Chapter 13
Carboxylic Acids
Nomenclatura IUPAC de ácidos carboxílicos
IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest ...
Propiedades físicas de los ácidos carboxílicos
Carboxylic acids with lower molecular weight exhibit a sharp and unpleasant odor. They also have higher boiling and melting points than analogous ...
Acidez de los ácidos carboxílicos
Carboxylic acids are the strongest organic acids. However, their acidic strength is much less than mineral acids like HCl. Carboxylic acids ionize in ...
Efectos sustitutivos sobre la acidez de los ácidos carboxílicos
The acidity of carboxylic acids is influenced by the nature of the substituents bounded to the functional group. The acid strength is determined by the ...
Espectroscopía IR y UV-Vis de ácidos carboxílicos
In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a ...
RMN y espectroscopia de masas de ácidos carboxílicos
In ¹H NMR spectroscopy, acidic protons (–COOH) of carboxylic acids are highly deshielded and absorb far downfield, at around 9–12 ppm. ...
Preparación de ácidos carboxílicos: descripción general
There are various methods for the preparation of carboxylic acids. For example, oxidation of primary alcohols or aldehydes using strong oxidizing agents ...
Preparación de ácidos carboxílicos: hidrólisis de nitrilos
Nitriles (R–CN) can be converted into carboxylic acids (R–COOH) upon treatment with aqueous acids, i.e., upon hydrolysis of nitriles. Under ...
Preparación de ácidos carboxílicos: carboxilación de reactivos de Grignard
Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the carboxylation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). This method is convenient for converting alkyl (primary, secondary ...
Reacciones de los ácidos carboxílicos: Introducción
Carboxylic acids possess an acidic –COOH functional group. The acidity can be attributed to the resonance stabilization of their conjugate ...
Ácidos carboxílicos a ésteres: Descripción general de la esterificación catalizada por ácido (Fischer)
The Fischer esterification reaction was developed by the German chemist Emil Fischer in 1895. It is a condensation reaction between carboxylic acids ...
Ácidos carboxílicos a ésteres: mecanismo de esterificación catalizado por ácido (Fischer)
Carboxylic acids react with alcohols to yield esters via an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction called Fischer esterification. This is a ...
Ácidos carboxílicos a ésteres metílicos: alquilación con diazometano
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the ...
Ácidos carboxílicos a cloruros ácidos
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and ...
Ácidos carboxílicos a alcoholes primarios: reducción de hidruros
Carboxylic acids, upon reaction with strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride followed by hydrolysis, undergo reduction to form primary ...
Pérdida del grupo carboxilo como CO2: descarboxilación de β-cetoácidos
Carboxylic acids, upon heating, undergo a decarboxylation reaction by releasing carbon dioxide gas. Monocarboxylic acids do not undergo decarboxylation ...
Pérdida del grupo carboxilo como CO2: descarboxilación de derivados del ácido malónico
Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate ...
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