Este trabajo fue apoyado en parte por el premio 5R01CA133229 NCI-03.

1. Las inyecciones de animales Antes de la inyección intravenosa de vena de la cola, la piel de la cola se debe limpiar con alcohol isopropílico matorrales para fines de esterilización. Los ratones se debe inyectar con 0,2 ml/20 g de un joven de 20 mg de yodo / mL del agente de contraste yodados bloodpool (Exia 160XL; Binito Biomedical, Inc. Ottawa, ON, Canadá) a través de la vena de la cola distal utilizando el espacio muerto de baja y media CC U -100 28G ½ Jeringas de Insulina (Producto # 329461, Becton Dickinson and Company, Nueva Jersey, EE.UU.). 2. Preparación de los animales Después de 10 minutos de la inyección, los animales deben estar preparados para microCT imágenes. En primer lugar, el animal debe ser anestesiado en una caja y un 2% de isoflurano en oxígeno al 100% a una tasa de 2,5 litros por minuto. Un ungüento lubricante ocular se deben aplicar para evitar la desecación de la córnea durante la anestesia. La temperatura del cuerpo debe mantenerse a 37 ° C por un almohadillas de calor. 3. MicroCT imágenes Los ratones se deben analizar en una unidad de microCT capaz de realizar análisis de animales vivos. Para minimizar artefactos de movimiento y la estabilidad, los ratones pueden ser colocados en un producto comercial multi-modalidad de la cámara (Numira Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT), con suministro de aire y de escape. Para evitar un episodio de hipotermia en los animales durante las exploraciones microCT, almohadillas de gel (corsé caliente Crioterapia, CVS Pharmacy, Woonsocket, RI), Dedo Warmer (Fábrica de calor, Vista, CA) o almohadillas Thermipaq Clay (Thermionics, Springfield, IL) puede ser utilizados. Coloque estas almohadillas térmicas debajo de la cama de espuma para mantener el ratón a 37 ° C, evitando el contacto directo con el animal. Los signos vitales de los animales, tales como la temperatura corporal, la respiración y la frecuencia cardiaca debe ser monitoreada mediante el seguimiento de pequeños animales y sistemas de apertura de puerta, como instrumentos SA (Stony Brook, NY). El protocolo de imágenes siguientes se pueden utilizar como una guía para ayudar a determinar los parámetros de análisis apropiado para todas las unidades microCT. Los animales utilizados en este experimento fueron escaneadas a una resolución de 93 m en un matraz aforado de escáner CT GE eXplore Locus (GE Healthcare, Londres, Ontario). Este escáner volumétrico utiliza un 3500 x 1750 detector CCD para Feldkamp de haz cónico de reconstrucción. Los parámetros de plataforma independiente del tiempo de corriente, voltaje y la exposición se mantiene constante a 450 mA, kVp 80 y 100 ms, respectivamente. Los parámetros estándar del tiempo de exposición, cuadros por ver y el número de puntos de vista pueden ser variadas y puede ser de 100 ms, 5-8 y 360-720, respectivamente, con tiempo total de aproximadamente 20 minutos. Las imágenes fueron reconstruidas con el software del fabricante EVSBeam propietarios. 4. Imagen de la representación Los datos microCT reconstruida puede ser utilizado para avanzados isosuperficie, unidimensional o bidimensional de transferencia de imágenes de representación la función utilizando el software de procesamiento de imágenes Seg3D (Seg3D, <a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ). 5. Resultados representante Por favor vea la figura adjunta de un ratón de tipo salvaje escaneados con eXIA160XL con los ajustes mencionados en el apartado de métodos. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Bidimensional función de transferencia (2DTF) la imagen de representación de un ratón de tipo salvaje creados con software de procesamiento de imágenes Seg3D (Seg3D, <a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ). El animal fue inyectado con eXIA160XL y 10 minutos después microCT escaneadas a 93 micras de resolución isométrica con los ajustes mencionados en el apartado de métodos. Video 1. Bidimensional función de transferencia (2DTF) la representación basada en la rotación de 360 ° película de un ratón de tipo salvaje creados con software de procesamiento de imágenes Imagevis3D (Imagevis3D, http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software). El animal fue inyectado con eXIA160XL y 10 minutos después microCT escaneadas a 93 micras de resolución isométrica con los ajustes mencionados en el apartado de métodos. <a href="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377_Suresh_Prajapati_Representative_Results.mov">Haga clic aquí para ver el video</a>

<ol>
	<li>Holdsworth, D. W., Thornton, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-CT+in+small+animal+and+specimen+imaging.">Micro-CT in small animal and specimen imaging.</a> Trends in Biotechnology. 20, 417-424 (2002).</li><li>Kindlmann, G. L., Weinstein, D. M., Jones, G. M., Johnson, C. R., Capecchi, M. R., Keller, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practical+Vessel+Imaging+by+Computed+Tomography+in+Live+Transgenic+Mouse+Models+for+Human+Tumors.">Practical Vessel Imaging by Computed Tomography in Live Transgenic Mouse Models for Human Tumors.</a> Molecular Imaging. 4, 417-424 (2005).</li></ol>

Todos los procedimientos con animales se realizaron de conformidad con las Directrices para el Cuidado y Uso de Animales de Laboratorio y fueron aprobados por el Comité Institucional y el empleo Comisión (IACUC) de la Universidad de Texas Health Science Center en San Antonio.

