这项工作是由西蒙斯基金会（SFARI＃89638到RB）的资助。

以下协议坚持华盛顿大学机构审查委员会的指导方针。 1，电生理评估<ol><li>会议的制备<ol><li>机房准备：地方manipulandum（ 见图1），附带一个传感器，它发送一个带有时间戳标记采集软件，当它被抓住，在表中抓参与者接触木块。激活脑电信号采集软件，并开始“新的会话”（ 图S1）。 </li><li>扣除准备：蒸馏水（1升），氯化钾（1汤匙），和婴儿洗发精（1茶匙）至104°F。温暖的解决方案泡128 - 电极致密阵列EEG系统中的温热生理盐水溶液。 </li><li>参与者准备：确保参与者坐在舒适的大约75厘米的刺激呈现的显示器，充分考虑到视频凸轮时代。找到并用皮肤标记标记对参与者的头部顶点。通过寻找鼻根和INION和preauriculars之间的中点之间的中点的交点测量顶点。 </li><li> Net应用程序：放置于参与者的头部脑电帽使得顶点电极直接放置在顶点标记。检查的阻抗，并确保阻抗低于阈值适合该脑电系统中使用（ 图S2）。 </li><li>开始偷拍会话。 </li></ol></li><li>录像设置：参考信号发送到顶点电极。介于0.1和100赫兹的模拟滤波，放大的信号，并进行数字化，在500采样/秒。 </li><li>刺激呈现：目前参与者有3个条件：遵守，执行和休息，改编自Muthukumaraswamy和他的同事5开发的典范。 <ol><li>观察条件：指导学员静静地坐着看一个人抓manipulandum的视频。每次试验应持续6秒。时间的观察试验的预先录制的视频精确，以确保所观察到的把握发生在刚好3秒。任务期间，监测参与者的视觉注意力，并注明试验期间，他们不参加到后期处理过程中被丢弃的画面。 </li><li>执行情况：指导参加者静静地右手搭略低于manipulandum坐着，一听到预先录制的听觉线索，从观察条件的视频剪辑模仿manipulandum抢。每次试验应持续6秒。确保听觉线索是通过预录的听觉轨道，它维护提出了在恰好3秒的一贯定时执行线索和试验间隔。利用上manipulandum传感器来精确记录了参与者的把握出现的时间（ 图三 ）。 </li><li>其余条件：指示参与者坐在奎TLY眼睛睁开，被动地观察一个小十字刺激监视器上。其余条件，3分钟内连续记录脑电图。 </li><li>对于这两种观察和执行条件的10本试验中随机块，总共每状态40的试验。确保manipulandum的形象保留在屏幕上整个观察和执行模块，包括试验间。管理其余条件在完成观察和执行情况。 </li></ol></li><li>数据处理<ol><li>下面的数据收集，复检阻抗。注意：任何更改阻抗水平。结束采集软件记录。 </li><li>后处理：Rereference脑电信号的平均水平。段不间断的脑电数据转换成40 6秒试验的每个条件（ 图S4）。 </li><li>进行自动检测的神器。使用自动算法通过识别速度快平均振幅exceedin检查为移动文物分类克200μV，差分幅度平均超过100μV，并在给定的试验（ 图五 ）方差为零。 </li><li>通过视觉检查数据，并与该会话的视频审查确认删除所有试验中沾染任何运动伪影和所有试验中沾染任何运动伪影无关的姿态把握执行条件的观测条件进行手动失真检测。排除试验与分析显著神器。放弃收购过程中被标记为未参加任何审判。检查并注意审判拒绝根据分析各组的诊断率。 </li></ol></li><li>数据分析<ol><li>每Muthukumaraswamy 等 5段清洗试验分为2秒时代由1秒的数据的把握和1秒后同时为观察（如标注由光电）和执行（如标注由manipulandum传感器）的条件之前。段c俯身从休息状态2秒时代。 </li><li>快速傅立叶变换（FFT）的每个片段。选择对周围的标准C3和C4的位置进行统计分析（以下Muthukumaraswamy 等 5每个半球的八个电极集群和 尼尔等人 3）（ 图2）。对于每个条件，横跨纳入试验的平均功率来计算功率谱。 </li><li>通过一个马达动作或执行或观察，相对于所述平均功率的静止状态时，跨越8-13赫兹范围内检查平均功率计算亩衰减。使用此比例的对数来确定的衰减程度。注：负值表示执行或观察过程中的衰减，而正值表示增大。此方法考虑到可变性不同的个体，和非正常表达形式的比例值。&lt;BR /&gt;注：该协议是使用128电极密集阵脑电图系统，网络站软件4.1版开发的。而基本步骤是横跨脑电图系统类似，采集和分析的协议可以变化。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2，样品表征<ol><li>通过研究登记，以前的参与者列表，或者从所在地区的诊所和医生转介找出潜在的患者群体参与的范式。 </li><li>为满足诊断标准的临床结构（ 如自闭症），并识别任何排斥性标准，如头部外伤，肿瘤，癫痫发作史，或使用抗惊厥或巴比妥类药物可能会扭曲的存在可能性屏幕潜在参与者的电生理信号。 </li><li>通过使用金标准诊断仪器（ 如孤独症诊断访谈，重新确认患者人群的诊断状态vised（ADI-R 11）和自闭症诊断观察量表-通用（ADOS-G 12）经管专家医生下诊断和统计手册- 第 5版（DSM-5）标准13。 </li><li>找出匹配的利益相关变量，如年龄，性别，认知能力等控件示例</li></ol>

