这项工作是支持的，部分由一个津贴从美国国立卫生研究院（RO1 HL098228）到CKB。

注:所有动物的程序批准了全国儿童医院实验动物管理和使用委员会。 1，嫁接制造<ol><li>通过在通风橱中加入100毫克P（LA / CL）在2毫升二氧杂环己烷使ε-己内酯和L-丙交酯共聚物P（LA / CL）的溶液。将解决方案在涡不断为1-1.5小时至完全溶解混匀。 </li><li>在此期间，除去聚乙醇酸片材（PGA），从冷冻库毡和切出几个5毫米x 8毫米的部分。也切断0.1-10微升移液器只是过滤器上方的一角。 </li><li>插入19号针头（1.5长度）成吸管尖的前端和包裹在PGA毡针周围采用微型镊子。 </li><li>小心地将毛毡的吸管头，其中所述管腔是比近侧部分直，用钝18号针头的前端，而19号针头插入它。 </li><li>移液器40微升P（CL / LA）的溶液成从顶部枪头。饱和PGA毡用的解决方案。然后用移液管分配器推气泡出来。 如果需要，重复此过程。 </li><li>在50毫升试管移植地点，并将其放置在-80℃下冷冻20分钟。确保针的头部朝下。 </li><li>传输管放入冻干机及真空24小时。请务必打开管盖有气流。 </li><li>取出移植物，并从针头中删除。剪下移植留下了约5 mm截面的两端，把他们放回针来保持其形状。保持在干燥器的移植。 </li><li>在生物安全罩O / N前细胞种植放置支架在紫外光下。 </li></ol> 2，骨髓单核细胞收获和隔离<ol><li>安乐死的小鼠用氯胺酮/赛拉嗪过量（氯胺酮，200 mg / kg和甲苯噻嗪，20毫克/千克）。 </li><li>除去骨（股骨的ð胫骨）从3老鼠10移植植入并将其放置在培养皿中与10毫升的RPMI。切使用注射器用25号针头进入一个新的培养皿中以3毫升的RPMI骨骼和冲洗骨髓的两端。采集骨髓和RPMI解决方案在一个15毫升管，并与另外2毫升的RPMI洗培养皿收集BM的其余部分。 </li><li>取样品（5-10微升），并使用自动细胞计数器或血球计数细胞。记录结果。 </li><li>把5毫升聚蔗糖在15毫升离心管中，加入骨髓和RPMI解决方案。添加解决方案非常平缓，以防止它与聚蔗糖混合。 </li><li>在24℃下离心528×g离心30分钟，"没有刹车" </li><li>拆下上部粉红色层。收集的中间透明层图1，这是在MNC层，并用PBS 1点01稀释。 </li><li>离心跨国公司稀溶液在528×g离心10分钟，在24°C。 </li><li>除去上清液和二琵琶用5ml PBS中沉淀。 </li><li>离心沉淀溶液在528×g离心10分钟，在24℃下</li><li>除去上清液。淡化沉淀的RPMI（约200微升）的适当的音量。 </li><li>取5-10微升样品，并使用自动细胞计数器或血球计数细胞。记录结果。重复该细胞计数一次，并计算平均细胞数。 </li><li>稀释细胞浓度为1,000,000 cells/10微升用RPMI。 </li></ol> 3。细胞种植<ol><li>预湿脚手架加入5μLRPMI肠腔5分钟，然后取出RPMI。 </li><li>从步骤2.12中添加10μl的骨髓来源的单核细胞在RPMI到支架内腔并等待10分钟，以使细胞附着在支架上。 </li><li>切割一个19号针头至1厘米长，并把针头插入支架的内腔，以保持支架的形状。将样品在一个24孔板中。&lt;/ LI&gt; <li>新增1,000微升RPMI到每口井和孵化O / N中的孵化器。 </li></ol> 4，移植物植入<ol><li>高压灭菌所有的外科手术工具手术前:1倍罚款剪刀，3微型镊子，微型2倍血管钳，1x夹紧应用镊子，1个微型针器，1个弹簧剪刀，1卷收器。 </li><li> 6-8周龄雌性C57BL / 6被用作组织工程血管移植受者。从笼中取出小鼠并称重，然后通过腹膜内注射麻醉与氯胺酮/赛拉嗪混合物（氯胺酮，100 mg / kg和甲苯噻嗪，10毫克/千克）腹部的右下象限。酮洛芬（5毫克/公斤，腹腔注射）被用作预麻醉止痛剂。 </li><li>通过故事捏检查镇静水平，然后夹腹毛。润滑眼睛用无菌眼药膏，然后将鼠标在垫背部靠着位置。消毒腹部与优碘和酒精垫。合作VER鼠标用无菌的悬垂性和唯一暴露在切口区域。 </li><li>使从剑突到耻骨上区域下方的中线剖腹手术切口，并插入一个自保持牵开器。在包裹蘸生理盐水纱布的肠子。说白了定义下腹主动脉和腔静脉。 </li><li>放置在近端与主动脉和腔静脉的远端侧上的两个微血管钳然后直截了当地从腔静脉断面腔静脉分离主动脉。如果有必要，结扎腹主动脉分支与上锥形针10-0单丝缝线。 </li><li>植入的下腔静脉插入移植物的近端和远端用无菌10-0缝合结束吻合。修剪嫁接，一般1-2毫米，依赖于鼠标的解剖结构。固定移植物与一个线圈在两个近端和远端，并开始与来自移植物的另一侧4-5拆线连续缝合。整理正面后，翻转夹具和移植到另一侧，并缝合移植物的背面。在植入，冲洗移植物与肝素溶液频繁，以防止急性血栓形成。 </li><li>取出近端钳和通过应用外用无菌可吸收止血剂控制出血。当出血完全停止后，取出远端夹具和控制出血的方法相同。通过嫁接确保血液流量。 </li><li>使用6-0黑色尼龙单丝缝合线与包括螺纹针关闭腹部肌肉和皮肤的两层。 </li><li>注射0.5毫升皮下注射生理盐水，然后将鼠标在一个变暖垫恢复笼，直到鼠标是完全移动。恢复后，返回鼠标到一个新的笼子纸床上用品。给予止痛药（布洛芬，30毫克/千克，生活饮用水）48小时。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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作者什么都没有透露。