El objetivo principal de esta técnica de imagen con un contraste mejorado barco microCT es proporcionar un método óptimo para la generación de bases de datos de alta calidad para el análisis de las redes vasculares en ratones vivos. Para microCT imagen, mejor relación señal-ruido de los tejidos blandos se logra ya los tiempos de exploración con un mayor número de puntos de vista y el número de fotogramas por ver 2. Identificación del buque depende fundamentalmente de la...

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<td>eXIA 160XL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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contrast enhanced vessel imaging using microct

Microscópica tomografía computarizada (microCT) ofrece imágenes de alta resolución volumétrica de la anatomía de la vida de pequeños animales. Sin embargo, el contraste entre los diferentes tejidos y fluidos del cuerpo es de por sí pobres en micro-CT imágenes 1. Bajo estas circunstancias, la visualización de los vasos sanguíneos se convierte en una tarea casi imposible. Para superar esto y para mejorar la visualización de los vasos sanguíneos agentes exógenos contraste se puede utilizar. En este documento, se presenta una metodología para la visualización de la red vascular en un modelo de roedores. Mediante el uso de una acción prolongada coloidal acuosa polidispersos yodado sangre piscina de contraste, evaluación de impacto ampliada 160XL, hemos optimizado los parámetros de adquisición de imágenes y técnicas de representación de volumen para encontrar los vasos sanguíneos de los animales vivos. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que, para lograr un contraste superior entre el hueso y los tejidos blandos de la embarcación, de varios marcos (por lo menos 5.8 / frames per view) y 360-720 puntos de vista (para un total de 360 ​​°) las adquisiciones eran obligatorias. También hemos demostrado el uso de una función de transferencia de dos dimensiones (donde el color y la opacidad voxel fue asignado en proporción al valor de la TC y la magnitud del gradiente), en la visualización de la anatomía y poner de relieve la estructura de interés, la red de vasos sanguíneos. Este prometedor trabajo sienta las bases para la evaluación cualitativa y cuantitativa de la anti-angiogénesis estudios preclínicos utilizando transgénicos o xenoinjerto ratones portadores de tumores.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT at JoVE.com

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Un mayor contraste de imagen pequeña embarcación animales microCT es una manera rápida, rentable y de alto rendimiento para la técnica serial<em&gt; In situ</em&gt; Examen para el desarrollo del tumor, para analizar la red de vasos sanguíneos que los alimentan, y después de la respuesta de los tumores a la intervención terapéutica preclínicos (s).

Contraste de imagen mejorada del buque utilizando MicroCT

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

contrast-enhanced-vessel-imaging-using-microct

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.5K vistas.  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Un mayor contraste de imagen pequeña embarcación animales microCT es una manera rápida, rentable y de alto rendimiento para la técnica serial In situ Examen para el desarrollo del tumor, para analizar la red de vasos sanguíneos que los alimentan, y después de la respuesta de los tumores a la intervención terapéutica preclínicos (s).

Video: Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are intensively and increasingly recruited in septic joints from the early phases of infection and the infiltration is supposed to regress once efficient removal of the pathogens is obtained. The ability to identify in vivo macrophage activity in an infected joint can therefore provide two main applications: early detection of acute synovitis and monitoring of therapy.
In vivo noninvasive detection of macrophages can be performed with magnetic resonance imaging using iron nanoparticles such as ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). After intravascular or intraarticular administration, USPIO are specifically phagocytized by activated macrophages, and, due to their magnetic properties, induce signal changes in tissues presenting macrophage infiltration. A quantitative evaluation of the infiltrate is feasible, as the area with signal loss (number of dark pixels) observed on gradient echo MR images after particles injection is correlated with the amount of iron within the tissue and therefore reflects the number of USPIO-loaded cells.
We present here a protocol to perform macrophage imaging using USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in an animal model of septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo noninvasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy action.

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

We demonstrate how to perform macrophage MR imaging using ultrasmall superparamagnetic contrast agent (USPIO) in septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo non-invasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy efficacy.

