي عالي الدقة

Mucociliary epithelium provides the first line of defense by removing foreign particles through the action of mucus production and cilia-mediated ...

Bovine Ovarian Cortex Tissue Culture

Follicle development from the primordial to antral stage is a dynamic process within the ovarian cortex, which includes endocrine and paracrine factors from somatic cells and cumulus cell-oocyte communication. Little is known about the ovarian microenvironment and how the cytokines and steroids produced in the surrounding milieu affect follicle progression or arrest. In vitro culture of ovarian cortex enables follicles to develop in a normalized environment that remains supported by adjacent stroma. Our objective was to determine the effect of nutritional Stair-Step diet on the ovarian microenvironment (follicle development, steroid, and cytokine production) through in vitro culture of bovine ovarian cortex. To accomplish this, ovarian cortical pieces were removed from heifers undergoing two different nutritionally developed schemes prior to puberty: Control (traditional nutrition development) and Stair-Step (feeding and restriction during development) that were cut into approximately 0.5-1 mm3 pieces. These pieces were subsequently passed through a series of washes and positioned on a tissue culture insert that is set into a well containing Waymouth&#39;s culture medium. Ovarian cortex was cultured for 7 days with daily culture media changes. Histological sectioning was performed to determine follicle stage changes before and after the culture to determine effects of nutrition and impact of culture without additional treatment. Cortex culture medium was pooled over days to measure steroids, steroid metabolites, and cytokines. There were tendencies for increased steroid hormones in ovarian microenvironment that allowed for follicle progression in the Stair-Step versus Control ovarian cortex cultures. The ovarian cortex culture technique allows for a better understanding of the ovarian microenvironment, and how alterations in endocrine secretion may affect follicle progression and growth from both in vivo and in vitro treatments. This culture method may also prove beneficial for testing potential therapeutics that may improve follicle progression in women to promote fertility.

In vitro culture of bovine ovarian cortex and the effect of nutritional Stair-step diet on ovarian microenvironment is presented. Ovarian cortex pieces were cultured for seven days and steroids, cytokines, and follicle stages were evaluated. The Stair-Step diet treatment had increased steroidogenesis resulting in follicle progression in culture.

الأبقار المبيض القشرة الأنسجة الثقافة

Follicle development from the primordial to antral stage is a dynamic process within the ovarian cortex, which includes endocrine and paracrine factors ...