Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto, in parte, da una sovvenzione del NIH (RO1 HL098228) per CKB.

NOTA: Tutte le procedure sugli animali sono state approvate dalla Hospital Institutional Animal Care ed uso Comitato dei Bambini di Nationwide. 1. Graft Manufacturing <ol><li> Rendere la soluzione ε-caprolattone e L-lattide copolimero P (LA / CL) aggiungendo 100mg P (LA / CL) in 2 ml di diossano sotto una cappa aspirante. Mettere la soluzione in un vortice e mescolare continuamente per 1-1,5 ore per sciogliere completamente. </li><li> Nel frattempo, rimuovere un foglio di acido poliglicolico (PGA) feltro dal congelatore e tagliare diverse sezioni 5 x 8 mm. Anche tagliare la punta di una pipetta microlitri 0,1-10 appena sopra il filtro. </li><li> Inserire un ago G 19 (1,5 di lunghezza) nella estremità distale di un puntale e avvolgere il PGA sentire in tutto il ago utilizzando micro pinze. </li><li> Attentamente spingere il feltro all&#39;estremità distale della punta della pipetta, dove il lume è dritto di parte prossimale, utilizzando un ottuso ago 18 G, mentre il ago G 19 è inserito in esso. </li><li> PipettaSoluzione al 40 microlitri P (CL / LA) nella punta della pipetta dall&#39;alto. Saturare il PGA feltro con la soluzione. Poi spingere le bolle d&#39;aria utilizzando un dispenser pipetta. Ripetere questo processo, se necessario. </li><li> Luogo innesti in un tubo da 50 ml e collocarlo in una -80 ° C freezer per 20 minuti. Assicurarsi che la testa degli aghi faccia verso il basso. </li><li> Trasferire la provetta in un liofilizzatore e vuoto per 24 ore. Assicurarsi di aprire il coperchio del tubo di avere il flusso d&#39;aria. </li><li> Estrarre gli innesti e rimuoverli dagli aghi. Tagliare entrambe le estremità dell&#39;innesto lasciando una sezione ~ 5 mm e riporli sugli aghi per mantenere la loro forma. Mantenere gli innesti in un essiccatore. </li><li> Posizionare il patibolo sotto la luce UV in una cappa di biosicurezza O / N prima della semina delle cellule. </li></ol> 2. Midollo osseo Mononuclear raccolta di cellule e di isolamento <ol><li> Euthanize i topi con overdose di ketamina / xylazina (ketamina, 200 mg / kg e xylazina, 20 mg / kg). </li><li> Rimuovere le ossa (femore di und tibie) da 3 topi per 10 impiantazioni innesto e posto in una capsula di Petri con 10 cc RPMI. Tagliare le due estremità delle ossa e filo midollo osseo utilizzando una siringa con un ago 25 G in una nuova piastra di Petri con 3 cc RPMI. Raccogliere midollo osseo e soluzione RPMI in una provetta da 15 cc e lavare la capsula di Petri con ulteriori RPMI 2 cc per raccogliere la restante BM. </li><li> Prendere campione (5-10 microlitri) e conta delle cellule utilizzando un contatore di cellule automatico o emocitometro. Registrare il risultato. </li><li> Mettere 5 cc Ficoll in una provetta da 15 cc centrifuga e aggiungere midollo osseo e soluzione RPMI. Aggiungere la soluzione molto delicatamente per evitare che la miscelazione con Ficoll. </li><li> Centrifugare a 528 xg per 30 minuti con &quot;NO FRENO&quot; a 24 ° C. </li><li> Rimuovere lo strato superiore di colore rosa. Raccogliere lo strato centrale chiara Figura 1, che è lo strato MNC, e diluire con PBS 1:1. </li><li> Centrifugare la soluzione diluita MNC a 528 xg per 10 min a 24 ° C. </li><li> Rimuovere il surnatante e diliuto il pellet con 5 ml di PBS. </li><li> Centrifugare pellet a 528 xg per 10 min a 24 ° C. </li><li> Rimuovere il surnatante. Diluire il pellet con il volume appropriato di RPMI (~ 200 microlitri). </li><li> Prelevare un campione microlitri 5-10 e contare le cellule utilizzando un contatore di cellule automatico o emocitometro. Registrare il risultato. Ripetere la cella contando ancora una volta e calcolare il numero medio di cellule. </li><li> Diluire la concentrazione cellulare a 1.000.000 cells/10 microlitri utilizzando RPMI. </li></ol> 3. Semina cellulare <ol><li> Scaffold Prewet con l&#39;aggiunta di 5 ml RPMI luminally per 5 minuti, quindi rimuovere RPMI. </li><li> Aggiungere 10 ml di midollo osseo derivate mono cellule nucleari in RPMI dal punto 2.12 al lume ponteggio e attendere 10 minuti per consentire alle cellule di attaccare sul patibolo. </li><li> Tagliare un ago 19 G per 1 cm di lunghezza e mettere l&#39;ago nel lume del ponteggio per mantenere la forma del ponteggio. Trasferire il campione in una piastra da 24 pozzetti. