Diese Arbeit wurde teilweise durch NCI Auszeichnung 5R01CA133229-03 unterstützt.

1. Injektionen Vor intravenöse Schwanzvene der Injektion sollte die Rute Haut mit Isopropylalkohol Peelings für Sterilisation gereinigt werden. Über den distalen Schwanzvene mit geringer Totraum ½ CC U; Mäuse sollten dann mit 0,2 ml/20 g einer 20-mg Iod / ml jodhaltigen Kontrastmittels bloodpool (Binito Biomedical, Inc. in Ottawa, ON, Canada Exia 160XL) injiziert werden -100 28G ½ Insulinspritzen (Product # 329461, Becton Dickinson and Company, NJ, USA). 2. Tierische Vorbereitung Nach 10 Minuten nach der Injektion sollten die Tiere für MicroCT Bildgebung vorbereitet werden. Erstens sollte das Tier in einer Box mit 2% Isofluran in 100% Sauerstoff bei einer Rate von 2,5 Liter pro Minute betäubt. Ein Auge Schmier-Salbe angewendet, um ein Austrocknen der Hornhaut während der Narkose zu verhindern. Die Körpertemperatur sollte bei 37 ° C durch ein Heizkissen aufrechterhalten werden. 3. MicroCT Imaging Mäuse dann sollte auf einer MicroCT Einheit in der Lage, lebende Tiere Scans durchführen gescannt werden. Zur Minimierung der Bewegungsartefakte und Stabilität, können Mäuse in einem kommerziell erhältlichen Multi-Modalität Kammer (Numira Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT) mit Bestimmung für Luft-und Abgas-gelegt werden. Zur Vermeidung einer Hypothermie Folge auf das Tier während MicroCT Scans, Gel Pads (Hot Kältetherapie Brace, CVS Pharmacy Woonsocket, RI), Warmer Toe (Heat Factory, Vista, CA) oder Thermipaq Ton Pads (Thermik, Springfield, IL) können verwendet werden. Legen Sie diese Heizkissen unter dem Schaum Bett, um die Maus bei 37 ° C zu halten, während die Vermeidung von direktem Kontakt mit dem Tier. Vitalfunktionen des Tieres wie Körpertemperatur, Atmung und Herzfrequenz sollte durch Anwendung der Small Animal Monitoring und Gating-Systeme wie z. B. SA Instruments (Stony Brook, NY) werden. Die folgende Abbildung Protokoll kann als Richtschnur, um festzustellen, das entsprechende Scan-Parameter für jede MicroCT Einheiten verwendet werden. Die Tiere in diesem Experiment verwendet wurden bei 93 mm Auflösung auf einem volumetrischen CT-Scanner von GE eXplore Locus (GE Healthcare, London, Ontario) gescannt. Diese volumetrische Scanner verwendet eine 3500 x 1750 CCD-Detektor für Feldkamp Cone-Beam-Rekonstruktion. Die Plattform unabhängige Parameter von Strom, Spannung und Belichtungszeit konstant gehalten wurden, bei 450 uA, 80 kVp und 100 ms jeweils. Die Standard-Parameter der Belichtungszeit können Frames-per-View und die Anzahl der Ansichten verändert werden und könnte 100 ms, 5-8 und 360-720, jeweils mit insgesamt Scan-Zeit von etwa 20 Minuten. Die Bilder wurden mit dem Hersteller-eigenen EVSBeam Software rekonstruiert. 4. Image Rendering Das rekonstruierte MicroCT Daten können für fortgeschrittene Isofläche, eindimensionalen oder zweidimensionalen Transferfunktion Rendering Bilder mit Seg3D Bildverarbeitungssoftware (Seg3D, verwendet werden <a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ). 5. Repräsentative Ergebnisse Bitte beachten Sie die beigefügte Abbildung eines Wildtyp-Maus mit eXIA160XL mit den Einstellungen in Methoden Abschnitt erwähnt gescannt. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377fig1.jpg" alt="Abbildung 1" /> Abbildung 1. Zweidimensionale Transfer Function (2DTF) Rendering Bild eines Wildtyp-Maus erstellt mit Seg3D Bildverarbeitungssoftware (Seg3D, <a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ). Das Tier wurde mit eXIA160XL injiziert und 10 Minuten später bei 93 um isometrische Auflösung mit den Einstellungen in Methoden Abschnitt erwähnt gescannt MicroCT. Video 1. Zweidimensionale Transfer Function (2DTF) Rendering Basis 360 °-Drehung Film eines Wildtyp-Maus erstellt mit Imagevis3D Bildverarbeitungssoftware (Imagevis3D, http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software). Das Tier wurde mit eXIA160XL injiziert und 10 Minuten später bei 93 um isometrische Auflösung mit den Einstellungen in Methoden Abschnitt erwähnt gescannt MicroCT. <a href="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377_Suresh_Prajapati_Representative_Results.mov">Klicken Sie hier, um Video anzuschauen</a>

