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In This Article

  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Introduction
  • Protocol
  • Representative Results
  • Discussion
  • Acknowledgements
  • Materials
  • References
  • Reprints and Permissions

Summary

A neuronal lysosome proximity labeling proteomics protocol is described here to characterize the dynamic lysosomal microenvironment in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Lysosomal membrane proteins and proteins that interact with lysosomes (stably or transiently) can be accurately quantified in this method with excellent intracellular spatial resolution in live human neurons.

Abstract

Lysosomes frequently communicate with a variety of biomolecules to achieve the degradation and other diverse cellular functions. Lysosomes are critical to human brain function, as neurons are postmitotic and rely heavily on the autophagy-lysosome pathway to maintain cellular homeostasis. Despite advancements in the understanding of various lysosomal functions, capturing the highly dynamic communications between lysosomes and other cellular components is technically challenging, particularly in a high-throughput fashion. Here, a detailed protocol is provided for the recently published endogenous (knock-in) lysosome proximity labeling proteomic method in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons.

Both lysosomal membrane proteins and proteins surrounding lysosomes within a 10-20 nm radius can be confidently identified and accurately quantified in live human neurons. Each step of the protocol is described in detail, i.e., hiPSC-neuron culture, proximity labeling, neuron harvest, fluorescence microscopy, biotinylated protein enrichment, protein digestion, LC-MS analysis, and data analysis. In summary, this unique endogenous lysosomal proximity labeling proteomics method provides a high-throughput and robust analytical tool to study the highly dynamic lysosomal activities in live human neurons.

Introduction

Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that degrade macromolecules via the lysosomal-autophagy pathway1. Besides degradation, lysosomes are involved in diverse cellular functions such as signaling transduction, nutrient sensing, and secretion2,3,4. Perturbations in lysosomal function have been implicated in lysosomal storage disorders, cancer, aging, and neurodegeneration3,5,6,7. For postmitotic and highly polarized neurons, lyso....

Protocol

All procedures were approved by the George Washington University biosafety and ethics committee. The compositions of media and buffers used in this protocol are provided in Table 1. The commercial product information used here is provided in the Table of Materials.

1. Human iPSC-derived neuron culture

  1. Human iPSC culture and LAMP1-APEX probe integration (7 days)
    1. Thaw Matrigel stock solution in an ice bucket at 4 °C .......

Representative Results

This lysosome proximity labeling proteomics study was conducted in human iPSC-derived neurons to capture the dynamic lysosomal microenvironment in situ in live neurons. Cell morphologies of hiPSCs and hiPSC-derived neurons at different time points are illustrated in Figure 2A. Human iPSCs grow in colonies in E8 medium. Differentiation is initiated by plating iPSCs into doxycycline-containing neuron induction medium. Neurite extensions become more visible each day during the 3 day di.......

Discussion

Using this LAMP1-APEX probe, proteins on and near the lysosomal membrane are biotinylated and enriched. Given the typical lysosome diameter of 100-1,200 nm, this method provides excellent intracellular resolution with a 10-20 nm labeling radius. LAMP1 is an abundant lysosomal membrane protein and a classical marker for lysosomes, serving as an excellent bait protein for lysosomal APEX labeling at the endogenous expression level. However, limitations also exist when using LAMP1 to target lysosomes, as LAMP1 is also presen.......

Acknowledgements

This study is supported by the NIH grant (R01NS121608). A.M.F. acknowledges the ARCS-Metro Washington Chapter Scholarship and the Bourbon F. Scribner Endowment Fellowship. We thank the Michael Ward lab at the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) for molecular biology support and the i3Neuron technology development.

....

