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Method Article
Abdominal adhesions that form after surgery are a major cause of pain, infertility, and hospitalization and reoperation for small bowel obstruction. Our surgical procedure for creating abdominal adhesions in mice is a reliable tool to study the mechanisms underlying the formation of adhesions.
Abdominal adhesions consist of fibrotic tissue that forms in the peritoneal space in response to an inflammatory insult, typically surgery or intraabdominal infection. The precise mechanisms underlying adhesion formation are poorly understood. Many compounds and physical barriers have been tested for their ability to prevent adhesions after surgery with varying levels of success. The mouse and rat are important models for the study of abdominal adhesions. Several different techniques for the creation of adhesions in the mouse and rat exist in the literature. Here we describe a protocol utilizing abrasion of the cecum with sandpaper and sutures placed in the right abdominal sidewall. The mouse is anesthetized and the abdomen is prepped. A midline laparotomy is created and the cecum is identified. Sandpaper is used to gently abrade the surface of the cecum. Next, several figure-of-eight sutures are placed into the peritoneum of the right abdominal sidewall. The abdominal cavity is irrigated, a small amount of starch is applied, and the incision is closed. We have found that this technique produces the most consistent adhesions with the lowest mortality rate.
腹腔粘连是疤痕组织的一种形式,在腹部形成响应于炎症,典型地在手术或腹腔内感染。粘连是慢性腹痛和不孕的重要原因,并且是小肠梗阻1的最常见的原因。粘连的存在使得执行第二腹部手术更加困难并增加了并发症2的可能性。
尽管经过多年的研究,粘连形成的基本机制仍然知之甚少。众所周知,最初的损伤腹膜表面导致富含纤维蛋白的流体,然后形成能结合肠和腹壁一起3的表面的凝块的渗出。后,成纤维细胞和其他细胞迁移到粘合剂空间和分泌结缔组织4。在几个月到几年的粘附成熟通过开发血管和神经 5。
几个商业产品存在被设计为减少腹部手术( 例如 ,Seprafilm)后粘连的形成。所有这些产品作为机械屏障并通过防止肠的循环和腹壁6,7-之间的物理接触停止粘连形成。尽管从对照试验手术防粘连减少粘连8形成的证据,许多外科医生有传言称已经失望的机械屏障产品的功效。
目前,还没有基于药物的抗粘附治疗的,这反映了一个事实,即参与粘连形成的精确过程知之甚少。开发特异性靶向参与形成粘连将要求所涉及的粘接的形成的事件的改进的理解细胞或分子试剂的疗法。几组■找识别分子途径可能对粘连形成9-11重要。动物模型为研究形成粘连提供一个极好的环境。许多研究已经发表描述几个动物,特别是大鼠,小鼠6,12-14手术创建粘连。鉴于我们的经验,在鼠标和转基因小鼠和基于鼠标的抗体的广泛应用研究纤维化,我们选择了鼠标作为我们粘连的研究模型。在此,我们报告,我们已经开发了可重复和可靠地创建小鼠腹腔粘连的技术。
下面的协议已被批准斯坦福大学机构动物护理和使用委员会(IACUC)和关于使用研究动物的所有机构的道德准则。
1.腹腔粘连的创建
2.收获组织粘连
在手术中,盲肠和可能升结肠,肝和小肠的环路七天后应粘着在右路腹壁。 ( 图8)切除的组织可被嵌入并切片和将产生极好的组织学载玻片。 ( 图11,12)
当被正确执行的程序,将小鼠的100%应该7天时都具有相当的粘连。死亡率应小于5%。
在此过程中的关键步骤是:彻底研磨盲肠,而不会造成穿孔,将缝合在腹侧壁,和施加的淀粉适量。仅应用砂纸盲肠,或肠的小特定部分。在大量小肠广泛使用砂纸往往会造成显著肠梗阻。小心磨损以足够的力量盲肠,表面变得粗糙,但没有这么多,墙壁眼泪。找到这种平衡可能需要一些时间。始终谨慎操作肠道,避免使用尖锐或齿镊操纵排便。这是很容易造成意外通过抓住用钳子小肠系膜或通过...
作者宣称,他们没有竞争的经济利益。
清洁发展机制是由美国外科学院(ACS)驻地研究奖学金支持。 MSH是由加州再生医学研究所(CIRM)临床研究员培训资助TG2-01159支持。 MSH,HPL和MTL由颌面外科医生协会(ASMS)/颌面外科基金会(MSF)研究基金奖的支持。 HPL是由美国国立卫生研究院资助R01 GM087609和英格丽·莱和比尔在蜀蜀安东尼纪念礼品支持。 HPL和MTL是由Hagey实验室小儿再生医学和橡树基金会的支持。 MTL由耿氏/奥利维尔基金的支持。
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Fisherbrand Absorbent Underpads, 20" x 24" | Fisher Scientific | 14-206-62 | |
Polylined Sterile Field, 18" x 24" | Busse Hospital Disposables | 696 | Cut a rectangular hole of the appropriate size |
Isothesia isoflurane | Henry Schein | 050033 | |
Fisherbrand Sterile cotton gauze pad, 4" x 4" | Fisher Scientific | 22-415-469 | |
Puralube petrolatum ophthalmic ointment, 1/8 oz. tube | Dechra Veterinary Products | NDC 17033-211-38 | |
Nair depilatory cream | Church & Dwight Co. | 22339-05 | |
Buprenex buprenorphine 0.3 mg/mL | Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc. | NDC 12496-0757-5 | |
1 cc insulin syringe, 27G | Becton Dickinson | 329412 | |
Povidone Iodine Prep Solution | Medline | MDS093944H | |
Webcol alcohol prep swabs | Covidien | 6818 | |
General-Purpose Labarotory Labeling tape | VWR | 89097-912 | |
BioGel PI surgical gloves | Mölnlycke Health Care | ALA42675Z | |
Micro Forceps with teeth | Roboz | RS-5150 | |
Fine scissors- sharp | Fine Science Tools | 14060-09 | |
Straight serrated forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11050-10 | |
Castro-Viejo needle driver | Fine Science Tools | 12565-14 | |
100 grit 1/4 sheet sandpaper | ACE Hardware | 1010446 | Cut into strips |
4-0 silk suture, 30", SH needle | Ethicon | K831 | |
7-0 PDS II absorbable monofilament suture, 30", BV-1 needle | Ethicon | Z135 | Usually comes double-armed. Cut the suture at the midway point to generate two usable sutures. |
Rice starch | MP Biomedicals | 102955 | |
0.9% Sodium Chloride Irrigation | Baxter | BHL2F7121 | Warm to 37° C prior to use |
10 mL syringe | Becton Dickinson | 309604 | |
6-0 Vicryl absorbable braided suture, 18", RB-1 taper needle | Ethicon | J212H | |
6-0 Ethilon nylon monofilament suture, 18", P-3 needle, | Ethicon | 1698G | |
Tegaderm Transparent Film Dressing Frame Style, 6 cm x 7 cm | 3M | 1624W | Cut in half lengthwise |
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