Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto in parte dal premio 5R01CA133229 NSC-03.

1. Iniezioni animali Prima dell&#39;iniezione endovenosa vena della coda, la pelle della coda devono essere puliti con scrub alcool isopropilico per la sterilizzazione. I topi deve essere iniettata con 0,2 g di mL/20 un 20-mg iodio / ml agente di contrasto iodati bloodpool (VIE 160XL, Binito Biomedical, Inc. di Ottawa, ON, Canada) attraverso la vena della coda distale con basso spazio morto ½ CC U -100 28G ½ siringhe da insulina (Product # 329461, Becton Dickinson and Company, New Jersey, USA). 2. Preparazione degli animali Dopo 10 minuti dall&#39;iniezione, gli animali devono essere preparati per microCT imaging. In primo luogo, l&#39;animale deve essere anestetizzato in una scatola con 2% isoflurano in ossigeno al 100% a tasso di 2,5 litri al minuto. Un unguento oculare lubrificante deve essere applicato per prevenire l&#39;essiccamento delle cornee durante l&#39;anestesia. La temperatura corporea deve essere mantenuta a 37 ° C da un pad di calore. 3. MicroCT Imaging I topi allora dovrebbe essere esaminato in una unità microCT in grado di eseguire scansioni di animali vivi. Per ridurre al minimo gli artefatti movimento e stabilità, i topi possono essere inseriti in un normale multi-modalità camera (Numira Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT), prevedendo per l&#39;aria e di scarico. Per evitare un episodio ipotermico l&#39;animale durante le scansioni microCT, Pads Gel (Hot Brace Crioterapia, CVS Pharmacy Woonsocket, RI), le dita dei piedi caldo (Fabbrica di calore, Vista, CA) o pad argilla Thermipaq (Thermionics, Springfield, IL) può essere utilizzato. Luogo questi pad riscaldamento sotto il letto di schiuma per mantenere il mouse a 37 ° C, evitando il contatto diretto con l&#39;animale. Segni vitali di origine animale come la temperatura corporea, la respirazione e il battito cardiaco devono essere monitorati con il monitoraggio Piccoli Animali e sistemi di colata come SA Instruments (Stony Brook, NY). Il protocollo di imaging seguenti può essere utilizzato come linea guida per determinare i parametri di scansione appropriata per ogni unità microCT. Gli animali utilizzati in questo esperimento sono stati scansionati a 93 micron su una risoluzione CT scanner volumetrico GE eXplore Locus (GE Healthcare, London, Ontario). Questo scanner utilizza un volumetrico x 3500 1750 rivelatore CCD per Feldkamp cone-beam ricostruzione. I parametri piattaforma indipendente dal tempo corrente, tensione e l&#39;esposizione sono state mantenute costanti a 450 μA, 80 KVP e 100 ms, rispettivamente. I parametri standard del tempo di esposizione, cornici per view e il numero di punti di vista può essere variato e potrebbe essere 100 ms, 5-8, e 360-720, rispettivamente con il tempo di scansione totale di circa 20 minuti. Le immagini sono state ricostruite con il software EVSBeam di proprietà del produttore. 4. Immagine di rendering I dati microCT ricostruiti possono essere utilizzati per avanzati isosuperficie, unidimensionale, bidimensionale o trasferire le immagini di rendering Seg3D funzione utilizzando il software di elaborazione delle immagini (Seg3D, <a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ). 5. Rappresentante Risultati Vedere la figura allegata di un mouse tipo selvatico scansione con eXIA160XL con le impostazioni indicato nella sezione metodi. <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Bidimensionali Transfer Function (2DTF) rendering delle immagini di un mouse tipo selvatico Seg3D creati utilizzando il software di elaborazione delle immagini (Seg3D, <a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ). L&#39;animale è stato iniettato con eXIA160XL e 10 minuti dopo microCT risoluzione di scansione a 93 micron isometrica con le impostazioni menzionati nella sezione metodi. Video 1. Bidimensionali Transfer Function (2DTF) rendering in base a 360 ° film di rotazione di un mouse tipo selvatico Imagevis3D creati utilizzando il software di elaborazione delle immagini (Imagevis3D, http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software). L&#39;animale è stato iniettato con eXIA160XL e 10 minuti dopo microCT risoluzione di scansione a 93 micron isometrica con le impostazioni menzionati nella sezione metodi. <a href="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377_Suresh_Prajapati_Representative_Results.mov">Clicca qui per vedere il video</a>

<ol>
	<li>Holdsworth, D. W., Thornton, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-CT+in+small+animal+and+specimen+imaging.">Micro-CT in small animal and specimen imaging.</a> Trends in Biotechnology. 20, 417-424 (2002).</li><li>Kindlmann, G. L., Weinstein, D. M., Jones, G. M., Johnson, C. R., Capecchi, M. R., Keller, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practical+Vessel+Imaging+by+Computed+Tomography+in+Live+Transgenic+Mouse+Models+for+Human+Tumors.">Practical Vessel Imaging by Computed Tomography in Live Transgenic Mouse Models for Human Tumors.</a> Molecular Imaging. 4, 417-424 (2005).</li></ol>

All procedure di animali sono state condotte secondo le Linee guida per la cura e l&#39;uso di animali da laboratorio e sono stati approvati dalla cura degli animali e del Comitato Istituzionale uso (IACUC) presso l&#39;Università del Texas Health Science Center a San Antonio.