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Neurosci. , 110-123 (2011).</li><li>Oberman, L., McCleery, J., Hubbard, E., Bernier, R., Pineda, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+changes+in+mu+suppression+to+observed+actions+in+individuals+with+autism+spectrum+disorders.">Developmental changes in mu suppression to observed actions in individuals with autism spectrum disorders.</a> Soc. Cogn. Affective Neurosci. 8, 300-304 .</li></ol>

作者宣称没有竞争的财务权益。

成功收购，加工和分析相关的万亩节奏和应用临床人群电数据需要1个）的脑电图方法工具的应用，2）仔细神器检测和数据还原，3）准确识别亩节奏，和4）的临床群体以及确定适当的对照组的准确表征。 适当的脑电图方法需要正常运作和集成设备，适当帽的选择和布局，信号的精确放大和时序，明确，畅通，无失真的信号，适当参考的信号，适当分段（...

脑电图（EEG）是评估和记录大脑活动的有效，高效，无创方法。作为神经元激发在大脑中，所产生的电压可以被放大，记录，并以图形方式表示。脑电图的时间分辨率允许在大脑的振荡模式，即使短暂的变化，以及大脑的响应特定刺激的分析的分析。 尽管是历史最悠久的大脑成像技术，其历史可以追溯到19 世纪后期，脑电图仍具有广泛的适用性。而功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）具有优良的空间分辨率，它具有相对较差的时间分辨率。这代表了功能磁共振成像评估的主要限制给出的令人难以置信的速度，发生在大脑的进程。脑电图有毫秒级评估电气大脑活动的能力，提供了潜在的Insight入脑的处理的各个阶段。 日新月异的技术也扩大了脑电图的适用性。在记录系统的密​​度的增加使得对源定位技术的发展，减轻对于空间分辨率的一些脑电图的局限性。另外，先进的系统已经减少了单个参与者建立时间显著，允许以前没有的人群，如婴幼儿及临床样品1-3,28-30的评估。 鉴于良好的时间分辨率，脑电图可以用来检查与特定的行为，状态或外界刺激的神经反应。该实用程序的一个例子是镜像神经元系统（MNS）在人体中的评估。镜像神经元最初在猴子身上发现使用单神经元记录4，证明一组神经元的反应既执行和观察电机动作。将电极在大脑中的这种直接记录方法，在人类中，只有在恶劣的临床病例中很少使用。脑电图已经提供了一种通过监测脑电图亩节奏评估MNS。在8-12赫兹范围该振荡模式已显示出减弱的EEG功率响应于执行和观察马达的动作，类似于在猴子5-7中观察到的激活模式。同样，通过经颅磁刺激（ 如额下回）刺激假定MNS脑区的脑电废除节奏万亩和8万亩脑电节律抑制与相关脑功能成像的科目9中公认的镜像神经元区域BOLD信号，提供额外的支持，这节奏索引，至少部分地，MNS活性。脑电图亩节奏评估允许的镜像神经元作为的无创性评估ivity在人。 脑电图为研究大脑活动的唯一方法，当与基于行为的检测相结合，它可以是一个强大的工具，阐明社会认知方面，如模仿，在临床人群。此外，脑电图与人群的认知或语言障碍使用的适用性允许洞察个人对他们来说，其他成像技术或行为范式可能不太成功运用的能力。所描述的协议提供了一个途径，研究社会认知功能理论上链接到镜像神经元系统中具有典型和非典型的发展，如自闭症的人。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="994">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Geodesic EEG System</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EGI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:539px;">Any EEG system, not only EGI based systems, is applicable for the described study</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">MATLAB software</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">MATLAB</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Any mathematical, statistical software that can work with matrices is applicable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Netstation software</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">EGI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Any EEG acquisition software is applicable for the described study</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:267px;">Manipulandum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">custom</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Any object that is co-registered with data acquisition software to signal a successful grasp</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