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Aggiungere 1,000 ml RPMI a ciascun pozzetto e incubare O / N in un incubatore. </li></ol> 4. Graft impianto <ol><li> Sterilizzare in autoclave tutti gli strumenti chirurgici prima della chirurgia: 1x forbici sottili, 3x micro pinze, pinze vascolari micro 2x, 1x morsetto pinze applicano, porta-aghi micro 1x, forbici primavera 1x, 1x divaricatore. </li><li> 6-8 settimane vecchia femmina C57BL / 6 sono usati come ingegneria tessutale destinatari innesto vascolare. Rimuovere il mouse dalla gabbia e si pesa, poi anestetizzare attraverso un&#39;iniezione intraperitoneale nel quadrante inferiore destro dell&#39;addome con un cocktail di ketamina / xilazina (ketamina, 100 mg / kg e xilazina, 10 mg / kg). Ketoprofene (5 mg / kg, IP) è usato come un analgesico pre-anestesia. </li><li> Controllare il livello di sedazione da pizzicare racconto, poi ritagliare i capelli addominale. Lubrificare gli occhi con pomata oftalmica sterile, e posizionare il mouse in una posizione prona dorsale su un taccuino. Disinfettare l&#39;addome con Betadine e alcool pastiglie. Cover il mouse con un telino sterile ed esporre solo la zona di incisione. </li><li> Effettuare una laparotomia mediana incisione da sotto la xifoidea alla regione sovrapubica, e inserire un divaricatore di auto-conservazione. Avvolgere l&#39;intestino in soluzione salina inumidito garza. Senza mezzi termini definire l&#39;aorta sottorenale e la vena cava. </li><li> Inserire due micro pinze vascolari su entrambi i lati prossimale e distale della aorta e vena cava poi senza mezzi termini separare l&#39;aorta dalla vena cava Transect la vena cava. Se necessario, legare i rami dell&#39;aorta addominale con un 10-0 monofilamento sugli aghi conici. </li><li> Impiantare una vena cava inferiore interposizione di innesto con l&#39;estremità prossimale e distale di anastomosi terminare con una sterile 10-0 sutura. Tagliare il trapianto, di solito 1-2 mm, a seconda dell&#39;anatomia del mouse. Fissare l&#39;innesto con un punto su entrambi estremità prossimale e distale e inizia a suturare continuamente con 4-5 stiches dall&#39;altro lato dell&#39;innesto. Dopo aver terminato la parte anteriore, capovolgere i morsetti e innestiverso l&#39;altro lato e suturare il lato posteriore dell&#39;innesto. Durante l&#39;impianto, lavare l&#39;innesto con la soluzione di eparina frequentemente per evitare la trombosi acuta. </li><li> Rimuovere il morsetto prossimale e controllare l&#39;emorragia applicando una topica agente emostatico sterile riassorbibile. Quando l&#39;emorragia si arresta completamente, rimuovere il morsetto distale e controllare l&#39;emorragia allo stesso modo. Assicurarsi che il sangue scorre attraverso l&#39;innesto. </li><li> Chiudere la muscolatura addominale e la pelle in due strati con un 6-0 nera in poliammide monofilamento di sutura con ago filettato incluso. </li><li> Iniettare 0,5 ml di soluzione fisiologica per via sottocutanea e posizionare il mouse in una gabbia di recupero su un rilievo di riscaldamento fino a quando il mouse è completamente mobile. Al momento del recupero, ritorno il mouse in una nuova gabbia con biancheria da letto di carta. Dare farmaci antidolorifici (ibuprofene, 30 mg / kg, acqua potabile) per 48 ore. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Heart Association, A. m. e. r. i. c. a. n. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+Disease+and+Stroke+Statistics&#8212;2012+Update.">Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics&#8212;2012 Update.</a> Circulation. 125, (2012).</li><li>Shinoka, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creation+Of+Viable+Pulmonary+Artery+Autografts+Through+Tissue+Engineering.">Creation Of Viable Pulmonary Artery Autografts Through Tissue Engineering.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 115, 536-546 (1998).</li><li>Hibino, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Late-term+results+of+tissue-engineered+vascular+grafts+in+humans.">Late-term results of tissue-engineered vascular grafts in humans.