L&#39;obiettivo principale di questa tecnica di imaging nave contrasto maggiore con microCT è di fornire il metodo ottimale per la generazione di set di dati di alta qualità per l&#39;analisi delle reti vascolari in topi vivi. Per microCT imaging, migliore rapporto segnale-rumore dei tessuti molli si ottiene più volte la scansione con aumento del numero di punti di vista e numero di fotogrammi per view 2. Identificazione della nave è criticamente dipendente accurata identifica...

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<td>eXIA 160XL</td>
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contrast enhanced vessel imaging using microct

Microscopiche tomografia computerizzata (microCT) offre imaging ad alta risoluzione volumetrica dell&#39;anatomia del vivere piccoli animali. Tuttavia, il contrasto tra diversi tessuti molli e nei liquidi corporei è di per sé povera di micro-CT immagini 1. In queste circostanze, la visualizzazione dei vasi sanguigni diventa un compito quasi impossibile. Per superare questo e per migliorare la visualizzazione dei vasi sanguigni mezzi di contrasto esogeni possono essere utilizzati. Qui, presentiamo una metodologia per la visualizzazione della rete vascolare in un modello di roditore. Utilizzando una lunga durata d&#39;azione acquosa colloidale polidisperse iodati blood-pool mezzo di contrasto, VIE 160XL, abbiamo ottimizzato i parametri di acquisizione delle immagini e del volume-tecniche di rendering per la ricerca di vasi sanguigni di animali vivi. I nostri risultati suggeriscono che, per raggiungere un contrasto superiore tra osso e tessuti molli dalla nave, multiple-frame (almeno 5-8 / frame-per-view), e viste 360-720 (per una completa rotazione di 360 °) le acquisizioni erano obbligatorie. Abbiamo anche dimostrato l&#39;uso di un bidimensionale funzione di trasferimento (voxel dove il colore e l&#39;opacità è stato assegnato in proporzione al valore di CT e la grandezza del gradiente), nel visualizzare l&#39;anatomia e che evidenzino la struttura di interesse, la rete dei vasi sanguigni. Questo promettente lavoro pone le basi per la valutazione qualitativa e quantitativa di studi preclinici anti-angiogenesi utilizzando transgenici o xenotrapianto portatori di tumore nei topi.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT at JoVE.com

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

Un migliore contrasto di piccole immagini nave sottoprodotti di origine animale microCT è un rapido, conveniente e ad alta velocità per la tecnica seriale<em&gt; In situ</emEsame&gt; per lo sviluppo del tumore, per analizzare la rete di vasi sanguigni che li nutrono, e per aver seguito la risposta del tumore a preclinici intervento terapeutico (s).

Contrast Imaging nave migliorata utilizzando microCT

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

contrast-enhanced-vessel-imaging-using-microct

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.5K Views.  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Un migliore contrasto di piccole immagini nave sottoprodotti di origine animale microCT è un rapido, conveniente e ad alta velocità per la tecnica seriale In situ per lo sviluppo del tumore, per analizzare la rete di vasi sanguigni che li nutrono, e per aver seguito la risposta del tumore a preclinici intervento terapeutico (s).

Video: Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are intensively and increasingly recruited in septic joints from the early phases of infection and the infiltration is supposed to regress once efficient removal of the pathogens is obtained. The ability to identify in vivo macrophage activity in an infected joint can therefore provide two main applications: early detection of acute synovitis and monitoring of therapy.
In vivo noninvasive detection of macrophages can be performed with magnetic resonance imaging using iron nanoparticles such as ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). After intravascular or intraarticular administration, USPIO are specifically phagocytized by activated macrophages, and, due to their magnetic properties, induce signal changes in tissues presenting macrophage infiltration. A quantitative evaluation of the infiltrate is feasible, as the area with signal loss (number of dark pixels) observed on gradient echo MR images after particles injection is correlated with the amount of iron within the tissue and therefore reflects the number of USPIO-loaded cells.
We present here a protocol to perform macrophage imaging using USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in an animal model of septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo noninvasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy action.