eeg mu rhythm in typical and atypical development

脑电图（EEG）是评估和记录大脑活动的有效，高效，无创方法。鉴于良好的时间分辨率，脑电图可以用来检查与特定的行为，状态或外界刺激的神经反应。该实用程序的一个例子是镜像神经元系统（MNS）在人类通过脑电图亩节奏的检查评估。脑电图亩的节奏，从位于市中心的电极记录在8-12赫兹的频率范围内振动的活性，抑制当一个人执行时，或者干脆指出，目标导向行动。因此，已经提出，以反映MNS的活性。据推测，在镜像神经元系统（MNS）功能障碍中起着自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的社会赤字贡献作用。该MNS然后可以通过使用脑电图亩节奏衰减为指标，对其活动进行无创检查在临床人群。所描述的普罗特OCOL提供了一个途径是观察社会的认知功能与典型的和非典型的发展，如房间隔缺损的个体理论上链接到MNS。

典型成人，儿童和婴幼儿的范式既执行和观察的行为在各种刺激和5，14-30期间一贯表现亩节奏。衰减在该频段频率一致本地化跨越中央电极（ 图3），表明这不是减少它被记录在其他的头皮区域阿尔法权力。类似地，在观察运动的衰减在这个频率被限制到观察的基于生物学的运动和抑制的是不是简单地从运动引起穿过视场，如弹跳球（ 图4）。亩抑制响应于一个事...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development at JoVE.com

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

脑电图亩节奏评估为研究大脑活动的唯一方法，当与基于行为的检测相结合，可以是一个强大的工具，阐明社会认知方面，如模仿，在临床人群。

脑电图沐节奏典型和非典型发展

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an effective, efficient, and noninvasive method of assessing and recording brain activity. Given the excellent temporal ...

eeg-mu-rhythm-in-typical-and-atypical-development

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

25.4K 次观看.  University of Washington. 脑电图亩节奏评估为研究大脑活动的唯一方法，当与基于行为的检测相结合，可以是一个强大的工具，阐明社会认知方面，如模仿，在临床人群。 

视频: EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Direct Pressure Monitoring Accurately Predicts Pulmonary Vein Occlusion During Cryoballoon Ablation

Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is an established therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion is essential for achieving antral contact and PV isolation and is typically assessed by contrast injection. We present a novel method of direct pressure monitoring for assessment of PV occlusion.
Transcatheter pressure is monitored during balloon advancement to the PV antrum. Pressure is recorded via a single pressure transducer connected to the inner lumen of the cryoballoon. Pressure curve characteristics are used to assess occlusion in conjunction with fluoroscopic or intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance. PV occlusion is confirmed when loss of typical left atrial (LA) pressure waveform is observed with recordings of PA pressure characteristics (no A wave and rapid V wave upstroke). Complete pulmonary vein occlusion as assessed with this technique has been confirmed with concurrent contrast utilization during the initial testing of the technique and has been shown to be highly accurate and readily reproducible.
We evaluated the efficacy of this novel technique in 35 patients. A total of 128 veins were assessed for occlusion with the cryoballoon utilizing the pressure monitoring technique; occlusive pressure was demonstrated in 113 veins with resultant successful pulmonary vein isolation in 111 veins (98.2%). Occlusion was confirmed with subsequent contrast injection during the initial ten procedures, after which contrast utilization was rapidly reduced or eliminated given the highly accurate identification of occlusive pressure waveform with limited initial training.
Verification of PV occlusive pressure during CBA is a novel approach to assessing effective PV occlusion and it accurately predicts electrical isolation. Utilization of this method results in significant decrease in fluoroscopy time and volume of contrast.