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 139, 431-436 (2010).</li><li>Shin'oka, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Midterm+clinical+result+of+tissue-engineered+vascular+autografts+seeded+with+autologous+bone+marrow+cells.">Midterm clinical result of tissue-engineered vascular autografts seeded with autologous bone marrow cells.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 129, 1330-1338 (2005).</li><li>Brennan, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+vascular+grafts+demonstrate+evidence+of+growth+and+development+when+implanted+in+a+juvenile+animal+model.">Tissue-engineered vascular grafts demonstrate evidence of growth and development when implanted in a juvenile animal model.</a> Ann Surg. 248, 370-377 (2008).</li><li>Roh, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+an+autologous+tissue-engineered+venous+conduit+from+bone+marrow-derived+vascular+cells:+optimization+of+cell+harvest+and+seeding+techniques.">Construction of an autologous tissue-engineered venous conduit from bone marrow-derived vascular cells: optimization of cell harvest and seeding techniques.</a> Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 42, 198-202 (2007).</li><li>Hibino, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+vascular+grafts+form+neovessels+that+arise+from+regeneration+of+the+adjacent+blood+vessel.">Tissue-engineered vascular grafts form neovessels that arise from regeneration of the adjacent blood vessel.</a> The FASEB Journal. 25, 2731-2739 (2011).</li><li>Hibino, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+critical+role+for+macrophages+in+neovessel+formation+and+the+development+of+stenosis+in+tissue-engineered+vascular+grafts.">A critical role for macrophages in neovessel formation and the development of stenosis in tissue-engineered vascular grafts.</a> The FASEB Journal. 25, 4253-4263 (2011).</li><li>Naito, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+the+Natural+History+of+Extracellular+Matrix+Production+in+Tissue-Engineered+Vascular+Grafts+during+Neovessel+Formation.">Characterization of the Natural History of Extracellular Matrix Production in Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts during Neovessel Formation.</a> Cells Tissues Organs. 195, 60-72 (2012).</li><li>Naito, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beyond+Burst+Pressure:+Initial+Evaluation+of+the+Natural+History+of+the+Biaxial+Mechanical+Properties+of+Tissue+Engineered+Vascular+Grafts+in+the+Venous+Circulation+Using+a+Murine+Model.">Beyond Burst Pressure: Initial Evaluation of the Natural History of the Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts in the Venous Circulation Using a Murine Model.</a> Tissue Eng. Part A. 20, (2013).</li><li>Mirensky, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+vascular+grafts:+does+cell+seeding+matter.">Tissue-engineered vascular grafts: does cell seeding matter.</a> Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 45, 1299-1305 (2010).</li><li>Roh, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+vascular+grafts+transform+into+mature+blood+vessels+via+an+inflammation-mediated+process+of+vascular+remodeling.">Tissue-engineered vascular grafts transform into mature blood vessels via an inflammation-mediated process of vascular remodeling.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107, 4669-4674 (2010).</li><li>Mirensky, T. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-engineered+arterial+grafts:+long-term+results+after+implantation+in+a+small+animal+model.">Tissue-engineered arterial grafts: long-term results after implantation in a small animal model.</a> Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 44, 1127-1133 (2009).</li><li>Lee, Y. U., Naito, Y., Kurobe, H., Breuer, C. K., Humphrey, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biaxial+mechanical+properties+of+the+inferior+vena+cava+in+C57BL/6+and+CB-17+SCID/bg+mice.">Biaxial mechanical properties of the inferior vena cava in C57BL/6 and CB-17 SCID/bg mice.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 46, 2277-2282 (2013).</li></ol>