<ol>
	<li>Holdsworth, D. W., Thornton, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-CT+in+small+animal+and+specimen+imaging.">Micro-CT in small animal and specimen imaging.</a> Trends in Biotechnology. 20, 417-424 (2002).</li><li>Kindlmann, G. L., Weinstein, D. M., Jones, G. M., Johnson, C. R., Capecchi, M. R., Keller, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practical+Vessel+Imaging+by+Computed+Tomography+in+Live+Transgenic+Mouse+Models+for+Human+Tumors.">Practical Vessel Imaging by Computed Tomography in Live Transgenic Mouse Models for Human Tumors.</a> Molecular Imaging. 4, 417-424 (2005).</li></ol>

Alle tierischen Verfahren wurden in Übereinstimmung mit den Richtlinien für die Pflege und Verwendung von Labortieren durchgeführt und wurden von der Institutional Animal Care und Verwenden Committee (IACUC) an der University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio genehmigt.

Oberstes Ziel dieser Technik der kontrastverstärkten Schiff Bildgebung mit MicroCT ist es, optimale Verfahren zur Erzeugung von qualitativ hochwertigen Datensätze für die Analyse von vaskulären Netzwerken in lebenden Mäusen liefern. Für MicroCT Bildgebung, besseren Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis von weichem Gewebe wird durch längere Zykluszeiten mit einer erhöhten Anzahl von Ansichten und Anzahl der Frames-per-View 2 erreicht. Schiffskennzeichen hängt entscheidend genaue Weich...

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contrast enhanced vessel imaging using microct

Mikroskopische Computertomographie (MicroCT) bietet hochauflösende volumetrische Bildgebung der Anatomie des lebenden Kleintieren. Allerdings ist der Kontrast zwischen verschiedenen weichen Geweben und Körperflüssigkeiten von Natur aus arm an Mikro-CT-Bilder zeigen 1. Unter diesen Umständen wird Darstellung von Blutgefäßen eine fast unmögliche Aufgabe. Um dies zu überwinden und die Darstellung von Blutgefäßen exogenen Kontrastmittel eingesetzt werden, kann verbessern. Hier präsentieren wir eine Methode zur Visualisierung der Gefäßnetz in einem Nagetier-Modell. Durch die Verwendung eines lang wirkenden wässrigen kolloidalen polydisperse jodhaltigen Blut-Pool-Kontrastmittel, Exia 160XL, optimierte wir Bildaufnahmeparameter und Volumen-Rendering-Techniken für die Suche Blutgefäße in lebenden Tieren. Unsere Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass eine überlegene Kontrast zwischen Knochen und Weichgewebe von Schiff zu erreichen, wurden mit mehreren Frames (mindestens 5-8 / Frames-per-View) und 360-720 Ansichten (für eine vollständige 360 ​​°-Drehung) Akquisitionen obligatorisch. Wir haben auch die Verwendung eines zweidimensionalen Transferfunktion (wo Voxel Farbe und Deckkraft war im Verhältnis zur CT-Wert und Gradient Größe zugeordnet), bei der Visualisierung der Anatomie und aus denen die Struktur von Interesse, das Blutgefäß-Netz. Gezeigt Diese vielversprechende Arbeit legt eine Grundlage für die qualitative und quantitative Bewertung der Anti-Angiogenese präklinischen Studien mit transgenen oder Xenograft Tumor-tragenden Mäusen.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT at JoVE.com