Effective pulmonary vein isolation utilizing a cryoballoon depends on complete pulmonary vein occlusion. The point of occlusion can be effectively predicted by direct analysis of pulmonary vein pressure waveform analysis during balloon inflation using a simple and reproducible technique.

直接压力监测准确预测在Cryoballoon消融肺静脉阻塞

Cryoballoon  ablation (CBA) is an established therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF).  Pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion is essential for achieving antral ...

科研

医学

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind

Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind. Using only audio based cues and set within the context of a video game metaphor, users gather relevant spatial information regarding a building's layout. This allows the user to develop an accurate spatial cognitive map of a large-scale three-dimensional space that can be manipulated for the purposes of a real indoor navigation task. After game play, participants are then assessed on their ability to navigate within the target physical building represented in the game. Preliminary results suggest that early blind users were able to acquire relevant information regarding the spatial layout of a previously unfamiliar building as indexed by their performance on a series of navigation tasks. These tasks included path finding through the virtual and physical building, as well as a series of drop off tasks. We find that the immersive and highly interactive nature of the AbES software appears to greatly engage the blind user to actively explore the virtual environment. Applications of this approach may extend to larger populations of visually impaired individuals.

Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind.

基于音频的虚拟游戏环境的发展，以帮助盲人的导航技巧

Audio-based Environment Simulator (AbES) is virtual environment software designed to improve real world navigation skills in the blind. Using only audio ...

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

The diagnosis of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs) of sheep and goats, is currently based on the detection of disease-associated prion protein by post mortem tests. Unless a random sample of the sheep or goat population is actively monitored for scrapie, identification of scrapie cases relies on the reporting of clinical suspects, which is dependent on the individual&#39;s familiarization with the disease and ability to recognize clinical signs associated with scrapie. Scrapie may not be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases in small ruminants, particularly in countries with low scrapie prevalence, or not recognized&#160;if it presents as nonpruritic form like atypical scrapie. To aid in the identification of clinical suspects, a short examination protocol is presented to assess the display of specific clinical signs associated with pruritic and nonpruritic forms of TSEs in sheep, which could also be applied to goats. This includes assessment of behavior, vision (by testing of the menace response), pruritus (by testing the response to scratching), and movement (with and without blindfolding). This may lead to a more detailed neurologic examination&#160;of reporting animals as scrapie suspects. It&#160;could also be used in experimental TSE studies of sheep or goats to evaluate disease progression or to identify clinical end-point.

A short clinical examination protocol is presented to aid in the detection of classical and atypical scrapie in sheep and goats.

临床检查协议检测非典型和经典刮在绵羊

The diagnosis of scrapie, a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs) of sheep and goats, is currently based on the detection of disease-associated ...

Real-time Cytotoxicity Assays in Human Whole Blood

A live cell-based whole blood cytotoxicity assay (WCA) that allows access to temporal information of the overall cell cytotoxicity is developed with high-throughput cell positioning technology. The targeted tumor cell populations are first preprogrammed to immobilization into an array format, and labeled with green fluorescent cytosolic dyes. Following the cell array formation, antibody drugs are added in combination with human whole blood. Propidium iodide (PI) is then added to assess cell death. The cell array is analyzed with an automatic imaging system. While cytosolic dye labels the targeted tumor cell populations, PI labels the dead tumor cell populations. Thus, the percentage of target cancer cell killing can be quantified by calculating the number of surviving targeted cells to the number of dead targeted cells. With this method, researchers are able to access time-dependent and dose-dependent cell cytotoxicity information. Remarkably, no hazardous radiochemicals are used. The WCA presented here has been tested with lymphoma, leukemia, and solid tumor cell lines. Therefore, WCA allows researchers to assess drug efficacy in a highly relevant ex&#160;vivo condition.