TEVG的小鼠模型是研究细胞和分子neotissue形成和狭窄的发展机制的重要工具。引晶的BM-MNC中所示的移植物11的种子细胞的两个组织学和SEM图像。细胞接种效率是利用DNA测定7还示出。利用该模型系统中，我们发现，细胞接种降低TEVG狭窄，这是失败的主模式在我们的人体临床试验3的发展的发生率。将接种的细胞迅速从TEVG消失，这表明它们通过旁分泌机制8,12发挥它们?...

先天性心脏缺陷是影响近8％的活产婴儿在美国的严重情况。约25％的婴儿患有先天性心脏缺陷或2.4每1000活产的，需要侵入性治疗在他们的生活1的第一年。最有效的治疗先天性心脏疾病是重建手术。不幸的是，从使用目前可用的血管导管引起的并发症是术后发病率和死亡率的最显著的原因。 为了解决这个问题，我们开发了第一个组织工程血管移植（TEVGs）的临床应用2。 TEVGs从播种与自体骨髓单个核细胞（BM-跨国公司），并作为植入静脉导管先天性心脏手术的可生物降解聚酯管构成。结果表明，优秀的通畅率在1-3年的随访，但狭窄的发生率显著<s高达&gt; 3,4。很明显，是需要更好地了解血管neotissue形成及相关TEVG狭窄的发展机制。为了更好地了解TEVGs的发展和狭窄发展的机制，一个绵羊模型建立5,6。在这个模型中，TEVGs成功转型为生活器皿并分别在这两个形态和原生矿脉的功能类似。这种使用了大量的动物模型是在提供辅助TEVGs的临床应用重要的临床前信息的一个很好的第一步。然而，血管neotissue形成用大动物模型TEVGs的细胞和分子机制的充分了解是由于由于缺乏物种特异的分子工具的血管细胞表型的分子特征局限性的限制。为了克服这些缺点，TEVGs小鼠模型是由原因的迅速发展在小鼠遗传学和其广泛的molecula的研制Ř表征具有缩短的时间刻度的额外优势。 鼠下腔静脉插入模型忠实扼要重述，发生在大动物和人类的新血管形成的过程，但在短得多的时间过程6-9。这里，对于使用可生物降解的支架小型接枝制造一个详细的协议中，BM-MNC收获并进行隔离，脚手架BM-MNC播种，并在小鼠模型中移植物植入进行了描述。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:616px;" width="615">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt</td>
			<td>Biomedical Structures</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custome ordered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:176px;">&#603;-caprolactone and L- 
			lactide copolymer P(LA/CL)&#160;</td>
			<td>Gunze Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custome ordered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pipet tip, 0.1-10 &#956;l&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Sientific</td>
			<td>02-707-456</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lyophilizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Labconco</td>
			<td>7070020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RPMI medium 1604</td>
			<td>gibco</td>
			<td>11875-093</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Petri dish</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:176px;">24 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3526</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">15cc tube&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>352096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Ficoll</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>10831-100ml</td>
			<td>Also called &#39;Histopaque&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">DPBS</td>
			<td>gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">Littauer Bone Cutter 4.5&#34; Straight</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-8480</td>
			<td>For BM harvesting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;width:176px;">Forceps 4.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-8120</td>
			<td>For BM harvesting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Scissors 4.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5912</td>
			<td>For BM harvesting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:176px;">Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">M80</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:176px;">C57BL/6J (H-2b), Female</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Jackson Laboratories&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">8-12 weeks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Hospira Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 0409-2053</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Xylazine Sterile Solution</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Akorn Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NADA# 139-236</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:176px;">ketoprofen</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fort Dodge Animal Health</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 0856-4396-01</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:176px;">Ibuprofen</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">PrecisionDose</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 68094-494-59</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:176px;">Heparin Sodium</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sagent Pharmaceticals</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 25021-400</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">Saline solution (Sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride)</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">30G 1 in., Needle</td>
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implantation of inferior vena cava interposition graft in mouse model