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Kontrastverstärkte Kleintier-Schiff Bildgebung durch MicroCT ist eine schnelle, kostengünstige und High-Throughput-Verfahren für die serielle<em&gt; In situ</em&gt; Prüfung für die Tumor-Entwicklung, für die Analyse der Bildung von Blutgefässen, die sie nähren und für nach der Reaktion von Tumoren auf präklinische therapeutische Intervention (s).

Kontrastverstärkten Vessel Imaging mit MicroCT

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

contrast-enhanced-vessel-imaging-using-microct

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.5K Aufrufe.  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Kontrastverstärkte Kleintier-Schiff Bildgebung durch MicroCT ist eine schnelle, kostengünstige und High-Throughput-Verfahren für die serielle In situ Prüfung für die Tumor-Entwicklung, für die Analyse der Bildung von Blutgefässen, die sie nähren und für nach der Reaktion von Tumoren auf präklinische therapeutische Intervention (s).

Serie: Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are intensively and increasingly recruited in septic joints from the early phases of infection and the infiltration is supposed to regress once efficient removal of the pathogens is obtained. The ability to identify in vivo macrophage activity in an infected joint can therefore provide two main applications: early detection of acute synovitis and monitoring of therapy.
In vivo noninvasive detection of macrophages can be performed with magnetic resonance imaging using iron nanoparticles such as ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). After intravascular or intraarticular administration, USPIO are specifically phagocytized by activated macrophages, and, due to their magnetic properties, induce signal changes in tissues presenting macrophage infiltration. A quantitative evaluation of the infiltrate is feasible, as the area with signal loss (number of dark pixels) observed on gradient echo MR images after particles injection is correlated with the amount of iron within the tissue and therefore reflects the number of USPIO-loaded cells.
We present here a protocol to perform macrophage imaging using USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in an animal model of septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo noninvasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy action.

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

We demonstrate how to perform macrophage MR imaging using ultrasmall superparamagnetic contrast agent (USPIO) in septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo non-invasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy efficacy.

In-vivo-Bildgebung mit MR Makrophagen gezielte Kontrastmittel für die Längs-Auswertung der septische Arthritis

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are ...

Forschung

Medizin

MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent

Tumor extracellular matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers for cancer molecular imaging. In this work, we demonstrated effective MR cancer molecular imaging with a small molecular peptide targeted Gd-DOTA monoamide complex as a targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma. We performed the experiment of evaluating the effectiveness of the agent for non-invasive detection of prostate tumor with MRI in a mouse orthotopic PC-3 prostate cancer model. The targeted contrast agent was effective to produce significant tumor contrast enhancement at a low dose of 0.03 mmol Gd/kg. The peptide targeted MRI contrast agent is promising for MR molecular imaging of prostate tumor.

To demonstrate MR cancer molecular imaging with a small peptide targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma in a mouse prostate cancer model.

MR Molekulare Bildgebung von Prostatakrebs mit einem kleinen Molecular Targeted CLT1 Peptid-Kontrastmittel

Tumor extracellular  matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers  for cancer molecular imaging. In this work,  we ...