The whole blood cytotoxicity assay (WCA) is a cytotoxicity assay developed by incorporating high-throughput cell positioning technology with fluorescence microscopy and automated image processing. Here, we describe how lymphoma cells treated with an anti-CD20 antibody can be analyzed real-time in human whole blood to provide quantitative cellular cytotoxicity analysis.

实时的细胞毒性分析在人全血

A live cell-based whole blood cytotoxicity assay (WCA) that allows access to temporal information of the overall cell cytotoxicity is developed with ...

Brain Source Imaging in Preclinical Rat Models of Focal Epilepsy using High-Resolution EEG Recordings

Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been traditionally used to determine which brain regions are the most likely candidates for resection in patients with focal epilepsy. This methodology relies on the assumption that seizures originate from the same regions of the brain from which interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) emerge. Preclinical models are very useful to find correlates between IED locations and the actual regions underlying seizure initiation in focal epilepsy. Rats have been commonly used in preclinical studies of epilepsy1; hence, there exist a large variety of models for focal epilepsy in this particular species. However, it is challenging to record multichannel EEG and to perform brain source imaging in such a small animal. To overcome this issue, we combine a patented-technology to obtain 32-channel EEG recordings from rodents2 and an MRI probabilistic atlas for brain anatomical structures in Wistar rats to perform brain source imaging. In this video, we introduce the procedures to acquire multichannel EEG from Wistar rats with focal cortical dysplasia, and describe the steps both to define the volume conductor model from the MRI atlas and to uniquely determine the IEDs. Finally, we validate the whole methodology by obtaining brain source images of IEDs and compare them with those obtained at different time frames during the seizure onset.

This video introduces the preparation, recording, and source analysis procedures of high-resolution EEG on sedated rats with a particular preclinical model of focal epilepsy under noninvasive conditions.

采用高分辨率脑电图记录脑源成像局灶性癫痫的临床前模型大鼠

Electroencephalogram (EEG) has been traditionally used to determine which brain regions are the most likely candidates for resection in patients with ...

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

This protocol shows the measurement of the apoptotic activity neutralization of TNF&#945; in a mouse fibroblast cell model (WEHI 164) using an anti-TNF&#945; mAb. In addition, this protocol can be used to evaluate other anti-TNF&#945; molecules, such as fusion proteins. The cellular model employed here is sensitive to TNF&#945;-mediated apoptosis when an additional stress factor is induced in cell culture conditions (e.g., serum deprivation). This procedure exemplifies how to execute this analytical assay, highlighting the key operations relating to the sample preparation, cell dilution, apoptosis induction, and spectrophotometric measurements that are critical to ensure successful results. This protocol reveals the best-performance conditions relating to apoptosis induction and efficient signal recording, leading to low uncertainty values.

Determination of the Relative Potency of an Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody mAb by Neutralizing TNF Using an In Vitro Bioanalytical Method

A protocol for the determination of the relative anti-apoptotic activity of an anti-TNF&#945; mAb using a neutralization mechanism with WEHI 164 cells is presented here. This protocol is useful for comparing the neutralization strength of different molecules with the same biological functionality.

使用体外生物法测定抗 tnf 单克隆抗体 (抗体) 的相对效力

This protocol shows the measurement of the apoptotic activity neutralization of TNF&#945; in a mouse fibroblast cell model (WEHI 164) using an ...

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-&#946; and Tau Neuropathology

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of &#946;-amyloidosis and tauopathy. The paradigm includes tests for spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze, novel object recognition, and limb clasping. These tests were selected because they: 1) interrogate function of cognitive or motor domains and the correlate neural circuitry relevant to the human disease state, 2) have clearly defined endpoints, 3) have easily implementable quality control checks, 4) can be run in a moderate throughput format, and 5) require little intervention by the investigator. These methods are designed for investigators looking to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks, or functional motor behaviors associated with Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The methods described here use behavioral tests that engage a number of different brain regions including hippocampus and various cortical areas. Investigators that desire cognitive tests that specifically assess cognition mediated by a single brain region could use these techniques to supplement other behavioral tests.