En vivo los macrófagos de imágenes utilizando MR Agente de contraste dirigida para la Evaluación Longitudinal de Artritis séptica

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are ...

Investigación

Medicina

MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent

Tumor extracellular matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers for cancer molecular imaging. In this work, we demonstrated effective MR cancer molecular imaging with a small molecular peptide targeted Gd-DOTA monoamide complex as a targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma. We performed the experiment of evaluating the effectiveness of the agent for non-invasive detection of prostate tumor with MRI in a mouse orthotopic PC-3 prostate cancer model. The targeted contrast agent was effective to produce significant tumor contrast enhancement at a low dose of 0.03 mmol Gd/kg. The peptide targeted MRI contrast agent is promising for MR molecular imaging of prostate tumor.

To demonstrate MR cancer molecular imaging with a small peptide targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma in a mouse prostate cancer model.

MR Imagen Molecular del cáncer de próstata con un agente de contraste dirigidos Pequeño Molecular CLT1 Péptido

Tumor extracellular  matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers  for cancer molecular imaging. In this work,  we ...

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an increased risk of vascular morbidity.&#160;Yet, albeit&#160;the mounting clinical evidence, there is a paucity of clear studies of vascular toxicity and therefore the etiology of a heterogeneous group of vascular/cardiovascular disorders remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the mechanism that may underlie vascular toxicity can completely differ from the principles of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, which is related to direct myocyte injury. We have established a real-time, in vivo molecular imaging platform&#160;to evaluate&#160;the potential&#160;acute&#160;vascular toxicity of anti-cancer therapies.
We have set up a platform of in vivo, high-resolution molecular imaging&#160;in mice,&#160;suitable for visualizing vasculature within confined organs and reference blood vessels within the same individuals whereas each individual serve as its own control. Blood vessel walls were impaired after doxorubicin administration, representing a unique mechanism of vascular toxicity that may be the early event in end-organ injury. Herein, the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging is described, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

We herein describe the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Inducida por la quimioterapia Vascular Toxicidad - En tiempo real<em&gt; En vivo</em&gt; Imagen de Deterioro del buque

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an ...

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an important target for neuroprotective therapies. Although several techniques have been described to assess SCBF, they all have significant limitations. To overcome the latter, we propose the use of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEU). Here we describe the application of this technique in a rat contusion model of SCI. A jugular catheter is first implanted for the repeated injection of contrast agent, a sodium chloride solution of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated microbubbles. The spine is then stabilized with a custom-made 3D-frame and the spinal cord dura mater is exposed by a laminectomy at ThIX-ThXII. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the posterior aspect of the dura mater (coated with ultrasound gel). To assess baseline SCBF, a single intravenous injection (400 &#181;l) of contrast agent is applied to record its passage through the intact spinal cord microvasculature. A weight-drop device is subsequently used to generate a reproducible experimental contusion model of SCI. Contrast agent is re-injected 15 min following the injury to assess post-SCI SCBF changes. CEU allows for real time and in-vivo assessment of SCBF changes following SCI. In the uninjured animal, ultrasound imaging showed uneven blood flow along the intact spinal cord. Furthermore, 15 min post-SCI, there was critical ischemia at the level of the epicenter while SCBF remained preserved in the more remote intact areas. In the regions adjacent to the epicenter (both rostral and caudal), SCBF was significantly reduced. This corresponds to the previously described &#8220;ischemic penumbra zone&#8221;. This tool is of major interest for assessing the effects of therapies aimed at limiting ischemia and the resulting tissue necrosis subsequent to SCI.

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound imaging is a reliable in-vivo tool for quantifying spinal cord blood flow in an experimental rat spinal cord injury model. This paper contains a comprehensive protocol for application of this technique in association with a contusion model of thoracic spinal cord injury.

Contraste mejorado las imágenes por ultrasonido para la Evaluación de la Médula Espinal flujo sanguíneo en Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an ...

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe respiratory motion artifact in the abdominal area. Orthotopic tumor models offer advantages over subcutaneous ones, because those can reflect the primary tumor microenvironment affecting blood supply, neovascularization, and tumor cell invasion. We have recently established a protocol of DCE-MRI of orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mouse models by securing tumors with an orthogonally bent plastic board to prevent motion transfer from the chest region during imaging. The pressure by this board was localized on the abdominal area, and has not resulted in respiratory difficulty of the animals. This article demonstrates the detailed procedure of orthotopic pancreatic tumor modeling using small animals and DCE-MRI of the tumor xenografts. Quantification method of pharmacokinetic parameters in DCE-MRI is also introduced. The procedure described in this article will assist investigators to apply DCE-MRI for orthotopic gastrointestinal cancer mouse models.