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Il modello murino di TEVG è uno strumento prezioso per studiare i meccanismi cellulari e molecolari della formazione neotissue e lo sviluppo di stenosi. La testa di serie BM-MNC stato mostrato in entrambe le immagini istologiche e SEM delle cellule inseminate sulla marza 11. Efficienza semina delle cellule è stata anche dimostrata utilizzando un test DNA 7. Usando questo sistema modello abbiamo dimostrato che semina delle cellule riduce l&#39;incidenza dello sviluppo di TEVG stenosi, che era la p...

Difetti cardiaci congeniti sono condizioni gravi che colpiscono circa l&#39;8% dei nati vivi negli Stati Uniti. Circa il 25% di questi neonati con difetti cardiaci congeniti o 2,4 per 1.000 nati vivi, richiedono un trattamento invasivo nel primo anno della loro vita 1. Il trattamento più efficace per la malattia cardiaca congenita è la chirurgia ricostruttiva. Purtroppo, complicazioni derivanti dall&#39;uso di condotti vascolari attualmente disponibili sono la causa più importante di morbilità e mortalità postoperatoria. Per risolvere questo problema, abbiamo sviluppato i primi di ingegneria tessutale innesti vascolari (TEVGs) per uso clinico 2. TEVGs sono stati costruiti con tubi in poliestere biodegradabile seminati con autologo di midollo osseo cellule derivate-mononucleari (BM-MNC) e impiantati come condotti venosi per la chirurgia cardiaca congenita. I risultati hanno mostrato ottimi tassi di pervietà a 1-3 anni di follow-up, ma con una significativa incidenza di stenosi <sup&gt; 3,4. Era chiaro che era necessaria una migliore comprensione della formazione neotissue vascolare e il meccanismo alla base dello sviluppo di TEVG stenosi. Per comprendere meglio lo sviluppo di TEVGs e il meccanismo di sviluppo stenosi, un modello ovino emo 5,6. In questo modello, i TEVGs trasformata con successo in navi viventi e erano simili in entrambi morfologia e la funzione delle vene native. Questo uso di un grande modello animale era un buon primo passo per fornire importanti informazioni pre-clinico che ha aiutato l&#39;uso clinico di TEVGs. Tuttavia, la piena comprensione dei meccanismi cellulari e molecolari della formazione neotissue vascolare in TEVGs utilizzando modelli animali di grandi dimensioni è limitata a causa di limitazioni nella caratterizzazione molecolare dei fenotipi di cellule vascolari a causa della mancanza di strumenti di specie molecolari specifici. Per superare queste carenze, un modello murino di TEVGs è stato sviluppato a causa del rapido progresso nel campo della genetica mouse e la loro vasta moleculaCaratterizzazione r con il vantaggio aggiunto di una scala temporale ridotta. Il murino IVC modello interposizione fedelmente ricapitolato il processo di neovessel di formazione che si verifica in grandi animali e nell&#39;uomo, ma nel corso di un corso di tempo molto più breve 6-9. Qui, un protocollo dettagliato per la produzione innesto su piccola scala utilizzando scaffold biodegradabili, BM-MNC raccolta e l&#39;isolamento, BM-MNC semina sull&#39;impalcatura, e l&#39;impianto innesto in un modello murino sono stati descritti.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:616px;" width="615">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt</td>
			<td>Biomedical Structures</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custome ordered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:176px;">&#603;-caprolactone and L- 
			lactide copolymer P(LA/CL)&#160;</td>
			<td>Gunze Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Custome ordered</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pipet tip, 0.1-10 &#956;l&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Sientific</td>
			<td>02-707-456</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lyophilizer&#160;</td>
			<td>Labconco</td>
			<td>7070020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RPMI medium 1604</td>
			<td>gibco</td>
			<td>11875-093</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Petri dish</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="34">
			<td height="34" style="height:34px;width:176px;">24 well plate</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3526</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">15cc tube&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>352096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Ficoll</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>10831-100ml</td>
			<td>Also called &#39;Histopaque&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">DPBS</td>
			<td>gibco</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">Littauer Bone Cutter 4.5&#34; Straight</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-8480</td>
			<td>For BM harvesting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="27">
			<td height="27" style="height:27px;width:176px;">Forceps 4.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-8120</td>
			<td>For BM harvesting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Scissors 4.5&#34;</td>
			<td>Roboz</td>
			<td>RS-5912</td>
			<td>For BM harvesting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:176px;">Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">M80</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:176px;">C57BL/6J (H-2b), Female</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Jackson Laboratories&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">664</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">8-12 weeks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Hospira Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 0409-2053</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Xylazine Sterile Solution</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Akorn Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NADA# 139-236</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:176px;">ketoprofen</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Fort Dodge Animal Health</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 0856-4396-01</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="36">
			<td height="36" style="height:36px;width:176px;">Ibuprofen</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">PrecisionDose</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 68094-494-59</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:176px;">Heparin Sodium</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Sagent Pharmaceticals</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 25021-400</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">Saline solution (Sterile 0.9% Sodium Chloride)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Hospira Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 0409-0138-22</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:176px;">0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Hospira Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 0409-4888-10</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:176px;">Petrolatum Ophthalmic Ointment</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Dechra Veterinary Products</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 17033-211-38</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Iodine Prep Pads</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Triad Disposables, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 50730-3201-1</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Alcohol Prep Pads</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">McKesson Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">NDC 68599-5805-1</td>
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			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Cotton tipped applicators</td>
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			<td style="width:133px;">23-400-118</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:176px;">Fine Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">14028-10</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Micro-Adson Forcep</td>
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			<td style="width:133px;">11018-12</td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:176px;">Clamp Applying Forcep</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:176px;">S&#38;T Vascular Clamp</td>
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			<td style="width:133px;">00396-01</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:176px;">Spring Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">15008-08</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Colibri Retractors</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">17000-04</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Dumont #5 Forcep</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">11251-20&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Dumont #7 - Fine Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">11274-20</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Dumont #5/45 Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">11251-35</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Tish Needle Holder/Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Micrins</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">MI1540</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="38">
			<td height="38" style="height:38px;width:176px;">Black Polyamide Monofilament Suture, 10-0</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AROSurgical Instruments Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">TI638402</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">For sutureing the graft</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="37">
			<td height="37" style="height:37px;width:176px;">Black Polyamide Monofilament Suture, 6-0</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">AROSurgical Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">SN-1956</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">For musculature and skin closure</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Non-Woven Songes</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">McKesson Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">94442000</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Absorbable hemostat</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">1961</td>
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		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:176px;">1 ml Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">309659</td>
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		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:176px;">3 ml Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">309657</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:176px;">10 ml Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">309604</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">18G 1 1/2 in, Needle</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">305190</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">25G 1 in., Needle</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">305125</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">30G 1 in., Needle</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">305106</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Warm Water Recircultor</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gaymar</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">TP-700</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:176px;">Warming Pad</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Gaymar</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">TP-22G</td>
			<td style="width:168px;"></td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:176px;">Trimmer</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Wahl</td>
			<td style="width:133px;">9854-500</td>
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implantation of inferior vena cava interposition graft in mouse model

