1.3 : 药物浓度与时间相关性

Plasma drug levels, plotted at regular intervals, help track its time course in the body.

For instance, consider a plot after a single oral dose. The drug concentration rises slowly after absorption and then gradually declines as it undergoes elimination.

Here, C_max represents the highest plasma concentration, while T_max indicates the time required to achieve the maximum concentration or absorption rate. AUC, or area under the curve, represents the amount of drug in the blood.

The minimum effective concentration, or MEC, is the lowest drug concentration needed for therapeutic effects, and the time taken to reach MEC is the onset time.

The plasma concentration above the MEC reflects the intensity of the drug's effect, and the marked period denotes the duration of the effect.

Further, minimum toxic concentration, or MTC, specifies the drug concentration that initiates adverse effects.

The area between MEC and MTC defines the safe and effective dosage range, called the therapeutic window.

血浆药物浓度-时间曲线是药代动力学中的一个重要工具，表示给药后不同时间间隔内药物在血浆中的浓度。该曲线说明了药物从吸收进入全身循环、分布到身体组织，最终通过排泄或生物转化消除的过程。

两个关键参数是最低有效浓度 (MEC) 和最低毒性浓度 (MTC)。MEC 是在血浆和组织浓度达到平衡时，产生治疗效果所需的最低药物浓度。而 MTC 则是产生毒性作用的浓度阈值，超过此浓度就会产生毒性作用。药物达到 MEC 所需的时间称为起效时间。

药理作用的强度与被占据的药物受体成正比，即血浆药物浓度越高，药效越强。药物作用持续时间是指药物起效时间和药物浓度恢复至 MEC 之间的时间跨度。

治疗窗定义为 MEC 和 MTC 之间的范围，表示药物的安全范围。治疗窗越宽，表示药物越安全。

药代动力学还考虑血浆峰浓度 (C_max)、血浆峰浓度时间 (T_max) 和曲线下面积 (AUC) 等参数。C_max 与剂量、吸收速率常数和药物消除常数有关，而 T_max 大致表示药物吸收的平均速率。最后，AUC 对应于全身吸收的药物总量。

Tags

Plasma Drug Concentration Pharmacokinetics Concentration time Curve Minimum Effective Concentration MEC Minimum Toxic Concentration MTC Onset Time Therapeutic Window Cmax Tmax Area Under The Curve AUC Drug Absorption Drug Elimination Safety Margin

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