Assessment of Spontaneous Alternation, Novel Object Recognition and Limb Clasping in Transgenic Mouse Models of Amyloid-&amp;#946; and Tau Neuropathology

Described here is a staged, behavioral screening approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional motor behaviors in transgenic mouse models of &#946;-amyloidosis and tauopathy. These methods are optimized to screen compounds for activity in short-term and working memory tasks.

自发交替评估，淀粉样蛋白β和脑神经病理学转基因小鼠模型中的新物体识别和肢体紧扣

Here we describe a staged, behavioral testing approach that can be used to screen for compounds that exhibit in vivo efficacy on cognitive and functional ...

The Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and EEG Monitoring Using Radiotelemetry System in Mice

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) is frequently selected to recapitulate spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS). Here we present a protocol of SE induction by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of pilocarpine and monitoring of chronic recurring seizures in live animals using a wireless telemetry video and electroencephalogram (EEG) system. We demonstrated notable behavioral changes that need attention after pilocarpine injection and their correlation with hippocampal neuronal loss at 7 days and 6 weeks post-pilocarpine. We also describe the experimental procedures of electrode implantation for video and EEG recording, and analysis of the frequency and duration of chronic recurrent seizures. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons why the expected results are not achieved in each case. This provides a basic overview of modeling chronic epilepsy in mice and guidelines for troubleshooting. We believe this protocol can serve as a baseline for suitable models of chronic epilepsy and epileptogenesis.

This manuscript describes a method of inducing status epilepticus by systemic pilocarpine injection and of monitoring spontaneous recurrent seizures in live animals using a wireless telemetry video and electroencephalogram system. This protocol can be utilized for studying the pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and acute seizures.

小鼠颞叶癫痫的 Radiotelemetry 模型及脑电图监测

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common neurological disorder in adulthood. For translational studies of chronic epilepsy, pilocarpine-induced status ...

Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells are useful models of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Here we present a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader.

温度控制384孔板中用 Ca 敏感荧光染料测定人 iPSC 的心肌细胞较多的收缩

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac ...

A Training and Testing System for Performing Vascular Reconstruction In Vitro

Manual vascular reconstruction training is essential for a beginner surgeon. However, an optimal training system for vascular reconstruction in vitro has yet to be developed. In this study, we introduce an in vitro training and testing system using a magnetic anchoring technique with which a trainee can practice manual vascular reconstruction individually. Additionally, this system can also be used to test the quality of the reconstruction. The described system includes a vascular reconstruction training machine, magnetic tractors, and a magnetic suture puller. In this manuscript, we detail an end-to-end vein anastomosis using porcine right and left iliac veins. To identify the potential damage caused by a magnetic suture puller on the suture, we created three groups with six segments of 4-0 polypropylene sutures each: a control group with no intervention on the polypropylene suture, a group in which the polypropylene suture is manually pulled with sterile gloves 20x, and a magnetic puller group in which the magnetic puller pulled the polypropylene suture 20x. These groups were tested by light microscopy and breaking strength tests, and the effect of reconstruction was assessed. In the light microscopy test, the control group was less likely to be damaged (p &#60; 0.05) and the number of damaged points of the manual group and magnetic puller group were similar (p &#62; 0.05). The results of the breaking strength test were compared across groups and no significant difference was observed (p &#62; 0.05). The end-to-end anastomosis of the porcine iliac veins was successfully performed using this training system, and the reconstructed veins could undergo 2.0 kPa perfusion pressure. Using this training and testing system the trainee can practice manual vascular reconstruction in vitro individually with the aid of magnetic tractors and a magnetic suture puller, and the quality of the reconstruction can be tested.

Here we present a training and testing system where a trainee can complete manual vascular reconstruction in vitro individually using a magnetic anchoring technique. The system can also be used to test the quality of reconstruction.

在体外进行血管重建的训练和测试系统

Manual vascular reconstruction training is essential for a beginner surgeon. However, an optimal training system for vascular reconstruction in vitro has ...