Scaffold biodegradabili seminati con cellule mononucleari del midollo osseo (BMC) sono spesso utilizzati per la chirurgia ricostruttiva per il trattamento di anomalie cardiache congenite. I risultati clinici a lungo termine hanno mostrato ottimi tassi di pervietà, tuttavia, con una significativa incidenza di stenosi. Per studiare i meccanismi cellulari e molecolari della formazione neotissue vascolare e prevenire lo sviluppo di stenosi in ingegneria tessutale innesti vascolari (TEVGs), abbiamo sviluppato un modello murino dell&#39;innesto con circa 1 mm di diametro interno. In primo luogo, le TEVGs stati assemblati da impalcature tubolari biodegradabili fabbricate da un tessuto non tessuto di acido poliglicolico feltro maglia rivestito con ε-caprolattone e L-lattide copolimero. I ponteggi sono stati poi collocati in un liofilizzatore, aspirati per 24 ore, e conservati in un essiccatore fino semina delle cellule. In secondo luogo, midollo osseo è stato prelevato da topi donatori e cellule mononucleari sono stati isolati da centrifugazione in gradiente di densità. Terzo, circa un milione di cellule eranoseminate su un ponteggio e incubati O / N. Infine, i ponteggi seminati stati impiantati come infrarenali innesti vena cava interposizione di C57BL / 6 topi. Gli innesti impiantati dimostrato eccellente pervietà (&gt; 90%), senza evidenza di complicanze tromboemboliche o di formazione aneurismatica. Questo modello murino ci aiuterà a comprendere e quantificare i meccanismi cellulari e molecolari della formazione neotissue nel TEVG.