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

We demonstrate how to perform macrophage MR imaging using ultrasmall superparamagnetic contrast agent (USPIO) in septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo non-invasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy efficacy.

In vivo Macrofago Imaging Utilizzando MR mirata di contrasto agente per la valutazione longitudinale di artrite settica

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are ...

Ricerca

Medicina

MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent

Tumor extracellular matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers for cancer molecular imaging. In this work, we demonstrated effective MR cancer molecular imaging with a small molecular peptide targeted Gd-DOTA monoamide complex as a targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma. We performed the experiment of evaluating the effectiveness of the agent for non-invasive detection of prostate tumor with MRI in a mouse orthotopic PC-3 prostate cancer model. The targeted contrast agent was effective to produce significant tumor contrast enhancement at a low dose of 0.03 mmol Gd/kg. The peptide targeted MRI contrast agent is promising for MR molecular imaging of prostate tumor.

To demonstrate MR cancer molecular imaging with a small peptide targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma in a mouse prostate cancer model.

MR Imaging Molecolare del cancro alla prostata con un piccolo Molecular CLT1 Peptide mirato di contrasto agente

Tumor extracellular  matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers  for cancer molecular imaging. In this work,  we ...

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an increased risk of vascular morbidity.&#160;Yet, albeit&#160;the mounting clinical evidence, there is a paucity of clear studies of vascular toxicity and therefore the etiology of a heterogeneous group of vascular/cardiovascular disorders remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the mechanism that may underlie vascular toxicity can completely differ from the principles of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, which is related to direct myocyte injury. We have established a real-time, in vivo molecular imaging platform&#160;to evaluate&#160;the potential&#160;acute&#160;vascular toxicity of anti-cancer therapies.
We have set up a platform of in vivo, high-resolution molecular imaging&#160;in mice,&#160;suitable for visualizing vasculature within confined organs and reference blood vessels within the same individuals whereas each individual serve as its own control. Blood vessel walls were impaired after doxorubicin administration, representing a unique mechanism of vascular toxicity that may be the early event in end-organ injury. Herein, the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging is described, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

We herein describe the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemioterapia-indotta vascolare Tossicità - in tempo reale<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Imaging di Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an ...

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an important target for neuroprotective therapies. Although several techniques have been described to assess SCBF, they all have significant limitations. To overcome the latter, we propose the use of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEU). Here we describe the application of this technique in a rat contusion model of SCI. A jugular catheter is first implanted for the repeated injection of contrast agent, a sodium chloride solution of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated microbubbles. The spine is then stabilized with a custom-made 3D-frame and the spinal cord dura mater is exposed by a laminectomy at ThIX-ThXII. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the posterior aspect of the dura mater (coated with ultrasound gel). To assess baseline SCBF, a single intravenous injection (400 &#181;l) of contrast agent is applied to record its passage through the intact spinal cord microvasculature. A weight-drop device is subsequently used to generate a reproducible experimental contusion model of SCI. Contrast agent is re-injected 15 min following the injury to assess post-SCI SCBF changes. CEU allows for real time and in-vivo assessment of SCBF changes following SCI. In the uninjured animal, ultrasound imaging showed uneven blood flow along the intact spinal cord. Furthermore, 15 min post-SCI, there was critical ischemia at the level of the epicenter while SCBF remained preserved in the more remote intact areas. In the regions adjacent to the epicenter (both rostral and caudal), SCBF was significantly reduced. This corresponds to the previously described &#8220;ischemic penumbra zone&#8221;. This tool is of major interest for assessing the effects of therapies aimed at limiting ischemia and the resulting tissue necrosis subsequent to SCI.

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound imaging is a reliable in-vivo tool for quantifying spinal cord blood flow in an experimental rat spinal cord injury model. This paper contains a comprehensive protocol for application of this technique in association with a contusion model of thoracic spinal cord injury.

Ultrasuoni Imaging per la valutazione di Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Sperimentale midollo spinale Lesioni

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an ...

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe respiratory motion artifact in the abdominal area. Orthotopic tumor models offer advantages over subcutaneous ones, because those can reflect the primary tumor microenvironment affecting blood supply, neovascularization, and tumor cell invasion. We have recently established a protocol of DCE-MRI of orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mouse models by securing tumors with an orthogonally bent plastic board to prevent motion transfer from the chest region during imaging. The pressure by this board was localized on the abdominal area, and has not resulted in respiratory difficulty of the animals. This article demonstrates the detailed procedure of orthotopic pancreatic tumor modeling using small animals and DCE-MRI of the tumor xenografts. Quantification method of pharmacokinetic parameters in DCE-MRI is also introduced. The procedure described in this article will assist investigators to apply DCE-MRI for orthotopic gastrointestinal cancer mouse models.