Materials

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
10% (w/v) Saponin solutionAcros Organics419231000Flourescent Microscopy
AccutaseLife TechnologiesA1110501cell detachment solution, Cell Culture
B27 SupplementFisher Scientific17504044Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium
BDNFPeproTech450-02Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium
Boric acidSigma-AldrichB6768Cell Culture, Borate Buffer
Bovine Serum AlbuminMillipore SigmaA8806To make standard solutions to measure total protein concentrations
Brainphys neuronal mediumSTEMCELL Technologies5790Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium
CD45R (B220) Antibody Alexa Fluor 561Thermo Fisher Scientific505-0452-82Flourescent Microscopy
Chroman1 ROCK inhibitorTocris716310Cell Culture
cOmplete mini Protease InhibitorRoche4693123001cocktail inhibitor in Lysis Buffer
DC Protein Assay Kit IIBio-Rad5000112To determine total protein concentrations of cell lysate
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)Sigma-AldrichD8418Proximity-labeling Reaction
DMEM/F12 mediumThermo Fisher Scientific11320082Cell Culture, Dish Coating
DMEM/F12 medium with HEPESThermo Fisher Scientific11330057Cell Culture, Induction Medium
Donkey serumSigma-AldrichD9663Flourescent Microscopy
Doxycycline hyclate, ≥98% (HPLC)Sigma-AldrichD9891-1GCell Culture, Induction Medium
Essential 8 MediumThermo Fisher ScientificA1517001Cell Culture
Essential 8 Supplement (50x)Thermo Fisher ScientificA1517101Cell Culture
Extraction plate vacuum manifold kitWatersWAT097944For Peptide desalting
Formic Acid (FA)Fisher ScientificA11750For LC-MS analysis
GDNFPeproTech450-10Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium
Hoechst dyeThermo Fisher Scientific62239Flourescent Microscopy
HPLC grade methanolFisher ScientificA452For Peptide desalting
HPLC grade waterFisher ScientificW5For Peptide desalting
Human induced pluripotent stem cellsCorriell InstituteGM25256Cell Culture
Hydrogen peroxide, ACS, 29-32% w/w aq. soln., stab.Thermo Fisher ScientificAA33323ADProximity-labeling Reaction
Iodoacetamide (IAA)Millipore SigmaI6125For Protein Digestion
LamininFisher Scientific23017015Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium
LC-MS grade AcetonitrileFisher ScientificA955For LC-MS analysis
LC-MS grade waterFisher ScientificW64For LC-MS analysis
L-glutamineFisher Scientific25-030-081Cell Culture, Induction Medium
MatrigelThermo Fisher Scientific08-774-552basement membrane matrix, Cell Culture, Dish Coating
Mouse anti-human LAMP1 monoclonal antibodyDevelopmental Studies Hybridoma Bankh4a3Flourescent Microscopy
N-2 Supplement (100x)Fisher Scientific17-502-048Cell Culture, Induction Medium
Nitrocellulose Membrane, Precut, 0.45 µm, 7 x 8.5 cmBio-Rad1620145To conduct dot blot assay for bead titration
Non-essential amino acids (NEAA)Fisher Scientific11-140-050Cell Culture, Induction Medium
NT-3PeproTech450-03Cell Culture, Cortical Neuron Medium
Oasis HLB 96-well solid phase extraction plateWaters186000309For Peptide desalting
Odyssey Blocking Buffer (TBS)LI-COR Biosciences927-50000To conduct dot blot assay for bead titration
ParaformaldehydeElectron Microscopy Sciences15710Flourescent Microscopy
Phenol Biotin (1,000x stock)Adipogen41994-02-9Proximity-labeling Reaction
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without calcium or magnesiumGibco10010049Cell Culture, Proximity-labeling Reaction, Flourescent Microscopy
Pierce Quantitative Colorimetric Peptide AssayThermo Fisher23275Peptide Concentration Assay
Poly-L-Ornithine (PLO)Millipore SigmaP3655Cell Culture, Dish Coating
Sodium AscorbateSigma-AldrichA4034Proximity-Labeling Quench Buffer, Lysis Buffer
Sodium azideSigma-AldrichS8032Proximity-Labeling Quench Buffer, Lysis Buffer, Flourescent Microscopy
Sodium chlorideThermo Fisher ScientificS271500Cell Culture, Borate Buffer
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)Thermo Fisher ScientificBP1311220Lysis Buffer, Dot blot assay buffer, Beads wash buffer
Sodium hydroxideSigma-Aldrich415413Cell Culture, Borate Buffer
Sodium tetraborateSigma-Aldrich221732Cell Culture, Borate Buffer
SpeedVac concentratorvacuum concentrator
Streptavidin Magnetic Sepharose BeadsCytiva (formal GE)28-9857-99Enrich biotinylated proteins
Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor 680 ConjugateThermo Fisher ScientificS32358To conduct dot blot assay for bead titration
Thermomixertemperature-controlled mixer
Trifluoacetic acid (TFA)Millipore Sigma302031For Peptide desalting
Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP)Millipore SigmaC4706For Protein Digestion
Tris-HClThermo Fisher ScientificBP152500Lysis Buffer, Dot blot assay buffer, Beads wash buffer
Triton-XThermo Fisher ScientificBP151500Beads wash buffer
TROLOXSigma-Aldrich648471Proximity-Labeling Quench Buffer, Lysis Buffer
Trypsin/Lys-C Mix, Mass Spec GradePromegaV5073For Protein Digestion
TWEEN 20Millipore SigmaP1379Dot blot assay buffer
UreaThermo Fisher ScientificBP169500Beads wash and On-Beads Digestion Buffer
VitronectinSTEMCELL Technologies7180Cell Culture, Dish Coating
Y-27632 ROCK inhibitorSelleckS1049Cell Culture

References

  1. De Duve, C., Wattiaux, R. Functions of lysosomes. Annual Review of Physiology. 28 (1), 435-492 (1966).
  2. Ballabio, A., Bonifacino, J. S. Lysosomes as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal homeostasis. Nature Reviews Molecular ....

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