13.5 : 全身麻醉：概述

Anesthesia induces temporary loss of sensation and awareness through various agents.

There are different types of anesthesia, including general, local, and regional anesthesia. General anesthesia alters neuronal transmission in the CNS, resulting in a reversible state of unconsciousness.

General anesthesia is primarily used during surgeries to ensure optimal patient comfort and procedural effectiveness.

It necessitates monitoring for hemodynamic stability, adequate ventilation and oxygenation, preventing hypothermia, and mitigating potential adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting.

General anesthesia involves multiple components like amnesia, analgesia, unconsciousness, and immobility in response to noxious stimulation.

The choice of anesthetic depends on the patient's physical condition, anatomical site, and surgical procedure duration. Some examples include inhalational agents like volatile halogenated ethers and intravenous agents such as propofol and barbiturates.

Additionally, adjunct agents like benzodiazepines, α₂ agonists and neuromuscular blockers are often used to enhance the effects of general anesthetics.