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这里描述了神经元溶酶体邻近标记蛋白质组学协议,以表征人类诱导的多能干细胞衍生神经元中的动态溶酶体微环境。溶酶体膜蛋白和与溶酶体相互作用(稳定或瞬时)的蛋白质可以在该方法中准确定量,在活体人类神经元中具有出色的细胞内空间分辨率。
溶酶体经常与各种生物分子交流,以实现降解和其他不同的细胞功能。溶酶体对人类大脑功能至关重要,因为神经元是有丝分裂后,严重依赖自噬-溶酶体途径来维持细胞稳态。尽管在理解各种溶酶体功能方面取得了进展,但捕获溶酶体和其他细胞成分之间的高度动态通讯在技术上具有挑战性,特别是在高通量方式中。在这里,为最近发表的人诱导多能干细胞(hiPSC)衍生神经元中的内源性(敲入)溶酶体邻近标记蛋白质组学方法提供了详细的协议。
溶酶体膜蛋白和10-20nm半径内溶酶体周围的蛋白质都可以在活的人类神经元中可靠地鉴定和准确定量。详细描述了协议的每个步骤,即hiPSC神经元培养,邻近标记,神经元收获,荧光显微镜,生物素化蛋白质富集,蛋白质消化,LC-MS分析和数据分析。总之,这种独特的内源性溶酶体邻近标记蛋白质组学方法为研究活体神经元中的高动态溶酶体活性提供了一种高通量和强大的分析工具。
溶酶体是分解代谢细胞器,通过溶酶体自噬途径1降解大分子。除了降解,溶酶体还参与多种细胞功能,如信号转导、营养传感和分泌2,3,4。溶酶体功能的扰动与溶酶体贮积症、癌症、衰老和神经变性有关3,5,6,7。对于有丝分裂后和高度极化的神经元,溶酶体在神经元细胞稳态、神经递质释放和沿轴突的长距离运输中起着关键作用8,9,10,11。然而,研究人类神经元中的溶酶体一直是一项具有挑战性的任务。诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)衍生神经元技术的最新进展使得能够培养以前无法获得的活体人类神经元,弥合了动物模型和人类患者研究人脑之间的差距12,
所有程序均由乔治华盛顿大学生物安全和伦理委员会批准。 表1提供了该方案中使用的培养基和缓冲液的组成。此处使用的商业产品信息在 材料表中提供。
1. 人iPSC衍生神经元培养
这项溶酶体邻近标记蛋白质组学研究是在人iPSC衍生的神经元中进行的,以在活神经元中 原位 捕获动态溶酶体微环境。hiPSCs和hiPSC衍生神经元在不同时间点的细胞形态如图 2A所示。人 iPSC 在 E8 培养基中的菌落中生长。通过将 iPSC 接种到含多西环素的神经元诱导培养基中来启动分化。在 3 天分化期间,神经突延伸每天变得更加明显。在神经元培养基中切换到PLO涂层板后?.......
使用该LAMP1-APEX探针,溶酶体膜上和附近的蛋白质被生物素化和富集。鉴于典型的溶酶体直径为100-1,200nm,该方法可提供出色的细胞内分辨率,标记半径为10-20nm。LAMP1是一种丰富的溶酶体膜蛋白,也是溶酶体的经典标志物,可作为内源表达水平溶酶体APEX标记的优良诱饵蛋白。然而,当使用LAMP1靶向溶酶体时也存在局限性,因为LAMP1也存在于晚期内体和非降解溶酶体中35。大多数溶?.......
作者声明没有相互竞争的经济利益。
这项研究得到了NIH资助(R01NS121608)的支持。A.M.F. 承认 ARCS-Metro 华盛顿分会奖学金和波旁 F. 斯克里布纳捐赠奖学金。我们感谢美国国家神经疾病和中风研究所(NINDS)的Michael Ward实验室提供的分子生物学支持和i3神经元技术开发。
....Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
10% (w/v) Saponin solution | Acros Organics | 419231000 | Flourescent Microscopy |
Accutase | Life Technologies | A1110501 | cell detachment solution, Cell Culture |
B27 Supplement | Fisher Scientific | 17504044 | Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium |
BDNF | PeproTech | 450-02 | Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium |
Boric acid | Sigma-Aldrich | B6768 | Cell Culture, Borate Buffer |
Bovine Serum Albumin | Millipore Sigma | A8806 | To make standard solutions to measure total protein concentrations |
Brainphys neuronal medium | STEMCELL Technologies | 5790 | Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium |
CD45R (B220) Antibody Alexa Fluor 561 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 505-0452-82 | Flourescent Microscopy |
Chroman1 ROCK inhibitor | Tocris | 716310 | Cell Culture |
cOmplete mini Protease Inhibitor | Roche | 4693123001 | cocktail inhibitor in Lysis Buffer |
DC Protein Assay Kit II | Bio-Rad | 5000112 | To determine total protein concentrations of cell lysate |
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | Sigma-Aldrich | D8418 | Proximity-labeling Reaction |
DMEM/F12 medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11320082 | Cell Culture, Dish Coating |
DMEM/F12 medium with HEPES | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11330057 | Cell Culture, Induction Medium |
Donkey serum | Sigma-Aldrich | D9663 | Flourescent Microscopy |
Doxycycline hyclate, ≥98% (HPLC) | Sigma-Aldrich | D9891-1G | Cell Culture, Induction Medium |
Essential 8 Medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1517001 | Cell Culture |
Essential 8 Supplement (50x) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1517101 | Cell Culture |
Extraction plate vacuum manifold kit | Waters | WAT097944 | For Peptide desalting |
Formic Acid (FA) | Fisher Scientific | A11750 | For LC-MS analysis |
GDNF | PeproTech | 450-10 | Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium |
Hoechst dye | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 62239 | Flourescent Microscopy |
HPLC grade methanol | Fisher Scientific | A452 | For Peptide desalting |
HPLC grade water | Fisher Scientific | W5 | For Peptide desalting |