The goal of this protocol is to apply dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice. DCE-MRI is a non-invasive method to analyze microvasculature in a target tissue, and useful to assess vascular response in a tumor following a novel therapy.

Dynamic Contrast mejorada de imagen de resonancia magnética de un modelo ortotópico de cáncer pancreático del ratón

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe ...

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo: A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to image cellular events in an intact animal. Additionally, the ability to induce physiological disease states such as stroke in vivo increases its utility. The technique described herein allows for physiological assessment of cellular responses within the CNS following a stroke and can be adapted for other pathological conditions being studied. The technique presented uses laser excitation of the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal in vivo to induce a focal ischemic event in a single blood vessel. 
The video protocol demonstrates the preparation of a thin-skulled cranial window over the somatosensory cortex in a mouse for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic event keeping injury to the underlying dura matter and brain at a minimum. Surgical preparation is initially performed under a dissecting microscope with a custom-made surgical/imaging platform, which is then transferred to a confocal microscope equipped with an inverted objective adaptor. Representative images acquired utilizing this protocol are presented as well as time-lapse sequences of stroke induction. This technique is powerful in that the same area can be imaged repeatedly on subsequent days facilitating longitudinal in vivo studies of pathological processes following stroke.

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo:  A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

Here, we describe a semi-invasive optical microscopy approach for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic clot in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse in vivo. The technical aspects of the imaging procedure are described from induction of a photothrombotic event to application and data collection.

Rosa de Bengala Photothrombosis por imagen óptica confocal<em&gt; En Vivo</em&gt;: Un modelo de solo recipiente Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to ...

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate postprandial delivery of nutrients and hormones to insulin-sensitive tissues. We here describe a technique for combining intravital microscopy (IVM) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the adductor compartment of the mouse hindlimb to simultaneously visualize muscle resistance arteries and perfusion of the microcirculation in vivo. Simultaneously assessing insulin's effect at multiple levels of the vascular tree is important to study relationships between insulin's multiple vasoactive effects and muscle perfusion. Experiments in this study were performed in mice. First, the tail vein cannula is inserted for the infusion of anesthesia, vasoactive compounds and ultrasound contrast agent (lipid-encapsulated microbubbles). Second, a small incision is made in the groin area to expose the arterial tree of the adductor muscle compartment. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the contralateral upper hindlimb to view the muscles in cross-section. To assess baseline parameters, the arterial diameter is assessed and microbubbles are subsequently infused at a constant rate to estimate muscle blood flow and microvascular blood volume (MBV). When applied before and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, combined IVM and CEUS allow assessment of insulin-induced changes of arterial diameter, microvascular muscle perfusion and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the temporal relationship between responses of the microcirculation and the resistance arteries to insulin can be quantified. It is also possible to follow-up the mice longitudinally in time, making it a valuable tool to study changes in vascular and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Insulin-induced vasodilation regulates muscle perfusion and increases the microvascular surface area (microvascular recruitment) available for solute exchange between blood and tissue interstitium. Combined intravital microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is presented to simultaneously assess insulin&#39;s action at the larger vessels and the microcirculation in vivo.

Combina la microscopia Intravital y ecografía de contraste de la trasera de ratón para estudiar la perfusión muscular y vasodilatación inducida por la insulina

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate ...

A Novel Approach to Overcome Movement Artifact When Using a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System for Alternating Speeds of Blood Microcirculation

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic responses, the LSCI is used in the same way as a conventional Laser Doppler Imager (LDI). However, with a maximum skin depth of approximately 1 mm, the LSCI is designed to focus on mainly superficial blood flow. It is used to measure skin surface areas of up to 15 cm x 20 cm. The new technique introduced in this paper accounts for alternating speeds of microcirculations; i.e. both slow and fast flow flux measurement using the LSCI. The novel technique also overcomes LSCI&#39;s biggest shortcoming, which is high sensitivity to artifact movement. An adhesive opaque patch (AOP) is introduced for satisfactory recording of microcirculatory blood flow, by subtracting the LSCI signal from the AOP from the laser speckle skin signal. The optimal setting is also defined because the LSCI is most powerful when flux changes are measured relative to a reference baseline, with blood microcirculatory flux expressed as a percentage change from the baseline. These changes may be used for analyzing the status of the blood flow system.

This study introduces a novel technique for the measurement and analysis of alternating speeds of blood microcirculation in a single experiment using a laser speckle contrast imager.

Un nuevo enfoque para superar el artefacto de movimiento cuando se utiliza un contraste de punto láser sistema de imagen para alternar la velocidad de la microcirculación sanguínea

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

Fase contraste resonancia magnética en la arteria carótida común de rata

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

Oclusión de los vasos dos ratón modelo de isquemia-reperfusión Cerebral

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...