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an increased risk of vascular morbidity.&#160;Yet, albeit&#160;the mounting clinical evidence, there is a paucity of clear studies of vascular toxicity and therefore the etiology of a heterogeneous group of vascular/cardiovascular disorders remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the mechanism that may underlie vascular toxicity can completely differ from the principles of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, which is related to direct myocyte injury. We have established a real-time, in vivo molecular imaging platform&#160;to evaluate&#160;the potential&#160;acute&#160;vascular toxicity of anti-cancer therapies.
We have set up a platform of in vivo, high-resolution molecular imaging&#160;in mice,&#160;suitable for visualizing vasculature within confined organs and reference blood vessels within the same individuals whereas each individual serve as its own control. Blood vessel walls were impaired after doxorubicin administration, representing a unique mechanism of vascular toxicity that may be the early event in end-organ injury. Herein, the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging is described, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

We herein describe the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemotherapie-induzierte vaskuläre Toxizität - Echtzeit-<em&gt; In-vivo-</em&gt; Imaging von Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an ...

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an important target for neuroprotective therapies. Although several techniques have been described to assess SCBF, they all have significant limitations. To overcome the latter, we propose the use of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEU). Here we describe the application of this technique in a rat contusion model of SCI. A jugular catheter is first implanted for the repeated injection of contrast agent, a sodium chloride solution of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated microbubbles. The spine is then stabilized with a custom-made 3D-frame and the spinal cord dura mater is exposed by a laminectomy at ThIX-ThXII. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the posterior aspect of the dura mater (coated with ultrasound gel). To assess baseline SCBF, a single intravenous injection (400 &#181;l) of contrast agent is applied to record its passage through the intact spinal cord microvasculature. A weight-drop device is subsequently used to generate a reproducible experimental contusion model of SCI. Contrast agent is re-injected 15 min following the injury to assess post-SCI SCBF changes. CEU allows for real time and in-vivo assessment of SCBF changes following SCI. In the uninjured animal, ultrasound imaging showed uneven blood flow along the intact spinal cord. Furthermore, 15 min post-SCI, there was critical ischemia at the level of the epicenter while SCBF remained preserved in the more remote intact areas. In the regions adjacent to the epicenter (both rostral and caudal), SCBF was significantly reduced. This corresponds to the previously described &#8220;ischemic penumbra zone&#8221;. This tool is of major interest for assessing the effects of therapies aimed at limiting ischemia and the resulting tissue necrosis subsequent to SCI.

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound imaging is a reliable in-vivo tool for quantifying spinal cord blood flow in an experimental rat spinal cord injury model. This paper contains a comprehensive protocol for application of this technique in association with a contusion model of thoracic spinal cord injury.

Kontrastverstärkten Ultraschall-Bildgebung zur Beurteilung der Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Rückenmark-Verletzung

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an ...

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe respiratory motion artifact in the abdominal area. Orthotopic tumor models offer advantages over subcutaneous ones, because those can reflect the primary tumor microenvironment affecting blood supply, neovascularization, and tumor cell invasion. We have recently established a protocol of DCE-MRI of orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mouse models by securing tumors with an orthogonally bent plastic board to prevent motion transfer from the chest region during imaging. The pressure by this board was localized on the abdominal area, and has not resulted in respiratory difficulty of the animals. This article demonstrates the detailed procedure of orthotopic pancreatic tumor modeling using small animals and DCE-MRI of the tumor xenografts. Quantification method of pharmacokinetic parameters in DCE-MRI is also introduced. The procedure described in this article will assist investigators to apply DCE-MRI for orthotopic gastrointestinal cancer mouse models.

The goal of this protocol is to apply dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice. DCE-MRI is a non-invasive method to analyze microvasculature in a target tissue, and useful to assess vascular response in a tumor following a novel therapy.

Dynamic Contrast Verbesserte Spintomographie von einem orthotopen Mausmodell Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe ...

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo: A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to image cellular events in an intact animal. Additionally, the ability to induce physiological disease states such as stroke in vivo increases its utility. The technique described herein allows for physiological assessment of cellular responses within the CNS following a stroke and can be adapted for other pathological conditions being studied. The technique presented uses laser excitation of the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal in vivo to induce a focal ischemic event in a single blood vessel. 
The video protocol demonstrates the preparation of a thin-skulled cranial window over the somatosensory cortex in a mouse for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic event keeping injury to the underlying dura matter and brain at a minimum. Surgical preparation is initially performed under a dissecting microscope with a custom-made surgical/imaging platform, which is then transferred to a confocal microscope equipped with an inverted objective adaptor. Representative images acquired utilizing this protocol are presented as well as time-lapse sequences of stroke induction. This technique is powerful in that the same area can be imaged repeatedly on subsequent days facilitating longitudinal in vivo studies of pathological processes following stroke.