接种骨髓单个核细胞（骨髓细胞）生物可降解支架通常用于重建手术治疗先天性心脏畸形。长期的临床结果显示出优异的通畅率，但是，与狭窄的显著发病率。为了探讨血管neotissue形成的细胞和分子机制，防止狭窄发展组织工程血管移植（TEVGs），我们制定了移植物的小鼠模型大约1毫米的直径。首先，TEVGs被从聚乙醇酸无纺布制成可生物降解的管状支架组装毡网眼涂有ε-己内酯和L-丙交酯共聚物。的支架，然后放置于冷冻干燥机，抽真空24小时，并在干燥器中储存直到细胞接种。第二，骨髓是从供体小鼠中收集和单核细胞中分离出密度梯度离心。第三，约百万细胞接种于支架培养的O / N。最后，将种子支架，然后注入在C57BL / 6小鼠肾下腔静脉移植物插入。植入移植物表现出良好的通畅性（&gt; 90％），无血栓栓塞并发症或动脉瘤形成的证据。这种小鼠模型将有助于我们理解和量化neotissue形成的TEVG的细胞和分子机制。

的TEVG植入的示意图示于图1。骨髓被从供体小鼠收获并用密度离心的单核细胞中分离出，然后接种到生物可降解的支架。该种子支架培养的O / N和植入到受体小鼠为下腔静脉介入移植。 图2示出了PGA-P（CL / LA）支架材料的扫描电子显微镜。内部直径约为1毫米的壁厚为约0.17毫米。总孔隙度为78.5％，平均孔径分别为45.4±17.6微米。 插?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model at JoVE.com

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

为了提高我们的细胞和分子neotissue形成的知识，最近被开发的TEVG小鼠模型。移植物植入在C57BL / 6小鼠肾下腔静脉移植物插入。该模型能达到类似的结果那些在我们的临床调查来实现，但在一个远缩短时间过程。

下腔静脉间置移植物在小鼠模型中植入

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

implantation-of-inferior-vena-cava-interposition-graft-in-mouse-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.8K 次观看.  Nationwide Children's Hospital. 为了提高我们的细胞和分子neotissue形成的知识，最近被开发的TEVG小鼠模型。移植物植入在C57BL / 6小鼠肾下腔静脉移植物插入。该模型能达到类似的结果那些在我们的临床调查来实现，但在一个远缩短时间过程。 