Uno schema di TEVG impianto è mostrato in Figura 1. Midollo osseo è stato raccolto da un topo donatore e mono cellule nucleari sono stati isolati mediante centrifugazione densità e quindi seminate su uno scaffold biodegradabile. Gli scaffold seminati sono stati incubati O / N e impiantati a un mouse destinatario come la vena cava inferiore interposizione innesto. La Figura 2 illustra la microscopia elettronica a scansione del ponteggio PGA-P (CL / LA). Il...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model at JoVE.com

Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Per migliorare la nostra conoscenza della formazione neotissue cellulare e molecolare, un modello murino della TEVG è stata sviluppata di recente. Gli innesti sono stati impiantati come infrarenali innesti vena cava interposizione di C57BL / 6 topi. Questo modello raggiunge risultati simili a quelli ottenuti nella nostra ricerca clinica, ma nel corso di un time-course di gran lunga ridotto.

L&#39;impianto di Vena cava inferiore Interposizione Graft in modello murino

Biodegradable scaffolds seeded with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMCs) are often used for reconstructive surgery to treat congenital cardiac anomalies. ...

implantation-of-inferior-vena-cava-interposition-graft-in-mouse-model

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.8K Views.  Nationwide Children's Hospital.  Per migliorare la nostra conoscenza della formazione neotissue cellulare e molecolare, un modello murino della TEVG è stata sviluppata di recente. Gli innesti sono stati impiantati come infrarenali innesti vena cava interposizione di C57BL / 6 topi. Questo modello raggiunge risultati simili a quelli ottenuti nella nostra ricerca clinica, ma nel corso di un time-course di gran lunga ridotto. 

Video: Implantation of Inferior Vena Cava Interposition Graft in Mouse Model

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

Elettrolitico vena cava inferiore Model (EIM) della Trombosi Venosa

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

Modello del mouse completa stasi della vena cava inferiore Trombosi

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

The Polyvinyl Alcohol Sponge Model Implantation

Wound healing is a complicated, multistep process involving many cell types, growth factors and compounds1-3. Because of this complexity, wound healing studies are most comprehensive when carried out in vivo. There are many in vivo models available to study acute wound healing, including incisional, excisional, dead space, and burns. Dead space models are artificial, porous implants which are used to study tissue formation and the effects of substances on the wound. Some of the commonly used dead space models include polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponges, steel wire mesh cylinders, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) material, and the Cellstick1,2.
Each dead space model has its own limitations based on its material's composition and implantation methods. The steel wire mesh cylinder model has a lag phase of infiltration after implantation and requires a long amount of time before granulation tissue formation begins1. Later stages of wound healing are best analyzed using the ePTFE model1,4. The Cellstick is a cellulose sponge inside a silicon tube model which is typically used for studying human surgery wounds and wound fluid2. The PVA sponge is limited to acute studies because with time it begins to provoke a foreign body response which causes a giant cell reaction in the animal5. Unlike other materials, PVA sponges are easy to insert and remove, made of inert and non-biodegradable materials and yet are soft enough to be sectioned for histological analysis2,5.
In wound healing the PVA sponge is very useful for analyzing granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, wound fluid composition, and the effects of substances on the healing process1,2,5. In addition to its use in studying a wide array of attributes of wound healing, the PVA sponge has also been used in many other types of studies. It has been utilized to investigate tumor angiogenesis, drug delivery and stem cell survival and engraftment1,2,6,7. With its great alterability, prior extensive use, and reproducible results, the PVA sponge is an ideal model for many studies1,2.
Here, we will describe the preparation, implantation and retrieval of PVA sponge disks (Figure 1) in a mouse model of wound healing.

A useful tool to analyze the effects of drugs, growth factors, and/or manipulated cells in an animal model of wound repair is described. This technique utilizes the properties of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge to deliver and contain the desired treatment and also provide a platform to be excised and analyzed.

L&#39;alcool polivinilico Sponge impianto modello

Wound healing is a complicated, multistep process involving many cell types, growth factors and compounds1-3. Because of this complexity, wound healing ...