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo:  A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

Here, we describe a semi-invasive optical microscopy approach for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic clot in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse in vivo. The technical aspects of the imaging procedure are described from induction of a photothrombotic event to application and data collection.

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis von konfokalen optischen Imaging<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt;: Ein Modell des Einzelfahrzeug Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to ...

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate postprandial delivery of nutrients and hormones to insulin-sensitive tissues. We here describe a technique for combining intravital microscopy (IVM) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the adductor compartment of the mouse hindlimb to simultaneously visualize muscle resistance arteries and perfusion of the microcirculation in vivo. Simultaneously assessing insulin's effect at multiple levels of the vascular tree is important to study relationships between insulin's multiple vasoactive effects and muscle perfusion. Experiments in this study were performed in mice. First, the tail vein cannula is inserted for the infusion of anesthesia, vasoactive compounds and ultrasound contrast agent (lipid-encapsulated microbubbles). Second, a small incision is made in the groin area to expose the arterial tree of the adductor muscle compartment. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the contralateral upper hindlimb to view the muscles in cross-section. To assess baseline parameters, the arterial diameter is assessed and microbubbles are subsequently infused at a constant rate to estimate muscle blood flow and microvascular blood volume (MBV). When applied before and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, combined IVM and CEUS allow assessment of insulin-induced changes of arterial diameter, microvascular muscle perfusion and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the temporal relationship between responses of the microcirculation and the resistance arteries to insulin can be quantified. It is also possible to follow-up the mice longitudinally in time, making it a valuable tool to study changes in vascular and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Insulin-induced vasodilation regulates muscle perfusion and increases the microvascular surface area (microvascular recruitment) available for solute exchange between blood and tissue interstitium. Combined intravital microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is presented to simultaneously assess insulin&#39;s action at the larger vessels and the microcirculation in vivo.

Kombiniert intravitalen Mikroskopie und Kontrast-verstärkte Sonographie der Maus Megalosauridae Insulin-induzierte Vasodilatation und Muskel-Durchblutung zu untersuchen

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate ...

A Novel Approach to Overcome Movement Artifact When Using a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System for Alternating Speeds of Blood Microcirculation

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic responses, the LSCI is used in the same way as a conventional Laser Doppler Imager (LDI). However, with a maximum skin depth of approximately 1 mm, the LSCI is designed to focus on mainly superficial blood flow. It is used to measure skin surface areas of up to 15 cm x 20 cm. The new technique introduced in this paper accounts for alternating speeds of microcirculations; i.e. both slow and fast flow flux measurement using the LSCI. The novel technique also overcomes LSCI&#39;s biggest shortcoming, which is high sensitivity to artifact movement. An adhesive opaque patch (AOP) is introduced for satisfactory recording of microcirculatory blood flow, by subtracting the LSCI signal from the AOP from the laser speckle skin signal. The optimal setting is also defined because the LSCI is most powerful when flux changes are measured relative to a reference baseline, with blood microcirculatory flux expressed as a percentage change from the baseline. These changes may be used for analyzing the status of the blood flow system.

This study introduces a novel technique for the measurement and analysis of alternating speeds of blood microcirculation in a single experiment using a laser speckle contrast imager.

Ein neuer Ansatz zur Bewegung Artefakt zu überwinden, wenn Sie einen Laser-Speckle-Kontrast Imaging-System für wechselnde Geschwindigkeiten von Blut Mikrozirkulation zu verwenden

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

Phase Kontrast Magnetresonanz-Bildgebung in der Ratte gemeinsame Halsschlagader

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

Zwei-Schiff Okklusion Mausmodell der zerebralen Ischämie-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...