视频: Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

电解下腔静脉静脉血栓形成的模型（EIM）

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

科研

医学

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

鼠标完成血瘀模型的下腔静脉血栓

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation

Wound healing is a complicated, multistep process involving many cell types, growth factors and compounds1-3. Because of this complexity, wound healing studies are most comprehensive when carried out in vivo. There are many in vivo models available to study acute wound healing, including incisional, excisional, dead space, and burns. Dead space models are artificial, porous implants which are used to study tissue formation and the effects of substances on the wound. Some of the commonly used dead space models include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges, steel wire mesh cylinders, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) material, and the Cellstick1,2.
Each dead space model has its own limitations based on its material's composition and implantation methods. The steel wire mesh cylinder model has a lag phase of infiltration after implantation and requires a long amount of time before granulation tissue formation begins1. Later stages of wound healing are best analyzed using the ePTFE model1,4. The Cellstick is a cellulose sponge inside a silicon tube model which is typically used for studying human surgery wounds and wound fluid2. The PVA sponge is limited to acute studies because with time it begins to provoke a foreign body response which causes a giant cell reaction in the animal5. Unlike other materials, PVA sponges are easy to insert and remove, made of inert and non-biodegradable materials and yet are soft enough to be sectioned for histological analysis2,5.
In wound healing the PVA sponge is very useful for analyzing granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, wound fluid composition, and the effects of substances on the healing process1,2,5. In addition to its use in studying a wide array of attributes of wound healing, the PVA sponge has also been used in many other types of studies. It has been utilized to investigate tumor angiogenesis, drug delivery and stem cell survival and engraftment1,2,6,7. With its great alterability, prior extensive use, and reproducible results, the PVA sponge is an ideal model for many studies1,2.
Here, we will describe the preparation, implantation and retrieval of PVA sponge disks (Figure 1) in a mouse model of wound healing.

A useful tool to analyze the effects of drugs, growth factors, and/or manipulated cells in an animal model of wound repair is described. This technique utilizes the properties of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge to deliver and contain the desired treatment and also provide a platform to be excised and analyzed.

聚乙烯醇海绵模型植入

Wound healing is a complicated, multistep process involving many cell types, growth factors and compounds1-3. Because of this complexity, wound healing ...

Stereotactic Intracranial Implantation and In vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Tumor Xenografts in a Mouse Model System of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain cancer with a median survival of only 14.6 months in humans despite standard tri-modality treatment consisting of surgical resection, post-operative radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy 1. New therapeutic approaches are clearly needed to improve patient survival and quality of life. The development of more effective treatment strategies would be aided by animal models of GBM that recapitulate human disease yet allow serial imaging to monitor tumor growth and treatment response. In this paper, we describe our technique for the precise stereotactic implantation of bio-imageable GBM cancer cells into the brains of nude mice resulting in tumor xenografts that recapitulate key clinical features of GBM 2. This method yields tumors that are reproducible and are located in precise anatomic locations while allowing in vivo bioluminescent imaging to serially monitor intracranial xenograft growth and response to treatments 3-5. This method is also well-tolerated by the animals with low perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Stereotactic Intracranial Implantation and In vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Tumor Xenografts in a Mouse Model System of Glioblastoma Multiforme

We describe an integrated method for the precise, stereotactic implantation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells into the brains of nude mice and subsequent serial in vivo imaging to monitor growth and response to treatment of the resultant xenografts.

立体定向颅内植入和<em在体内</em生物发光成像的肿瘤异种移植的小鼠模型系统的多形性胶质母细胞瘤

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain cancer with a median survival of only 14.6 months in humans despite standard tri-modality ...

Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in peripheral arterial bypass surgery as well as in arteriovenous fistulas.1-5 The experimental procedure of vein graft interposition in the common carotid artery by using the cuff-technique has been applied in several research projects to examine the aetiology of neointimal hyperplasia and therapeutic options to address it. 6-8 The cuff prevents vessel anastomotic remodeling and induces turbulence within the graft and thereby the development of neointimal hyperplasia.
Using the superior caval vein graft is an established small-animal model for venous arterialization experiment.9-11 This current protocol refers to an established jugular vein graft interposition technique first described by Zou et al., 9 as well as others.12-14 Nevertheless, these cited small animal protocols are complicated.
To simplify the procedure and to minimize the number of experimental animals needed, a detailed operation protocol by video training is presented. This video should help the novice surgeon to learn both the cuff-technique and the vein graft interposition. Hereby, the right external jugular vein was grafted in cuff-technique in the common carotid artery of 21 female Sprague Dawley rats categorized in three equal groups that were sacrificed on day 21, 42 and 84, respectively. Notably, no donor animals were needed, because auto-transplantations were performed. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice. In addition, the graft patency rate was 60 % for the first 10 operated animals and 82 % for the remaining 11 animals. The blood flow at the time of sacrifice was 8&plusmn;3 ml/min. In conclusion, this surgical protocol considerably simplifies, optimizes and standardizes this complicated procedure. It gives novice surgeons easy, step-by-step instruction, explaining possible pitfalls, thereby helping them to gain expertise fast and avoid useless sacrifice of experimental animals.