Stereotactic Intracranial Implantation and In vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Tumor Xenografts in a Mouse Model System of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain cancer with a median survival of only 14.6 months in humans despite standard tri-modality treatment consisting of surgical resection, post-operative radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy 1. New therapeutic approaches are clearly needed to improve patient survival and quality of life. The development of more effective treatment strategies would be aided by animal models of GBM that recapitulate human disease yet allow serial imaging to monitor tumor growth and treatment response. In this paper, we describe our technique for the precise stereotactic implantation of bio-imageable GBM cancer cells into the brains of nude mice resulting in tumor xenografts that recapitulate key clinical features of GBM 2. This method yields tumors that are reproducible and are located in precise anatomic locations while allowing in vivo bioluminescent imaging to serially monitor intracranial xenograft growth and response to treatments 3-5. This method is also well-tolerated by the animals with low perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Stereotactic Intracranial Implantation and In vivo Bioluminescent Imaging of Tumor Xenografts in a Mouse Model System of Glioblastoma Multiforme

We describe an integrated method for the precise, stereotactic implantation of human glioblastoma multiforme cells into the brains of nude mice and subsequent serial in vivo imaging to monitor growth and response to treatment of the resultant xenografts.

Stereotassica impianto intracranico e<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Imaging Bioluminescent di xenotrapianti di tumori in un sistema modello del mouse di Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a high-grade primary brain cancer with a median survival of only 14.6 months in humans despite standard tri-modality ...

Training a Sophisticated Microsurgical Technique: Interposition of External Jugular Vein Graft in the Common Carotid Artery in Rats

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in peripheral arterial bypass surgery as well as in arteriovenous fistulas.1-5 The experimental procedure of vein graft interposition in the common carotid artery by using the cuff-technique has been applied in several research projects to examine the aetiology of neointimal hyperplasia and therapeutic options to address it. 6-8 The cuff prevents vessel anastomotic remodeling and induces turbulence within the graft and thereby the development of neointimal hyperplasia.
Using the superior caval vein graft is an established small-animal model for venous arterialization experiment.9-11 This current protocol refers to an established jugular vein graft interposition technique first described by Zou et al., 9 as well as others.12-14 Nevertheless, these cited small animal protocols are complicated.
To simplify the procedure and to minimize the number of experimental animals needed, a detailed operation protocol by video training is presented. This video should help the novice surgeon to learn both the cuff-technique and the vein graft interposition. Hereby, the right external jugular vein was grafted in cuff-technique in the common carotid artery of 21 female Sprague Dawley rats categorized in three equal groups that were sacrificed on day 21, 42 and 84, respectively. Notably, no donor animals were needed, because auto-transplantations were performed. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice. In addition, the graft patency rate was 60 % for the first 10 operated animals and 82 % for the remaining 11 animals. The blood flow at the time of sacrifice was 8&plusmn;3 ml/min. In conclusion, this surgical protocol considerably simplifies, optimizes and standardizes this complicated procedure. It gives novice surgeons easy, step-by-step instruction, explaining possible pitfalls, thereby helping them to gain expertise fast and avoid useless sacrifice of experimental animals.

Neointimal hyperplasia is the primary cause of stenosis in arterialized veins. We propose a new protocol whereby the right external jugular vein is grafted using the cuff technique in the common carotid artery of Sprague Dawley rats. The survival rate was 100 % at the time point of sacrifice.

La formazione di una sofisticata tecnica microchirurgica: Interposizione della vena giugulare esterna innesto nella carotide comune in Rats

Neointimal hyperplasia is one the primary causes of stenosis in arterialized veins that are of great importance in arterial coronary bypass surgery, in ...