Human induced pluripotent stem cells | Corriell Institute | GM25256 | Cell Culture |
Hydrogen peroxide, ACS, 29-32% w/w aq. soln., stab. | Thermo Fisher Scientific | AA33323AD | Proximity-labeling Reaction |
Iodoacetamide (IAA) | Millipore Sigma | I6125 | For Protein Digestion |
Laminin | Fisher Scientific | 23017015 | Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium |
LC-MS grade Acetonitrile | Fisher Scientific | A955 | For LC-MS analysis |
LC-MS grade water | Fisher Scientific | W64 | For LC-MS analysis |
L-glutamine | Fisher Scientific | 25-030-081 | Cell Culture, Induction Medium |
Matrigel | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 08-774-552 | basement membrane matrix, Cell Culture, Dish Coating |
Mouse anti-human LAMP1 monoclonal antibody | Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank | h4a3 | Flourescent Microscopy |
N-2 Supplement (100x) | Fisher Scientific | 17-502-048 | Cell Culture, Induction Medium |
Nitrocellulose Membrane, Precut, 0.45 µm, 7 x 8.5 cm | Bio-Rad | 1620145 | To conduct dot blot assay for bead titration |
Non-essential amino acids (NEAA) | Fisher Scientific | 11-140-050 | Cell Culture, Induction Medium |
NT-3 | PeproTech | 450-03 | Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium |
Oasis HLB 96-well solid phase extraction plate | Waters | 186000309 | For Peptide desalting |
Odyssey Blocking Buffer (TBS) | LI-COR Biosciences | 927-50000 | To conduct dot blot assay for bead titration |
Paraformaldehyde | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 15710 | Flourescent Microscopy |
Phenol Biotin (1,000x stock) | Adipogen | 41994-02-9 | Proximity-labeling Reaction |
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium or magnesium | Gibco | 10010049 | Cell Culture, Proximity-labeling Reaction, Flourescent Microscopy |
Pierce Quantitative Colorimetric Peptide Assay | Thermo Fisher | 23275 | Peptide Concentration Assay |
Poly-L-Ornithine (PLO) | Millipore Sigma | P3655 | Cell Culture, Dish Coating |
Sodium Ascorbate | Sigma-Aldrich | A4034 | Proximity-Labeling Quench Buffer, Lysis Buffer |
Sodium azide | Sigma-Aldrich | S8032 | Proximity-Labeling Quench Buffer, Lysis Buffer, Flourescent Microscopy |
Sodium chloride | Thermo Fisher Scientific | S271500 | Cell Culture, Borate Buffer |
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | BP1311220 | Lysis Buffer, Dot blot assay buffer, Beads wash buffer |
Sodium hydroxide | Sigma-Aldrich | 415413 | Cell Culture, Borate Buffer |
Sodium tetraborate | Sigma-Aldrich | 221732 | Cell Culture, Borate Buffer |
SpeedVac concentrator | vacuum concentrator | ||
Streptavidin Magnetic Sepharose Beads | Cytiva (formal GE) | 28-9857-99 | Enrich biotinylated proteins |
Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 680 Conjugate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | S32358 | To conduct dot blot assay for bead titration |
Thermomixer | temperature-controlled mixer | ||
Trifluoacetic acid (TFA) | Millipore Sigma | 302031 | For Peptide desalting |
Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) | Millipore Sigma | C4706 | For Protein Digestion |
Tris-HCl | Thermo Fisher Scientific | BP152500 | Lysis Buffer, Dot blot assay buffer, Beads wash buffer |
Triton-X | Thermo Fisher Scientific | BP151500 | Beads wash buffer |
TROLOX | Sigma-Aldrich | 648471 | Proximity-Labeling Quench Buffer, Lysis Buffer |
Trypsin/Lys-C Mix, Mass Spec Grade | Promega | V5073 | For Protein Digestion |
TWEEN 20 | Millipore Sigma | P1379 | Dot blot assay buffer |
Urea | Thermo Fisher Scientific | BP169500 | Beads wash and On-Beads Digestion Buffer |
Vitronectin | STEMCELL Technologies | 7180 | Cell Culture, Dish Coating |
Y-27632 ROCK inhibitor | Selleck | S1049 | Cell Culture |
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