Neointimal hyperplasia is the primary cause of stenosis in arterialized veins. We propose a new protocol whereby the right external jugular vein is grafted using the cuff technique in the common carotid artery of Sprague Dawley rats. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice.

培养一个精密的显微外科技术在大鼠颈总动脉，颈外静脉移植:介入

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in ...

Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis

Graft arteriosclerois (GA), also called allograft vasculopathy, is a pathologic lesion that develops over months to years in transplanted organs characterized by diffuse, circumferential stenosis of the entire graft vascular tree. The most critical component of GA pathogenesis is the proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells within the intima. When a human coronary artery segment is interposed into the infra-renal aortae of immunodeficient mice, the intimas could be expand in response to adoptively transferred human T cells allogeneic to the artery donor or exogenous human IFN-&gamma; in the absence of human T cells. Interposition of a mouse aorta from one strain into another mouse strain recipient is limited as a model for chronic rejection in humans because the acute cell-mediated rejection response in this mouse model completely eliminates all donor-derived vascular cells from the graft within two-three weeks. We have recently developed two new mouse models to circumvent these problems. The first model involves interposition of a vessel segment from a male mouse into a female recipient of the same inbred strain (C57BL/6J). Graft rejection in this case is directed only against minor histocompatibility antigens encoded by the Y chromosome (present in the male but not the female) and the rejection response that ensues is sufficiently indolent to preserve donor-derived smooth muscle cells for several weeks. The second model involves interposing an artery segment from a wild type C57BL/6J mouse donor into a host mouse of the same strain and gender that lacks the receptor for IFN-&gamma; followed by administration of mouse IFN-&gamma; (delivered via infection of the mouse liver with an adenoviral vector. There is no rejection in this case as both donor and recipient mice are of the same strain and gender but donor smooth muscle cells proliferate in response to the cytokine while host-derived cells, lacking receptor for this cytokine, are unresponsive. By backcrossing additional genetic changes into the vessel donor, both models can be used to assess the effect of specific genes on GA progression. Here, we describe detailed protocols for our mouse GA models.

We describe protocols for our mouse graft arteriosclerois (GA) models which involve interposition of a mouse vessel segment into a recipient of the same inbred strain. By backcrossing additional genetic changes into the vessel donor, the model can assess the effect of specific genes on GA.

嫁接动脉硬化的小鼠模型

Graft arteriosclerois (GA),  also called allograft vasculopathy, is a pathologic lesion that develops over  months to years in transplanted organs ...

Vein Interposition Model: A Suitable Model to Study Bypass Graft Patency

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. Research models for bypass graft failure are essential for a better understanding of pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during graft patency loss. Large animal models, such as pigs or sheep, resemble human anatomical structures but require special facilities and equipment. This video describes a rat vein interposition model to investigate vein graft patency loss. Rats are inexpensive and easy to handle. Compared to mouse models, the convenient size of rats permits better operability and enables a sufficient amount of material to be obtained for further diverse analysis. In brief, the inferior epigastric vein of a donor rat is harvested and used to replace a segment of the femoral artery. Anastomosis is conducted via single stitches and sealed with fibrin glue. Graft patency can be monitored non-invasively using duplex sonography. Myointimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause for graft patency loss, develops progressively over time and can be calculated from histological cross sections.

This video demonstrates a model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia after venous interposition surgery in rats.

静脉介入型号:研究旁路移植通畅一个合适的模型

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

血管补片在大鼠主动脉和下腔静脉

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

应用新型磁吻合技术 Suprahepatic 腔静脉重建大鼠原位肝移植模型的研究

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...