Mouse Models for Graft Arteriosclerosis

Graft arteriosclerois (GA), also called allograft vasculopathy, is a pathologic lesion that develops over months to years in transplanted organs characterized by diffuse, circumferential stenosis of the entire graft vascular tree. The most critical component of GA pathogenesis is the proliferation of smooth muscle-like cells within the intima. When a human coronary artery segment is interposed into the infra-renal aortae of immunodeficient mice, the intimas could be expand in response to adoptively transferred human T cells allogeneic to the artery donor or exogenous human IFN-&gamma; in the absence of human T cells. Interposition of a mouse aorta from one strain into another mouse strain recipient is limited as a model for chronic rejection in humans because the acute cell-mediated rejection response in this mouse model completely eliminates all donor-derived vascular cells from the graft within two-three weeks. We have recently developed two new mouse models to circumvent these problems. The first model involves interposition of a vessel segment from a male mouse into a female recipient of the same inbred strain (C57BL/6J). Graft rejection in this case is directed only against minor histocompatibility antigens encoded by the Y chromosome (present in the male but not the female) and the rejection response that ensues is sufficiently indolent to preserve donor-derived smooth muscle cells for several weeks. The second model involves interposing an artery segment from a wild type C57BL/6J mouse donor into a host mouse of the same strain and gender that lacks the receptor for IFN-&gamma; followed by administration of mouse IFN-&gamma; (delivered via infection of the mouse liver with an adenoviral vector. There is no rejection in this case as both donor and recipient mice are of the same strain and gender but donor smooth muscle cells proliferate in response to the cytokine while host-derived cells, lacking receptor for this cytokine, are unresponsive. By backcrossing additional genetic changes into the vessel donor, both models can be used to assess the effect of specific genes on GA progression. Here, we describe detailed protocols for our mouse GA models.

We describe protocols for our mouse graft arteriosclerois (GA) models which involve interposition of a mouse vessel segment into a recipient of the same inbred strain. By backcrossing additional genetic changes into the vessel donor, the model can assess the effect of specific genes on GA.

Modelli murini per l&#39;arteriosclerosi Graft

Graft arteriosclerois (GA),  also called allograft vasculopathy, is a pathologic lesion that develops over  months to years in transplanted organs ...

Vein Interposition Model: A Suitable Model to Study Bypass Graft Patency

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. Research models for bypass graft failure are essential for a better understanding of pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during graft patency loss. Large animal models, such as pigs or sheep, resemble human anatomical structures but require special facilities and equipment. This video describes a rat vein interposition model to investigate vein graft patency loss. Rats are inexpensive and easy to handle. Compared to mouse models, the convenient size of rats permits better operability and enables a sufficient amount of material to be obtained for further diverse analysis. In brief, the inferior epigastric vein of a donor rat is harvested and used to replace a segment of the femoral artery. Anastomosis is conducted via single stitches and sealed with fibrin glue. Graft patency can be monitored non-invasively using duplex sonography. Myointimal hyperplasia, which is the main cause for graft patency loss, develops progressively over time and can be calculated from histological cross sections.

This video demonstrates a model to study the development of myointimal hyperplasia after venous interposition surgery in rats.

Vena interposizione Modello: un modello adatto per studiare Bypass Graft pervietà

Bypass grafting is an established treatment method for coronary artery disease. Graft patency continues to be the Achilles heel of saphenous vein grafts. ...

Patch Angioplasty in the Rat Aorta or Inferior Vena Cava

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, we developed a rat model of patch angioplasty that can be used in either a vein or an artery, creating a patch venoplasty or a patch arterioplasty, respectively. Technical aspects of this model are discussed. The infra-renal IVC or aorta are dissected and then clamped proximally and distally. A 3 mm venotomy or arteriotomy is performed in the infrarenal inferior vena cava or aorta of 6 to 8 week-old Wistar rats. A bovine pericardial patch (3 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.6 mm) is then used to close the site using a 10-0 nylon suture. Compared to arterial patches, venous patches show increased neointimal thickness on postoperative day 7. This novel model of pericardial patch angioplasty can be used to examine neointimal hyperplasia on vascular biomaterials, as well as to compare the differences between the arterial and venous environments.

We have established a model of pericardial patch angioplasty that can be used in either small-diameter veins or arteries. This model can be used to compare venous and arterial neointimal hyperplasia formation.

Patch Angioplastica nel ratto aorta o vena cava inferiore

Pericardial patches are commonly used in vascular surgery to close vessels. To facilitate studies of the neointimal hyperplasia that forms on the patch, ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Un modello del ratto di orthotopic del trapianto del fegato usando una tecnica novella dell'anastomosi magnetico per la ricostruzione della Vena Cava Suprahepatic

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

Misurazione di contrattilità isometrica dell'arteria mesenterica Mouse con filo Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...