The goal of this protocol is to apply dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice. DCE-MRI is a non-invasive method to analyze microvasculature in a target tissue, and useful to assess vascular response in a tumor following a novel therapy.

Contrasto dinamico migliorato risonanza magnetica di un modello ortotopico cancro del pancreas mouse

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe ...

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo: A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to image cellular events in an intact animal. Additionally, the ability to induce physiological disease states such as stroke in vivo increases its utility. The technique described herein allows for physiological assessment of cellular responses within the CNS following a stroke and can be adapted for other pathological conditions being studied. The technique presented uses laser excitation of the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal in vivo to induce a focal ischemic event in a single blood vessel. 
The video protocol demonstrates the preparation of a thin-skulled cranial window over the somatosensory cortex in a mouse for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic event keeping injury to the underlying dura matter and brain at a minimum. Surgical preparation is initially performed under a dissecting microscope with a custom-made surgical/imaging platform, which is then transferred to a confocal microscope equipped with an inverted objective adaptor. Representative images acquired utilizing this protocol are presented as well as time-lapse sequences of stroke induction. This technique is powerful in that the same area can be imaged repeatedly on subsequent days facilitating longitudinal in vivo studies of pathological processes following stroke.

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo:  A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

Here, we describe a semi-invasive optical microscopy approach for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic clot in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse in vivo. The technical aspects of the imaging procedure are described from induction of a photothrombotic event to application and data collection.

Rosa Bengala Photothrombosis da confocale Optical Imaging<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt;: Un modello di singolo vaso Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to ...

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate postprandial delivery of nutrients and hormones to insulin-sensitive tissues. We here describe a technique for combining intravital microscopy (IVM) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the adductor compartment of the mouse hindlimb to simultaneously visualize muscle resistance arteries and perfusion of the microcirculation in vivo. Simultaneously assessing insulin's effect at multiple levels of the vascular tree is important to study relationships between insulin's multiple vasoactive effects and muscle perfusion. Experiments in this study were performed in mice. First, the tail vein cannula is inserted for the infusion of anesthesia, vasoactive compounds and ultrasound contrast agent (lipid-encapsulated microbubbles). Second, a small incision is made in the groin area to expose the arterial tree of the adductor muscle compartment. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the contralateral upper hindlimb to view the muscles in cross-section. To assess baseline parameters, the arterial diameter is assessed and microbubbles are subsequently infused at a constant rate to estimate muscle blood flow and microvascular blood volume (MBV). When applied before and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, combined IVM and CEUS allow assessment of insulin-induced changes of arterial diameter, microvascular muscle perfusion and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the temporal relationship between responses of the microcirculation and the resistance arteries to insulin can be quantified. It is also possible to follow-up the mice longitudinally in time, making it a valuable tool to study changes in vascular and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Insulin-induced vasodilation regulates muscle perfusion and increases the microvascular surface area (microvascular recruitment) available for solute exchange between blood and tissue interstitium. Combined intravital microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is presented to simultaneously assess insulin&#39;s action at the larger vessels and the microcirculation in vivo.

Combinato di microscopia Intravital e l'ecografia contrapporre-aumentata del Hindlimb Mouse per studiare la perfusione del muscolo e la vasodilatazione indotta da insulina

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate ...

A Novel Approach to Overcome Movement Artifact When Using a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System for Alternating Speeds of Blood Microcirculation

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic responses, the LSCI is used in the same way as a conventional Laser Doppler Imager (LDI). However, with a maximum skin depth of approximately 1 mm, the LSCI is designed to focus on mainly superficial blood flow. It is used to measure skin surface areas of up to 15 cm x 20 cm. The new technique introduced in this paper accounts for alternating speeds of microcirculations; i.e. both slow and fast flow flux measurement using the LSCI. The novel technique also overcomes LSCI&#39;s biggest shortcoming, which is high sensitivity to artifact movement. An adhesive opaque patch (AOP) is introduced for satisfactory recording of microcirculatory blood flow, by subtracting the LSCI signal from the AOP from the laser speckle skin signal. The optimal setting is also defined because the LSCI is most powerful when flux changes are measured relative to a reference baseline, with blood microcirculatory flux expressed as a percentage change from the baseline. These changes may be used for analyzing the status of the blood flow system.

This study introduces a novel technique for the measurement and analysis of alternating speeds of blood microcirculation in a single experiment using a laser speckle contrast imager.

Un nuovo approccio per superare artefatto movimento quando si utilizza un contrasto di Laser Speckle Imaging System per alternando velocità della microcircolazione sanguigna

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

Fase di contrasto risonanza magnetica nell'arteria carotica comune ratto

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

Occlusione del vaso due Mouse modello di Ischemia-riperfusione cerebrale

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...